Seasonal dynamics influencing coastal primary production and phytoplankton communities along the southern Myanmar coast     

Maung-Saw-Htoo-Thaw  Shizuka Ohara  Kazumi Matsuoka  Tatsuya Yurimoto  Shota Higo  Khin-Ko-Lay  Win-Kyaing  Myint-Shwe  Sein-Thaung  Yin-Yin-Htay  Nang-Mya-Han  Khin-Maung-Cho  Si–Si-Hla-Bu  Swe-Thwin  Kazuhiko Koike 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(3):345-364

Myanmar is tenth among the world’s fish-producing countries and third in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). To understand the mechanisms underlying the high production, oceanographic and phytoplankton surveys, including primary productivity measurements based on pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry, were conducted near an active fishing ground near Myeik City. Three surveys, one in each of the representative seasons and covering the characteristic coastal environments, showed well-defined seasonality in primary production and phytoplankton occurrence. End of the dry season was the most productive, with productivity of 2.59 ± 1.56 g C m^?2 day^?1 and high concentration of chlorophyll a (3.14 ± 2.64 µg L^?1). In this season, the phytoplankton population was dominated by high densities of the diatoms Bellerochea horologicalis and Chaetoceros curvisetus, whereas primary productivity was low at the onset of the dry season, 1.36 ± 0.77 g C m^?2 day^?1. However, this low primary production might be compensated by activation of microbial food chains originating from high dissolved organic carbon. The rainy season exhibited the lowest production, 6.6% of the end of the dry season, due to the extensive discharge of turbid water from the rivers which lowered euphotic layer depth and resulted in an unusually high diffuse attenuation coefficient of 2.30 ± 1.03 m^?1. This incident of turbid water may be related to soil erosion from deforestation and mangrove deterioration. This research reveals the seasonal trend in Myanmar’s coastal productivity and its relationship to the tropical monsoon climate as well as emphasizing the importance of tropical coastal environments to the sustainability of the fisheries.  相似文献   

A modified normalized model for predicting effective soil thermal conductivity     

Hailong He  Ying Zhao  Miles F. Dyck  Bingcheng Si  Huijun Jin  Jialong Lv  Jinxin Wang 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(6):1281-1300

Effective soil thermal conductivity (λ _eff) describes the ability of a multiphase soil to transmit heat by conduction under unit temperature gradient. It is a critical parameter for environmental science, earth and planetary science, and engineering applications. Numerous models are available in the literature, but their applicability is generally restricted to certain soil types or water contents (θ). The objective of this study was to develop a new model in the similar form of the Johansen 1975 model to simulate the λ _eff(θ) relationship of soils of various soil textures and water contents. An exponential type model with two parameters is developed and a new function for calculating dry soil thermal conductivity is presented. Performance of the new model and six other normalized models were evaluated with published datasets. The results show that the new model is able to well mimic λ _eff(θ) relationship of soils from sand to silt loam and from oven dry to full saturation. In addition, it has the best performance among the seven models under test (with root-mean-square error of 0.059 W m^?1 °C^?1, average deviations of 0.0009 W m^?1 °C^?1, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.994). The new model has potential to improve the reliability of soil thermal conductivity estimation and be incorporated into numerical modeling for environmental, earth and engineering studies.  相似文献   

图像ROI选择及其应用研究     

李寿涛  陈浩  陈思  李敬 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(6):979-984

在辐射成像应用中,DR及CT检测会产生大量的图像数据,对这些图像数据的处理涉及图像处理技术的方方面面。这些处理技术包括重建、可视化、图像增强、图像压缩和图像缺陷分析等。通常人们需要对图像中的特定区域（ROI）进行处理,并对图像上的ROI进行选择。ROI的确定,编辑是辐射成像图像处理的常用功能。本文介绍常用各种ROI,实现了这些ROI的勾画、编辑、选择等功能,并介绍了ROI与孔隙度计算及缺陷识别等应用的结合。  相似文献   

