Diatom species variation between lake habitats: implications for interpretation of paleolimnological records     

Sergi Pla-Rabés  Jordi Catalan 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2018,60(2):169-187

A sample of a sediment record contains diatom species that have grown in disparate habitats and eventually accumulated in a deep part of the lake. The original habitats may differ in substrate, depth location, and availability of resources. Identifying the species characteristic of each habitat should improve our ecological and environmental interpretation of the sediment record by distinguishing habitat specific responses. With this aim, we studied the benthic diatom communities of a deep oligotrophic lake across several habitats. The main source of variation in the diatom composition was the substrate type; particularly, sediment biofilms. Depth was the second factor. The thermocline defined a shift in diatom communities that also included changes in the dominant lifeforms. A third factor was the mesoscale heterogeneity (i.e., rock sides). Although most species were present in many habitats, characteristic species were identified for all the main habitats and used for an improved interpretation of the deep sediment record. Appropriate standardization showed increasing species richness and diversity from epilimnetic epilithic samples to hypolimnetic sediment samples. We estimate that more than 5000 valve counts are required for appropriate comparisons. Consequently, in sediment records with lower counts per sample, one has to amalgamate samples—losing temporal resolution—to achieve reliable analyses of diversity changes over time. Deep sediment samples are representative of the gamma-diversity of the lake diatom metacommunity, which result from the local alpha diversity of the habitats and the beta-diversity of the variability in composition among them. This double source of diversity has to be taken into account when using the sediment record for estimating lake biodiversity changes. On the other hand, we show that an estimation of the spatial (habitat) heterogeneity of a reconstructed environmental variable can be achieved using subsets of species characteristic of each habitat. We demonstrate the procedure by reconstructing the pH fluctuations during the last 200 years in several habitats from a single sediment record. The results are coherent with the expected differences between predominantly trophogenic or tropholithic habitats.  相似文献   

Variscan terrane of deep-crustal granulite facies in Yushugou area, southern Tianshan   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Runsan Wang  Dingwu Zhou  Juli Wang  Yan Wang  Yangjie Liu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(5):482-490

The Yushugou terrane of deepcrustal granulite facies in southern Tianshan consists of two parts, granulite and metaperidotite. The whole terrane is a metamorphism of (high-pressure) grunulite facies, and typical mineral associations are: Gt-Cpx-P1-Tit-Ilm (±Qz) (silica-saturated and oversaturated mafic rocks), Gt-Ky (pseudomorph)-P1-Ru-Ilm± Qz (metapelitic rocks) and Spi-Opx-Cpx-01 (meta-ultramafic rocks). The peak-stage P-T conditions are 795— 964°, 0.97—1.42 GPa, which are obtained with mineral chemistry, assemblage analyses and P-T estimation. The Sm-Nd isochron age of peak-stage metamorphic minerals is (315 ± 3.62) Ma. All of these indicate that the terrane is a deep-crustal body, which subducts to the depth of 40—50 km in the middle late-Paleozoic, undergoing metamorphism of (high-pressure) granulite facies, and exhumed again to the surface by tectonic uplifting. Project supported hy the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49472135).  相似文献   

An operational forecasting system for physical processes in the Santos-Sao Vicente-Bertioga Estuarine System,Southeast Brazil     

Costa  Carine G. R.  Leite  José Roberto B.  Castro  Belmiro M.  Blumberg  Alan F.  Georgas  Nickitas  Dottori  Marcelo  Jordi  Antoni 《Ocean Dynamics》2020,70(2):257-271

Ocean Dynamics - We describe the design, implementation, and performance of a fully automated Santos Operational Forecasting System (SOFS), built to monitor and predict short-term (< 3 days)...  相似文献   

Estimates of Horizontal Groundwater Flow Velocities in Boreholes     

Martí Bayer-Raich  Anthony Credoz  Jordi Guimerà  Salvador Jordana  Diego Sampietro  Jordi Font-Capó  Nathalie Nief  Matthieu Grossemy 《Ground water》2019,57(4):525-533

Currently, monitoring tools can be deployed in observation boreholes to better assess groundwater flow, flux of dissolved contaminants and their mass discharge in an aquifer. The relationship between horizontal water velocity in observation boreholes and Darcy fluxes in the surrounding aquifer has been studied for natural flow conditions (i.e., no pumping). Interpretation of measurements taken with dilution tests, the colloidal borescope, the Heat Pulse Flowmeter, and other techniques require the conversion of observed borehole velocity u to aquifer Darcy flux q_∞ . This conversion is typically done through a proportionality factor α = u/q_∞ . In experimental studies as well as in theoretical developments, reported values of α vary almost three orders of magnitude (from 0.5 to 10). This large variability in reported values of α could be explained by: (1) unclear distinction between Darcy flux and water seepage velocity, (2) unclear definition of water velocity in the borehole, (3) effects of well screen and the presence of the measurement device itself on the observable velocities, and (4) hydraulic conditions in the borehole annulus. We address (1), (2) from a conceptual/theoretical perspective, and (3) by means of numerical simulations. We show that issue (1) in low porosity aquifers can yield to order-of-magnitude discrepancies in estimates of q_∞ ; (2) may result in discrepancies of up to 50%, and (3) can cause differences up to 20% of water velocity in the borehole void space compared to the theoretical case of an open borehole.  相似文献   

