台湾地区生物礁及其生境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

戴昌凤 《古地理学报》2010,12(5):565-576

台湾岛位于亚洲大陆板块与菲律宾海板块的交界处,是在中新世晚期经由板块碰撞而形成的大陆 边缘岛屿。台湾岛形成初期,由于地形陡峭,地表的侵蚀速率高,在高沉积速率的环境中,并不利于碳酸盐沉 积物的形成,因此甚少珊瑚礁沉积,及至更新世和全新世才有比较具规模的珊瑚礁形成。台湾地区的更新世珊 瑚礁主要分布在台湾岛西南部高雄地区和南部恒春地区;其中,高雄地区大岗山、小岗山、半屏山和寿山等地 的珊瑚礁,可能是在逆断层前移的背斜脊高区上沉积形成,或与冷泉碳酸盐提供珊瑚礁发育的硬底质有关。台 湾岛南端恒春地区的珊瑚礁则是在更新世晚期的温暖浅海环境中沉积形成。台湾地区大部分的生物礁于全新世 沉积形成,此时期海平面上升,沉积速率降低,浅海环境适宜,因而有利于生物礁形成;但是由于各地环境条 件的差异,礁的型态也不同;台湾岛南部恒春半岛、绿岛、兰屿、澎湖列岛南部和小琉球等地有较具规模的珊 瑚礁发育,约有造礁珊瑚200～300种;台湾岛东部及澎湖列岛北部仅有块状礁或斑礁形成,造礁珊瑚约有150种;台湾岛北部和东北部浅海则有造礁珊瑚约100种,但因侵蚀作用强烈,并不成礁,属于“非礁型珊瑚群 聚”。另外,在台湾岛西北部海岸则有以无栉珊瑚藻为主体所形成的藻礁。台湾地区各地的全新世生物礁,由于 沉积时间很短,同时受到台湾地区高上升速率与高侵蚀速率的影响,礁体的厚度不足,并广泛被抬升成为海岸 地带的上升礁,且与潮下带的现生珊瑚礁互相连续。台湾岛海域造礁珊瑚的属种特别丰富,高达近300种,约 占全球珊瑚物种的三分之一,主要系因邻近全球珊瑚物种多样性最高的珊瑚大三角,而且黑潮流经台湾地区大 部分海域,把热带物种幼苗携带过来,因而造就了台湾岛海域的生物多样性。  相似文献   

砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

戴俊生  冯建伟  李明  王军 《地学前缘》2011,18(2):277-283

目前裂缝预测主要集中在对开度、密度和发育强度等参数的半定量或定量化预测方面,对裂缝的延伸规律和穿透性研究缺少深入研究。针对这种情况,文中以天山山前某油田沙泥岩间互地层为例,采用应力场数值模拟法建立应力场与裂缝参数之间的定量关系,从而实现裂缝在沙泥岩间互地层中的的延伸规律与穿透性研究。模拟结果显示,越薄的砂岩层越容易产生构造裂缝,而砂岩厚度对砂岩中产生的裂缝在泥岩中的延伸长度影响很小,几乎可以忽略,且对延伸到泥岩中裂缝的孔隙度影响也不大,即不管泥岩上下砂岩层的厚度如何,延伸到泥岩中的裂缝孔隙度变化不大,均在038％左右;砂泥岩互层处裂缝在泥岩中延伸长度一般为15~2 m,当泥岩厚度为4 m左右时,砂岩裂缝恰好无法穿透泥岩,泥岩可作为有效的封盖层。  相似文献   

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洪顺英  单新建  刘智荣  申旭辉  戴娅琼  荆凤 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(1):6-12

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戴小蕾  楼益栋  李文 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(1):53-58

??????GPS?????е??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????й?????????????????????????????????????￡?18??????????????16?????????????????????2С??????????????18??????????16??????????????GPS ?????????2????????16????4С????????????????14cm,????18????3С????????????????1cm??  相似文献   

Identification of sorption processes and parameters for radionuclide transport in fractured rock     

Zhenxue Dai  Andrew Wolfsberg  Paul Reimus  Hailin Deng  Edward Kwicklis  Mei Ding  Doug Ware  Ming Ye 《Journal of Hydrology》2012

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Water quality, nutrient budget, and pollutant loads in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farms around East Taihu Lake   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

�̴���  ��Т��  �ƺ���  ����Ӯ  ҶԪ��  ʩ�½� 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):29-36