Holocene slip rate and paleoearthquake records of the Salt Lake segment of the Northern Zhongtiaoshan Fault,Shanxi Province   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SI SuPei  LI YouLi  Lü ShengHua  WANG YiRan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(9):2079-2088

The Northern Zhongtiaoshan Fault is a major deep fault at the southern margin of the Yuncheng Basin. There have been few studies on the fault, and the historical earthquakes are few and weak. However, the intensity of activity on the fault should never be underestimated. Through interpretations of aerial images, topography measurements and excavation of trenches, this paper studied the fault distribution, the surface deformation and the activity of the normal fault south of Salt Lake near the city of Yuncheng. By tracing faults in the three trenches, it was found that there had been at least three large paleoseismic events, at 1–3.5, 3.6–4.4 and 7.4–8.8 ka BP. Employing 14 C dating, we determined the same gravel layers in the uplifted side and downthrown side. Making differential Global Positioning System measurements of the vertical difference and topographic profile, we obtained the mean slip rate of the Northern Zhongtiaoshan Fault since 24.7 ka BP(0.75±0.05 mm/a). Using the results of relevant studies, we calculated the possible vertical fault displacement of one earthquake(2.35 m) and obtained the recurrence interval of characteristic earthquakes as 2940–3360 a after dividing the displacement by the mean slip rate.  相似文献   

厚度对月壤微波辐射亮温的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟治国  平劲松  徐懿  陈圣波  陈思 《地理研究》2014,33(6):1015-1022

基于嫦娥系列卫星微波辐射计数据的月壤厚度反演是中国月球科学研究的重要目标之一。基于辐射传输方程,数值模拟了不同频率、（FeO+TiO₂）含量和表面温度条件下厚度对月壤微波辐射亮温的影响;基于嫦娥二号卫星微波辐射计（Chang’E Lunar Microwave Sounder,CELMS）数据,结合Apollo 计划获取的月壤厚度资料及其他月壤厚度资料,系统分析了厚度对CELMS观测数据的影响。结果表明：频率、（FeO+TiO₂）含量、表面温度对亮温的影响远大于厚度对亮温的影响,是基于CELMS数据进行月壤厚度反演的重要影响因素;低频、低（FeO+TiO₂）含量、低温条件下,厚度对CELMS数据的影响最大;利用3 GHz、凌晨时刻的CELMS数据进行月陆地区月壤厚度反演可行。研究结果对基于嫦娥系列卫星CELMS数据的月壤厚度反演具有重要参考意义。  相似文献   

汶川地震(Ms8.0）地表建筑体变形特征及其构造意义   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

裴军令  李海兵  司家亮  邱祝礼  孙知明 《第四纪研究》2009,29(3):513-523

通过汶川地震震区大量的实地考察已证实沿着早先活动断裂主要发育了两条地表破裂带：一条是沿着映秀－北川断裂产生的逆冲伴随右旋走滑破裂带,长275km,最大垂直位移达11m,水平位移达12m; 另一条纯逆冲性质的破裂带,沿着灌县－安县断裂发育,最大垂直位移达4m。活动断裂之上的地表破裂带是野外工作中确定地震断裂性质的重要现象。另外,在活动断裂相邻区域和远离区域的路面以及建筑体还大量存在变形现象。通常沿活动断裂产生的地表破裂是典型的同震破裂,相邻区域的地表路面及建筑体发育的变形属于次生变形,远离区域发育的变形则属于震后变形。对次生变形和震后变形测量数据的应用容易影响活动断裂特征的确定和性质的判断,因为路面等建筑体上的挤压拱起、叠置以及水平错断等现象多是受到地震过程中通过断裂活动突然释放的巨大能量作用在局部地表建筑体产生的变形。但是,分布广泛的挤压现象暗示了区域上挤压应力场环境,有利于地表同震破裂位置的推测及地震断裂性质的判断。  相似文献   

