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The effects of organic acids on the dissolution of silicate minerals: A case study of oxalate catalysis of kaolinite dissolution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jordi Cama 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(9):2191-2209
Most studies agree that the dissolution rate of aluminosilicates in the presence of oxalic and other simple carboxylic acids is faster than the rate with non-organic acid under the same pH. However, the mechanisms by which organic ligands enhance the dissolution of minerals are in debate. The main goal of this paper was to study the mechanism that controls the dissolution rate of kaolinite in the presence of oxalate under far from equilibrium conditions (−29 < ΔGr < −18 kcal mol−1). Two types of experiments were performed: non-stirred flow-through dissolution experiments and batch type adsorption isotherms. All the experiments were conducted at pH 2.5-3.5 in a thermostatic water-bath held at a constant temperature of 25.0, 50.0 or 70.0 ± 0.1 °C. Kaolinite dissolution rates were obtained based on the release of silicon and aluminum at steady state. The results show good agreement between these two estimates of kaolinite dissolution rate. At constant temperature, there is a general trend of increase in the overall dissolution rate as a function of the total concentration of oxalate in solution. The overall kaolinite dissolution rates in the presence of oxalate was up to 30 times faster than the dissolution rate of kaolinite at the same temperature and pH without oxalate as was observed in our previous study. Therefore, these rate differences are related to differences in oxalate and aluminum concentrations. Within the experimental variability, the oxalate adsorption at 25, 50, and 70 °C showed the same dependence on the sum of the activities of oxalate and bioxalate in solution. The change of oxalate concentration on the kaolinite surface (Cs,ox) as a function of the sum of the activities of the oxalate and bioxalate in solution may be described by the general adsorption isotherm:
63.
Hosein Haghi Holger Baumgardt Pavel Kroupa Eva K. Grebel Michael Hilker Katrin Jordi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(3):1549-1557
We investigate the mean velocity dispersion and the velocity dispersion profile of stellar systems in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), using the N -body code n-mody , which is a particle-mesh-based code with a numerical MOND potential solver developed by Ciotti, Londrillo & Nipoti. We have calculated mean velocity dispersions for stellar systems following Plummer density distributions with masses in the range of 104 to 109 M⊙ and which are either isolated or immersed in an external field. Our integrations reproduce previous analytic estimates for stellar velocities in systems in the deep MOND regime ( a i , a e ≪ a 0 ) , where the motion of stars is either dominated by internal accelerations ( a i ≫ a e ) or constant external accelerations ( a e ≫ a i ) . In addition, we derive for the first time analytic formulae for the line-of-sight velocity dispersion in the intermediate regime ( a i ∼ a e ∼ a 0 ) . This allows for a much-improved comparison of MOND with observed velocity dispersions of stellar systems. We finally derive the velocity dispersion of the globular cluster Pal 14 as one of the outer Milky Way halo globular clusters that have recently been proposed as a differentiator between Newtonian and MONDian dynamics. 相似文献
64.
Santiago Torres Enrique García-Berro Jordi Isern 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(4):1461-1470
The disc white dwarf luminosity function is an important tool for studying the solar neighbourhood, since it allows the determination of several Galactic parameters, the most important one being the age of the Galactic disc. However, only the method has been employed so far for observationally determining the white dwarf luminosity function, whereas for other kind of luminosity functions several other methods have been frequently used. Moreover, the procedures to determine the white dwarf luminosity function are not free of biases. These biases have two different origins: they can either be of statistical nature or a consequence of the measurement errors. In a previous paper we carried out an in-depth study of the first category of biases for several luminosity function estimators. In this paper we focus on the biases introduced by the measurement errors and on the effects of the degree of contamination of the input sample used to build the disc white dwarf luminosity function by different kinematical populations. To assess the extent of these biases we use a Monte Carlo simulator to generate a controlled synthetic population and analyse the behaviour of the disc white dwarf luminosity function for several assumptions about the magnitude of the measurement errors and for several degrees of contamination, comparing the performances of the most robust luminosity function estimators under such conditions. 相似文献
65.
新疆萨日达拉金矿地质特征及成因探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
萨日达拉金矿是新近发现的一个成矿机制和控矿因素都与韧性剪切带密切相关的金矿床，具有独特的成矿特征。文章对萨日达拉金矿的地质特征和作用特征进行了较系统的研究，结合矿区不同岩石的痕量金、自然金和硫化物的成分及硫化物的硫同位素、铅同位素测试结果，对矿床的形成过程进行了详细讨论。研究表明，萨日达拉金矿与胜利达坂韧性剪切带在空间、时间及成因上密切相关，属典型的韧性剪切带型金矿，成矿具有多期、多阶段和多物源的特点，韧性剪切变形、热液活动及其成矿构成了统一的韧性剪切成岩成矿作用过程。对于一个含金韧性剪切带系统，不论是垂向上还是横向上，强变形区段都是成矿元素活化、迁出的区段，而低应变－中等应变部位以及不同强度应变带的过渡部位才是含金流体中的金富集、沉淀成矿的最有利部位，也是寻找大型矿床、矿体的有利部位。 相似文献
66.
新疆胜利达坂金矿区韧性剪切带与金矿关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
胜利达坂韧性剪切带是胜利达坂金矿区主要的控矿和容矿构造，控制着区内矿床、矿体及矿化体的分布。矿体、矿化体主要产于剪切带内的Ｄ、Ｐ、Ｒ型剪切裂隙中。成矿与剪切带的演化密切相关。成矿的有利部位是剪切带的边缘及次级剪切带问的过渡地带，它们是剪切带内应力梯度变化大的地带。 相似文献
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70.
Parameterization of Entrainment in a Sheared Convective Boundary Layer Using a First-order Jump Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Si-Wan Kim Soon-Ung Park David Pino Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,120(3):455-475
Basic entrainment equations applicable to the sheared convective boundary layer (CBL) are derived by assuming an inversion layer with a finite depth, i.e., the first-order jump model. Large-eddy simulation data are used to determine the constants involved in the parameterizations of the entrainment equations. Based on the integrated turbulent kinetic energy budget from surface to the top of the CBL, the resulting entrainment heat flux normalized by surface heat flux is a function of the inversion layer depth, the velocity jumps across the inversion layer, the friction velocity, and the convection velocity. The developed first-order jump model is tested against large-eddy simulation data of two independent cases with different inversion strengths. In both cases, the model reproduces quite reasonably the evolution of the CBL height, virtual potential temperature, and velocity components in the mixed layer and in the inversion layer.The part of this work was done when the first author visited at NCAR. 相似文献