To understand the factors causing frequent outbreaks of harmful algae blooms in the Taihu Lake, China, we studied water quality and nutrient budget in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farm ponds in the eastern part of the lake from November 2007 to December 2009. We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads. Materials input and output ponds, water exchange, and applied management practices of 838.5-hm2 crab ponds were surveyed using questionnaires. Water quality of 12 ponds, which were located no more than 2 km from East Taihu Lake, were monitored. The results show that water quality in the crab ponds was better than reference data. Feeds, including corn seed, commercial feed, trash fish, and gastropod, were the major sources of N and P input in the crab ponds, contributing 88.7% and 94.9%, respectively. In total, 60.5% of N and 37.3% of P were sequestered by macrophytes, and only 15.7% and 8.5% of them were discharged as effluent. The net loads of N and P in effluent were 16.43 kg/hm2/cycle and 2.16 kg/hm2/cycle, respectively, while the COD load was -17.88 kg/hm2/cycle. This indicated that crab farming caused minor negative impact on the trophic status of the lake area, which was attenuated by macrophytes. However, wastewater purification is still necessary in crab faming.  相似文献   

基于ICE中间件的通用测震数据库网关应用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘坚  高景春  戴苗  缪发军  陈智勇 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(2):145-151

提出基于ICE测震数据库通用网关的构建方法,利用ICE可扩展性、可重用性、支持多种编程语言和分布式部署的特点,结合分布式中间件技术,定义开发一系列读写操作测震数据库通用接口,为测震数据应用提供多元化服务,实现业务逻辑与数据库访问相分离,同时增强测震业务系统的可扩展性与安全性.该数据库网关在全国测震实际相关业务系统中取得较好的应用效果.  相似文献   

县域特色产业形成和演化机理研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王岱  蔺雪芹  司月芳  余建辉 《地理科学进展》2013,32(7):1113-1122

培育壮大县域特色产业是中国统筹区域城乡发展的战略重点之一, 研究县域特色产业也是区域可持续发展研究的重要内容。本文从理论视角、热点领域、研究方法3 个方面对近年来县域特色产业研究的重点进行了梳理。县域特色产业作为区域优势和产业特点的结合产物, 相关研究的理论视角基本属于人地关系地域系统的基础理论体系, 同时借鉴了生态学、系统学理论观点和分析框架, 为清晰刻画产业内外影响因子的共栖关系和互动效应提供了有效途径。从研究领域上看, 关注点从地方经济发展到全球生产网络、从传统影响因素到新因素, 与时俱进, 但是宏观研究和微观研究相互脱节现象突出, 在一定程度上影响了研究成果的实践指导意义。从研究方法上看, 相关研究正在从以定性描述和逻辑推理为主, 向定性和定量相结合的综合集成方法应用转变, 但受到数据可获取性的限制, 现象和变化趋势的驱动机制分析的技术方法亟待完善。  相似文献   

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陈俊华  姚运生  吴海波  吴建超  申学林  魏贵春  戴苗  赵凌云 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(2):31-34

??2012??10??31??????????????M_L3.8С????????о?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10 km??????????????????????????????С??????????5 km???Χ???????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

Seismic damage to structures in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>6.5 Ludian earthquake     

Hao Chen  Quancai Xie  Boyang Dai  Haoyu Zhang  Hongfu Chen 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2016,15(1):173-186

On 3 August 2014, the Ludian earthquake struck northwest Yunnan Province with a surface wave magnitude of 6.5. This moderate earthquake unexpectedly caused high fatalities and great economic loss. Four strong motion stations were located in the areas with intensity V, VI, VII and IX, near the epicentre. The characteristics of the ground motion are discussed herein, including 1) ground motion was strong at a period of less than 1.4 s, which covered the natural vibration period of a large number of structures; and 2) the release energy was concentrated geographically. Based on materials collected during emergency building inspections, the damage patterns of adobe, masonry, timber frame and reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures in areas with different intensities are summarised. Earthquake damage matrices of local buildings are also given for fragility evaluation and earthquake damage prediction. It is found that the collapse ratios of RC frame and confined masonry structures based on the new design code are significantly lower than non-seismic buildings. However, the RC frame structures still failed to achieve the ‘strong column, weak beam’ design target. Traditional timber frame structures with a light infill wall showed good aseismic performance.  相似文献