南天山西部山前新生代晚期三期构造活动:来自乌鲁克恰提剖面砾石统计的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘聃  陈汉林  林秀斌  Karl-Heinz WYRWOLL  Geoffrey E BATT  程晓敢  李康  王芳 《岩石学报》2012,28(8):2414-2422

天山是印度与欧亚板块碰撞过程中,欧亚大陆内重新复活的一条重要的造山带,其拓展过程一直备受关注.南天山西部山前新生代晚期巨厚的砾岩层为构造变形和磁性地层研究带来了困难,限制了该地区新生代晚期造山带拓展过程的研究.本文选取南天山西部山前乌鲁克恰提剖面,对新生代晚期的阿图什组和西域组地层进行详细的描述、测量,并对砾石出露点进行砾石统计.结果显示南天山西部山前乌鲁克恰提地区新生代晚期阿图什组存在3期沉积旋回,第一旋回由冲积扇远端、河流相变为该旋回上部的冲积扇扇中沉积环境.砾石统计结果显示由该旋回中部至上部砾石磨圆度变差、大粒径砾石增多.第二旋回沉积环境以较为平静的湖相及少许河流相开始,变为该旋回上部的冲积扇环境.砾石统计结果也显示出与第一旋回相似的变化特征,即由该旋回中部至上部砾石磨圆度变差、大粒径砾石增多.第三旋回下部为冲积扇远端、冲积扇扇中环境,上部变为扇根环境.砾石统计显示该旋回下部至上部,火成岩和变质岩等不稳定成分增多,磨圆度则呈现棱角状砾石显著增多的趋势,砾石粒径也明显增大.西域组则延续第三旋回的趋势,表现为山前快速堆积砾石沉积,砾石磨圆、分选呈显著变差趋势,粒径持续变大.从阿图什组第一旋回至西域组,砾石的磨圆度呈现变差的趋势,而粒径则表现为明显的增大趋势,这表明晚新生代(5.6Ma以来),褶皱冲断带不断向盆地拓展,物源区距离沉积区越来越近.这些结果表明南天山西部山前新生代晚期(5.6Ma以来)存在3期构造活动,为南天山山前晚新生代的多期拓展提供了证据.  相似文献   

Chlorophyll determination of phytoplankton: A comparison of in vivo fluorescence with spectrophotometric absorption     

Maerker  Marilyn; Szekielda  Karl-Heinz 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1976,36(3):217-219

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Sensitivity of the Australian summer monsoon to tilt and precession forcing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll  Zhengyu Liu  Guangshan Chen  John E. Kutzbach  Xiaodong Liu 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(25-28):3043-3057

The response of the Australian summer monsoon to orbital forcing is studied using a coupled General Circulation Model (GCM) with the focus on the relative roles of tilt and precession on the forcing of the northern Australian summer monsoon. It was found that unlike the Northern Hemisphere monsoons, which are dominated by precession forcing, the Australian monsoon can be enhanced significantly not only by precession forcing, but also by tilt forcing coupled to oceanic feedback. The new insights obtained from a series of experiments with differing tilt-precession configurations allow an interpretation of the Australian Late Quaternary monsoon record in which insolation forcing plays a significant role.  相似文献   

Effects of topographic–isostatic masses on gravitational functionals at the Earth’s surface and at airborne and satellite altitudes     

Atef A. Makhloof  Karl-Heinz Ilk 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(2):93-111

Topographic–isostatic masses represent an important source of gravity field information, especially in the high-frequency band, even if the detailed mass-density distribution inside the topographic masses is unknown. If this information is used within a remove-restore procedure, then the instability problems in downward continuation of gravity observations from aircraft or satellite altitudes can be reduced. In this article, integral formulae are derived for determination of gravitational effects of topographic–isostatic masses on the first- and second-order derivatives of the gravitational potential for three topographic–isostatic models. The application of these formulas is useful for airborne gravimetry/gradiometry and satellite gravity gradiometry. The formulas are presented in spherical approximation by separating the 3D integration in an analytical integration in the radial direction and 2D integration over the mean sphere. Therefore, spherical volume elements can be considered as being approximated by mass-lines located at the centre of the discretization compartments (the mass of the tesseroid is condensed mathematically along its vertical axis). The errors of this approximation are investigated for the second-order derivatives of the topographic–isostatic gravitational potential in the vicinity of the Earth’s surface. The formulas are then applied to various scenarios of airborne gravimetry/gradiometry and satellite gradiometry. The components of the gravitational vector at aircraft altitudes of 4 and 10 km have been determined, as well as the gravitational tensor components at a satellite altitude of 250 km envisaged for the forthcoming GOCE (gravity field and steady-state ocean-circulation explorer) mission. The numerical computations are based on digital elevation models with a 5-arc-minute resolution for satellite gravity gradiometry and 1-arc-minute resolution for airborne gravity/gradiometry.  相似文献   

On the timing and forcing mechanism of a mid-Miocene arid climate transition at the NE margins of the Tibetan Plateau: stratigraphic and sedimentologic evidence from the Sikouzi Section     

Xiubin Lin  Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll  Hanlin Chen  Xiaogan Cheng 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(3):1039-1049

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Bedload entrainment,travel lengths,step lengths,rest periods—studied with passive (iron,magnetic) and active (radio) tracer techniques     

Karl-Heinz Schmidt  Peter Ergenzinger 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(2):147-165

