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791.
黄河上游官亭盆地喇家遗址地层光释光测年研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对黄河上游官亭盆地喇家遗址周围黄河第二级阶地广泛的野外考察,在官亭镇下喇家村段发现了典型的风成黄土土壤层。在地层剖面可见其齐家文化层古地面被数组地震裂隙分割。有一层团块状的、鲜艳的红色粘土质泥流层覆盖了遗址的古地面,并且填充了地震裂隙。经过详细观测和采集光释光样品,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR) 获得该剖面样品的光释光(OSL) 年龄值。在此基础上,结合大量14C年龄数据和地层对比方法,确定官亭盆地黄河第二级阶地形成在35.00 ka BP,其后风成黄土土壤剖面开始发育。同时断定全新世古土壤S0中间所夹红色粘土泥流沉积层及其下的地震裂隙的形成年代为3.95 ka BP。结合磁化率和粒度成分等气候替代指标分析,表明在35.00~11.50 ka BP 晚更新世晚期,亦即末次冰期的晚期(MIS-2),气候寒冷干燥,沙尘暴活动旺盛,在官亭盆地第二级阶地上堆积了典型的马兰黄土层(L1-1)。在11.50~8.50 ka BP全新世早期,沙尘暴活动堆积了具有过渡性质的黄土层(Lt),反映气候逐渐变暖。在8.50~3.10 ka BP 全新世中期大暖期,气候变得温暖湿润,降水量增多,沙尘暴活动减弱,风化成壤作用强烈,堆积形成了黑垆土类古土壤层(S0下、S0上)。 相似文献
792.
基于GTAP8数据库,构建了2004年和2007年全球多区域投入产出（MRIO）表,测算了中国、美国、欧盟和日本基于生产端和消费端的碳排放量,对比了中、美、欧、日各自对外贸易隐含碳特征,分析了中美、中欧、中日双边贸易中的隐含碳特点。结果表明：2004和2007年,中国基于生产端的碳排放高出消费端15%以上,而美、欧、日则低5%左右;中国是隐含碳净出口国,而美、欧、日则属于隐含碳净进口国;中国出口隐含碳最高的前三个行业依次是设备制造业、纺织服装业和其他制造业;美、欧出口隐含碳最多的行业则是设备制造业、交通业和石化工业,日本的出口隐含碳高度集中于设备制造业。 相似文献
793.
GuoJie Hu Lin Zhao XiaoDong Wu Ren Li TongHua Wu ChangWei Xie QiangQiang Pang Yao Xiao WangPing Li YongPing Qiao JianZong Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,58(12):2309-2326
Water and heat dynamics in the active layer at a monitoring site in the Tanggula Mountains, located in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau(QXP), were studied using the physical-process-based COUPMODEL model, including the interaction between soil temperature and moisture under freeze-thaw cycles. Meteorological, ground temperature and moisture data from different depths within the active layer were used to calibrate and validate the model. The results indicate that the calibrated model satisfactorily simulates the soil temperatures from the top to the bottom of the soil layers as well as the moisture content of the active layer in permafrost regions. The simulated soil heat flux at depths of 0 to 20 cm was consistent with the monitoring data, and the simulations of the radiation balance components were reasonable. Energy consumed for phase change was estimated from the simulated ice content during the freeze/thaw processes from 2007 to 2008. Using this model, the active layer thickness and the energy consumed for phase change were predicted for future climate warming scenarios. The model predicts an increase of the active layer thickness from the current 330 cm to approximately 350–390 cm as a result of a 1–2°C warming. However, the effect active layer thickness of more precipitation is limited when the precipitation is increased by 20%–50%. The COUPMODEL provides a useful tool for predicting and understanding the fate of permafrost in the QXP under a warming climate. 相似文献
794.
AbstractWe developed a water-use conflict analysis framework to determine environmental flows that optimally balance water requirements for ecosystems and human activities. This framework considers trade-offs between water use for ecosystem health and agricultural processes and considers temporal variations in hydrological processes. It comprises three separate models that (a) analyse water balance between agriculture and initial environmental flows, (b) identify outcomes of varying balances in water use, and (c) determine recommended environmental flows for sustainable water use. We applied the framework to a region downstream of the Yellow River in China. Based on our results, we recommend a water management plan that allocates more water to ecosystem services than is currently allocated and that does not increase predicted economic losses. In addition, we found that recommended flows change depending on the ecological objectives considered and whether technologies or methodologies that improve water-use efficiency are employed.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. AcremanCitation Pang, A., Sun, T., and Yang, Z., 2014. A framework for determining recommended environmental flows for balancing agricultural and ecosystem water demands. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 890–903. 相似文献
795.
基于高光谱的民勤土壤盐分定量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤盐渍化是重要的生态环境问题,严重影响着干旱、半干旱区的农牧业及经济发展。高光谱遥感技术能够提供地物的连续光谱信息,易于分析细微差别,在定量研究土壤盐分含量方面具有较大优势。民勤县位于甘肃省石羊河流域下游,水力资源匮乏,盐渍化问题十分严峻。本研究基于实验室光谱数据,通过建立模型定量分析土壤盐分含量。首先对原始数据进行连续统去除（cn）预处理,然后分别建立了土壤盐分含量的高光谱指数模型（NDSI）、偏最小二乘回归模型（PLS）、间隔偏最小二乘法模型（iPLS）和反向间隔偏最小二乘法模型（BiPLS）,考察各种模型对土壤盐分的预测能力。对比分析发现,使用全部波段信息建模的PLS模型优于仅使用两个波段信息的NDSI模型,而iPLS和BiPLS模型通过选择特征波段进行建模,结果均好于全谱PLS模型。其中,BiPLS模型波段选择的能力优于iPLS模型,得出的模型结果最好,预测相对偏差RPD达到2.02,决定系数R2和模拟值与预测值线性回归的斜率分别为0.76和0.92,模型可以近似地预测土壤盐分含量。结果说明特征波段选择方法能够从大量数据中提取有效信息,简化模型,并获取比NDSI模型和全谱PLS模型更优的预测结果。这些研究对于使用高光谱数据定量分析土壤盐渍化有一定的意义。 相似文献
796.