Post‐fire hydrological response and suspended sediment transport of a terraced Mediterranean catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Julián García‐Comendador  Josep Fortesa  Aleix Calsamiglia  Adolfo Calvo‐Cases  Joan Estrany 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(14):2254-2265

In July 2013, a wildfire severely affected the western part of the island of Mallorca (Spain). During the first three post‐fire hydrological years, when the window of disturbance tends to be more open, the hydrological and sediment delivery processes and dynamics were assessed in a representative catchment intensively shaped by terracing that covered 37% of its surface area. A nested approach was applied with two gauging stations (covering 1.2 km² and 4.8 km²) built in September 2013 that took continuous measurements of rainfall, water and sediment yield. Average suspended sediment concentration (1503 mg L^?1) and the maximum peak (33 618 mg L^?1) were two orders of magnitude higher than those obtained in non‐burned terraced catchments of Mallorca. This factor may be related to changes in soils and the massive incorporation of ash into the suspended sediment flux during the most extreme post‐fire event; 50 mm of rainfall in 15 min, reaching an erosivity of 2886 MJ mm ha^?1 h^?1. Moreover, hysteretic counter‐clockwise loops were predominant (60%), probably related to the increased sensitivity of the landscape after wildfire perturbation. Though the study period was average in terms of total annual precipitation (even higher in intensities), minimal runoff (2%) and low sediment yield (6.3 t km^?2 y^?1) illustrated how the intrinsic characteristics of the catchment, i.e. calcareous soils, terraces and the application of post‐fire measures, limited the hydrosedimentary response despite the wildfire impact. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Particle fluxes dynamics in Blanes submarine canyon (Northwestern Mediterranean)     

Diana Zúñiga  M. Mar Flexas  Anna Sanchez-Vidal  Johan Coenjaerts  Antoni Calafat  Gabriel Jordà  Jordi García-Orellana  Joan Puigdefàbregas  Miquel Canals  Manuel Espino  Francesc Sardà  Joan B. Company 《Progress in Oceanography》2009,82(4):239-251

Within the framework of the multidisciplinary RECS project and with the aim of describing the particle flux transfer from the continental shelf to the deep basin, an array of five mooring lines equipped with a total of five pairs of PPS3/3 sequential-sampling sediment traps and RCM-7/8 current meters were deployed 30 m above the bottom from March 2003 to March 2004 inside and outside the Blanes Canyon. One mooring line was located in the upper canyon at 600 m depth, one in the canyon axis at 1700 m depth and other two close to the canyon walls at 900 m depth. A fifth mooring line was deployed in the continental open slope at 1500 m water depth.The highest near-bottom downward particle flux (14.50 g m⁻² d⁻¹) was recorded at the trap located in the upper canyon (M1), where continental inputs associated with the presence of the Tordera River are most relevant. On the other hand, the downward fluxes (4.35 g m⁻² d⁻¹) in the canyon axis (M2) were of the same order as those found in the western flank (M3) of the canyon. Both values were clearly higher than the value (1.95 g m⁻² d⁻¹) recorded at the eastern canyon wall (M4). The open slope (M5) mass flux (5.42 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) recorded by the sediment trap located outside the canyon system was three orders of magnitude lower than the other values registered by the inner canyon stations. The relevance of our data is that it explains how the transport pathway in the canyon occurs through its western flank, where a more active and persistent current toward the open ocean was recorded over the entire year of the experiment.Off-shelf sediment transport along the canyon axis showed clear differences during the period of the study, with some important events leading to strong intensifications of the current coupled with large transport of particle fluxes to the deepest parts of the canyon. Such events are primarily related to increases in river discharge and the occurrence of strong storms and cascading events during the winter.In summary, in this study it is shown that the dynamics of the water masses and the currents in the study area convert the sharp western flank of the Blanes Canyon in a more active region that favors erosion processes than the eastern flank, which has a smoother topography and where the absence of erosional conditions yields to steadier sedimentary processes.  相似文献   