This paper reports results from bedload transport investigations with active (radio) and passive (iron, magnetic) tracers in the Lainbach, a step-pool mountain river, in Bavaria, Southern Germany. The spatial distributions of the iron tracers after flood events can be best described by exponential or Gamma distributions. There is some indication of a tendency of size-selective transport of the iron tracers, but there is also a considerable amount of scatter in the correlations between weight (size) and travel length owing to the masking influence of other variables, such as the shape of the particles and different positions in the river bed. The experiments with artificial magnetic tracers showed that elongated pebbles (rods) had the longest mean transport distance, platy ones (discs) remained relatively close to the starting points. The particles from the pool showed the greatest transport lengths and a 100 per cent chance of being eroded. The Pebble Transmitter System (PETSY) consists of transmitters implanted into individual pebbles, a computerized receiver, a stationary antenna system with an antenna switchboard, and a data logging system. The particles do not move continuously but in a series of transport steps and non-movement intervals. A single value for a given size-class is not adequate to describe the critical conditions of entrainment under natural circumstances. A probability approach is much more suitable. The critical unit discharges (total discharge divided by active channel width) along the measuring reach are dependent on river bed morphology. In the steps bedload needs higher unit discharges to be entrained. Once entrained, the transport of bedload is stochastic in nature and the single particle transport is controlled by the step lengths and the duration of rest periods. The distributions of both parameters can be approximated by exponential functions. Applying the stochastic concept proposed by Einstein the mean values of the random variables [step length] and [duration of rest period] measured with the PETSY technique were used for the simulation of spatial distributions of bedload particles from point sources. More field and laboratory data are needed to include varying flow and roughness conditions with tracers representing different particle characteristics.  相似文献   

Sorption ausgewählter Schwermetallionen aus wäßriger Lösung an Kraftwerksaschen     

V. Ender  J. Bosholm  S. Erb 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1988,16(2):197-203

The sorption of Co(II)., Mn(II)- and Fe(II)-ions from aqueous solution on three power plant ashes was investigated in dependence on pH-value and solution concentration. Sorption increases with rising pH-value and increasing solution concentration. The results can be interpreted with the pH-dependent occurrence of the hydrolysis products of the metal ions in solution and their reaction with the ash phase.  相似文献   

Zur zeitlichen Variation des Metallgehaltes in der Galaxis     

Karl-Heinz Schmidt  Sidney Den Bergh 《Astronomische Nachrichten》1968,291(3):115-124

The two oldest known open clusters, NGC 188 and M67, are observed to have a higher heavy-element abundance than the sun and the stars in the Hyades. This observation might be explained by assuming that these clusters were formed from unusually dusty and hence metal-rich interstellar clouds. Alternatively it may be supposed that the radiation pressure produced by stars in the spiral arms of the Galaxy ejected dust from high-latitude clouds. The calculations presented in this paper show that the loss of dust from such clouds might just be sufficient to produce a significant decrease in the mean heavy-element abundance of the interstellar gas. According to this picture, the first burst of star formation in the Galaxy led to a rapid increase in the interstellar heavy-element abundance. Subsequently, the metal abundance of the interstellar gas decreased due to the radiation pressure by young stars. The present rate of change of the heavy-element abundance in the Galaxy depends on the ratio of heavy-element production by stars to ejection of these elements by radiation pressure on dust grains. Since noble gases do not condense on grains, the neon abundance in the interstellar gas should be a monotonously increasing function of time. The observation that the neon abundance in the sun is much lower than that in young stars and nebulae lends some support to the suggestion that ejection of grains from the Galaxy effects the heavy-element abundance in the interstellar gas.  相似文献   

M.F. Bode (ed.): Robotic Observatories. Wiley - Praxis Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics. X + 158 pp. 35.-GBP. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, 1995. ISBN 0–471–95690–2     

Karl-Heinz Schmidt 《Astronomische Nachrichten》1998,319(5):308-308

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Using embodied HANPP to analyze teleconnections in the global land system: Conceptual considerations     

Helmut Haberl  Karl-Heinz Erb  Fridolin Krausmann  Stefan Berecz  Nikolaus Ludwiczek  Joan Martínez-Alier 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):119-130

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 109(2):119–130, 2009

In our rapidly globalizing world economy activities in one region have increasingly important effects on ecological, economic or social processes elsewhere, an effect which we here denote as ‘teleconnections’ between different regions. Biomass trade, one of the causes behind such teleconnections, is currently growing exponentially. Integrated analyses of changes in the global land system are high on the agenda of sustainability science, but a methodological framework for a consistent allocation of environmental burdens related to the consumption and production of biomass between regions has not been put forth to date. The concept of the ‘embodied human appropriation of net primary production’ (abbreviated ‘embodied HANPP’ or ‘eHANPP’) allows for the assessment of the ‘upstream’ effects on ecosystem energetics associated with a particular level of biomass consumption or with a given biomass-based product. This concept is based on HANPP and its two components: (1) productivity changes resulting from land conversion (ΔNPP_LC), and (2) harvest of biomass in ecosystems (NPP_h). HANPP, defined as the sum of ΔANPP_LC and NPP_h in any given territory, is indicative of the intensity with which humans use the land for their purposes. eHANPP is defined as the NPP appropriated in the course of biomass production, encompassing losses along the production chain as well as productivity changes induced through land conversion or harvest. By making the pressure exerted on ecosystems associated with imports and exports visible, eHANPP allows for the analysis of teleconnections between producing and consuming regions. This article puts forward the eHANPP concept, illustrates its utility for integrated socioecological land-change research based on top-down data on global HANPP and biomass consumption, and discusses the possibilities and challenges related to its quantification in bottom-up approaches.  相似文献