风成黄土对东亚冬夏季风优势期转换及起迄时间起到良好指示作用,探究风尘黄土堆积、发育特征与东亚季风演变的耦合关系十分必要。本文通过研究汉江一级阶地上覆黄土-古土壤序列的构型、磁化率、烧失量、粒度、元素组成特征,分析汉江一级阶地抬升以来黄土-古土壤序列的成因及成壤特征,探究东亚冬夏季风的演化序列。结果表明：（1）汉江上游地区黄土-古土壤序列的地层构型为表层土（MS）-近代黄土（L0）-古土壤（S0）-过渡层（Lt）-马兰黄土（L1）,磁化率、粒度、烧失量、元素组成等特征指示各地层成壤强度特征为S0>L0/Lt>L1。（2） 成壤强度指示18000 a BP以来,东亚冬夏季风演替特征为末次盛冰期冬季风强烈→全新世早期冬季风减弱→全新世中期夏季风主导→全新世晚期夏季风减弱~,冬季风强盛,其演变滞后于低纬太阳辐射变化2000~3000 a。（3）该风尘堆积物理化性质对6000~5000a BP的气候恶化期有所响应。总而言之,汉江上游一级阶地上覆黄土为风尘堆积物,指示18000a BP以来东亚季风的变迁规律及季风异常事件,能够体现北亚热带对全球气候变化及极端事件的响应。 相似文献
797.
Xin Cao Jun Chen LiJun Chen AnPing Liao FangDi Sun Yang Li Lei Li ZhongHui Lin ZhiGuo Pang Jin Chen ChaoYing He Shu Peng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2330-2339
Land surface water (LSW) is one of the most important resources for human survival and development, and it is also a main component of global water recycling. A full understanding of the spatial distribution of land surface water and a continuous measuring of its dynamics can support to diagnose the global ecosystem and environment. Based on the Global Land 30-water 2000 and Global Land 30-water 2010 products, this research analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and temporal fluctuation of land surface water under scale-levels of global, latitude and longitude, continents, and climate zones. The Global Land 30-water products were corrected the temporal inconsistency of original remotely sensed data using MODIS time-series data, and then calculated the indices such as water area, water ration and coefficient of spatial variation for further analysis. Results show that total water area of land surface is about 3.68 million km2 (2010), and occupies 2.73% of land area. The spatial distribution of land surface water is extremely uneven and is gathered mainly in mid- to high-latitude area of the Northern Hemisphere and tropic area. The comparison of water ratio between 2000 and 2010 indicates the overall fluctuation is small but spatially differentiated. The Global Land 30-water products and the statistics provided the fundamental information for analyzing the spatial distribution pattern and temporal fluctuation of land surface water and diagnosing the global ecosystem and environment. 相似文献
798.
Diversity and geographical pattern of altitudinal belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper analyses the diversity and spatial pattern of the altitudinal belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China. A total
of 7 types of base belts and 26 types of altitudinal belts are identified in the study region. The main altitudinal belt lines,
such as forest line, the upper limit of dark coniferous forest and snow line, have similar latitudinal and longitudinal spatial
patterns, namely, arched quadratic curve model with latitudes and concave quadratic curve model along longitudinal direction.
These patterns can be together called as “Hyperbolic-paraboloid model”, revealing the complexity and speciality of the environment
and ecology in the study region. This result further validates the hypnosis of a common quadratic model for spatial pattern
of mountain altitudinal belts proposed by the authors. The spatial pattern of altitudinal belts is closely related with moisture-related
exposure effect in the Hengduan Mountains. Different combinations (spectra) of altitudinal belts and different base belt types
appear in windward and leeward flanks and even in the same flanks of different ranges. This is closely related with the parallel
mountain ranges of the Hengduan Mountains, which, at nearly right angle with the moving direction of prevailing moisture-laden
air masses from west and east, hold up the warm and humid monsoon wind from moving into the core region and result in different
moisture conditions in windward and leeward flanks. However, how to quantitatively describe the moisture-related exposure
effect needs further study. In addition, the data quality and data accuracy at present also affect to some extent the result
of quantitative modeling and should be improved with RS/GIS in the future. 相似文献
799.
筛析法是测定沉积物颗粒组分的简单便捷方法,但关于振筛机对不同物料颗粒的最佳筛析时间少有报道。采用顶击式标准振筛机、1/2Φ间隔的套筛,开展了以风成沙为筛析样品、以筛析时间为变量的实验。结果表明：随着筛析时间增加,粒度参数的平均粒径和分选系数有增加且趋于平稳的趋势,但参数级别未发生改变;随筛析时间的增加,个别样品的偏度和峰度级别发生改变,其余均未改变;整体上,≥35目的筛网是决定1/2Φ间隔套筛最佳筛析时间的主要标准筛,但不同特性的风成沙颗粒对不同筛网的最佳筛析时间存在差异;为保证在筛析时间增加的过程中,粒度参数级别不再发生改变,且各筛网上的沙物质颗粒质量变化较小或趋于稳定,选取供试样品的平均最佳筛析时间作为风成沙颗粒筛析的最佳时间,建议风成沙颗粒的最佳筛析时间为14min。 相似文献
800.
辽宁省国土资源沙盘模型制作及特点 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文以辽宁省国土资源沙盘模型为例,详细介绍了现代沙盘模型的制作方法及特点。 相似文献