珠江口水域化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

杨美兰  林钦  黄洪辉  甘居利  蔡文贵  吕晓瑜  王增焕  李纯厚  杜飞雁 《海洋通报》2005,24(4):22-26

2002年5月和8月对珠江口伶仃洋水域水质化学耗氧量（COD）进行了调查研究,结果表明：该水域近期COD含量变幅在0.41～2.72mg/L之间,平均值为1．21mg/L;区域分布呈北部向南部水域逐渐递减以及近岸水域含量大于远岸的变化趋势;夏季COD的含量高于春季：以我国Ⅰ类海水水质COD含量≤2mg／L标准评价,超标率为15％;COD含量与同期（春、夏季）的悬浮物含量呈正相关性,与无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量在夏季呈负相关性。  相似文献   

A spatio-temporal econometric model of regional growth in Spain   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Miguel A. Márquez  Julián Ramajo  Geoffrey J. D. Hewings 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2010,12(2):207-226

In this paper, a combined cross-section and time-series econometric analysis of Spanish regional growth is presented. This analysis operates with a database where the number of cross-sectional units is small for a typical panel of data, while the time dimension is clearly dominant. First, using recent techniques in the econometric analysis of panel data (both panel unit root and panel co-integration tests), a co-integrating relationship between the level of regional output and the level of regional input factors is found, and the steady-state equilibrium production function is estimated. Second, a dynamic spatio-temporal panel error correction model is used in order to describe the short-run regional growth adjustment process in space and time. As conclusion, it is possible to identify significant spatial effects in the Spanish regional growth after controlling for temporal variation of the implied variables.  相似文献   

Comparison between Eulerian diagnostics and finite-size Lyapunov exponents computed from altimetry in the Algerian basin     

Francesco d’Ovidio  Jordi Isern-Fontanet  Cristóbal López  Emilio Hernández-García  Emilio García-Ladona 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(1):15-31

Transport and mixing properties of surface currents can be detected from altimetric data by both Eulerian and Lagrangian diagnostics. In contrast with Eulerian diagnostics, Lagrangian tools like the local Lyapunov exponents have the advantage of exploiting both spatial and temporal variability of the velocity field and are in principle able to unveil subgrid filaments generated by chaotic stirring. However, one may wonder whether this theoretical advantage is of practical interest in real-data, mesoscale and sub-mesoscale analysis, because of the uncertainties and resolution of altimetric products, and the non-passive nature of biogeochemical tracers. Here we compare the ability of standard Eulerian diagnostics and the finite-size Lyapunov exponent in detecting instantaneous and climatological transport and mixing properties in the south-western Mediterranean. By comparing with sea-surface temperature patterns, we find that the two approaches provide similar results for slowly evolving eddies like the first Alboran gyre. However, the Lyapunov exponent is also able to predict the (sub-)mesoscale filamentary processes occurring along the Algerian current and above the Balearic Abyssal Plain. Such filaments are also observed, with some mismatch, in sea-surface temperature patterns. Climatologies of Lyapunov exponents do not show any compact relation with other Eulerian diagnostics, unveiling a different structure even at the basin scale. We conclude that filamentation dynamics can be detected by reprocessing available altimetric data with Lagrangian tools, giving insight into (sub-)mesoscale stirring processes relevant to tracer observations and complementing traditional Eulerian diagnostics.  相似文献   

Linear and non-linear T–S models for the eastern North Atlantic from Argo data: Role of surface salinity observations     

Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy  Baptiste Mourre  Emilio Garcia-Ladona  Antonio Turiel  Jordi Font 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(10):1605-1614

Linear and non-linear empirical models for salinity (S) are estimated from the Argo temperature (T) and salinity (delayed) data. This study focuses on the reconstruction of salinity in the upper 1200 m of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region characterized by the presence of many different water masses. While previous studies have found it necessary to split this region by boxes to fit different polynomial models in each box, a unique model valid for the entire region is fitted here. Argo profiles are randomly distributed on two sets: one for fitting the models and one for testing them. Non-linear regressions are built using neural networks with a single hidden layer and the fitting data set is further divided into two subsets: one for adjusting the coefficients (training data) and one for early stopping of the fitting (validation data). Our results indicate that linear regressions perform better than the climatologic T–S relationship, but that non-linear regressions perform better than the linear ones. Non-linear training using a three-data subsets strategy successfully prevents overfitting even when networks with 90 neurons in the hidden layer are being trained. While the presence of local minima may complicate the generalization of non-linear models to new data, network committees (created by training the same network from different random initial weights) are shown to better reproduce the test data. Several predictors are tested, and the results show that geographical, or surface, information does provide significant information. These results highlight the potential applications of future satellite missions measuring sea-surface salinity to reconstruct, when combined with temperature profiles, vertical salinity profiles.  相似文献