Evidence for Tibetan Plateau Uplift in Qaidam Basin before Eocene-Oligocene Boundary and Its Climatic Implications     

Pei Junling  Sun Zhiming  Wang Xisheng  Zhao Yue  Ge Xiaohong  Guo Xinzhuan  Li Haibing  Si Jialiang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(2)

Geometry analysis of the Hongsanhan (红三旱) Section in the northwestern Qaidam basin illustrates the typical growth strata in the Xiaganchaigou (下干柴沟) Formation. The age and sedimentation rates of the Xiaganchaigou and the Shangganchaigou (上干柴沟) formations were determined by the high-resolution magnetostratigraphy. This result shows that the growth strata began to form at ca. 38.0 Ma and increased sedimentation rates occurred at ca. 37.0 Ma. The uplift of the Tibetan plateau before the Eocene-Oligocene boundary is confirmed, which enables us to better understand the relationship between climatic changes and the tectonic uplift. This uplift event could have resuited in the regional drying by blocking the moisture and contributed to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary global cooling event due to the declining atmospheric CO2 concentrations by increased weathering of the mountains.  相似文献   

黄土的独立物性指标及其与湿陷性参数的相关性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邵生俊  杨春鸣  马秀婷  陆斯 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):27-34

黄土的湿陷性是其重要的工程特性,常用一维压缩应力条件下的湿陷系数、自重湿陷系数和湿陷起始压力等指标定量评价。影响黄土湿陷性的因素较多,包括土的粒度、密度、湿度等基本物理性质指标,且各因素之间并非完全独立,存在一定相关性。采用因子分析法,通过对西安地铁4号线黄土高台地和宝鸡-兰州高速铁路隧道黄土塬湿陷性黄土场地地层物性质指标的统计分析和相关性分析,首先确定了相对独立的含水比（含水率与液限之比）和孔隙比3个物性指标反映的两个因子。然后,依据湿陷性黄土场地的试验资料,通过多元线性回归分析,分别得到了两个场地黄土的自重湿陷系数、湿陷起始压力以及压缩模量与含水比和孔隙比之间的相关关系。最后,比较分析了两个场地黄土自重湿陷系数、湿陷起始压力和压缩模量计算值与实测值,验证了利用因子分析法寻找影响黄土湿陷性的独立因子,建立黄土湿陷性参数与独立影响因子之间相关关系的合理性和准确性。针对两个地区两类地貌单元湿陷性黄土场地,建立的黄土湿陷性参数的相关关系具有快速、准确的评价黄土湿陷性和黄土地基湿陷变形的实际意义。  相似文献   

呼和浩特地震台防雷应用分析     

熊峰  张起  查斯  杨彦明  赵星 《高原地震》2015,(2):64-67

介绍了呼和浩特基准地震台运用雷电预警系统进行防雷击保护的措施,通过对雷电预警系统的运行情况考察分析,说明该系统可靠实用,对观测设备防雷击起到关键作用。  相似文献   

Empirical Formula of Shear Strength of Rock Fractures Based on 3D Morphology Parameters     

Hangyu Dong  Baohua Guo  Yizhe Li  Kai Si  Long Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(3):1169-1183

The prime objective of this work is to provide a reference to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures. The paper studied some shear properties of rock fractures and proposed an empirical formula for the peak shear strength of rock fractures based on 3D morphology parameters. The rock fractures were induced in cylindrical sandstone and marble specimens by means of indirect tension. A rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200) was adopted to conduct direct shear tests on five groups of rock fractures under different levels of normal load. Before the direct shear test, 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. By analyses of direct shear test data, the relationships between peak shear strength, peak shear displacement, peak dilatancy angle, residual friction coefficient and peak normal stress were found. According to the evolution trends of peak shear strength and peak dilatancy angle along with the normal stress, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures in both sliding and cutting failure modes considering the 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces. The empirical formula could be commonly used for different types (sandstone and marble) and grain sizes (powder-grained, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained) of rock fractures.  相似文献