Bimodal Transport of a Waste Water Plume Injected into Saline Ground Water of the Florida Keys   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kevin S. Dillon  D. Reide Corbett  Jeffrey P. Chanton  William C. Burnett  Lee Kump 《Ground water》2000,38(4):624-634

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GEOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA *     

Isaac Sindiga  G. Wesley Burnett 《The Professional geographer》1988,40(2):232-237

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Use of Multiple Chemical Tracers to Define Habitat Use of Indo-Pacific Mangrove Crab, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla Serrata</Emphasis> (Decapoda: Portunidae)     

Amanda W. J. Demopoulos  Nicole Cormier  Katherine C. Ewel  Brian Fry 《Estuaries and Coasts》2008,31(2):371-381

The mangrove or mud crab, Scylla serrata, is an important component of mangrove fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific. Understanding crab diets and habitat use should assist in managing these fisheries and could provide additional justification for conservation of the mangrove ecosystem itself. We used multiple chemical tracers to test whether crab movements were restricted to local mangrove forests, or extended to include adjacent seagrass beds and reef flats. We sampled three mangrove forests on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia at Lelu Harbor, Okat River, and Utwe tidal channel. Samples of S. serrata and likely food sources were analyzed for stable carbon (δ¹³C), nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), and sulfur (δ³⁴S) isotopes. Scylla serrata tissues also were analyzed for phosphorus (P), cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na), and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B). Discriminant analysis indicated that at least 87% of the crabs remain in each site as distinct populations. Crab stable isotope values indicated potential differences in habitat use within estuaries. Values for δ¹³C and δ³⁴S in crabs from Okat and Utwe were low and similar to values expected from animals feeding within mangrove forests, e.g., feeding on infauna that had average δ¹³C values near −26.5‰. In contrast, crabs from Lelu had higher δ¹³C and δ³⁴S values, with average values of −21.8 and 7.8‰, respectively. These higher isotope values are consistent with increased crab foraging on reef flats and seagrasses. Given that S. serrata have been observed feeding on adjacent reef and seagrass environments on Kosrae, it is likely that they move in and out of the mangroves for feeding. Isotope mixing model results support these conclusions, with the greatest mangrove ecosystem contribution to S. serrata diet occurring in the largest mangrove forests. Conserving larger island mangrove forests (> 1 km deep) appears to support crab foraging activities.  相似文献   

‘Fire in the House’: Gendered experiences of drunkenness and violence in Siem Reap, Cambodia     

Katherine Brickell   《Geoforum》2008,39(5):1667-1675

After decades of turmoil and international isolation, Cambodia has embarked on a threefold transition: from armed conflict to peace, from political authoritarianism to liberal democracy, and from a socialist economic system to one based on market-driven capitalist growth. In this context of transition, the paper explores the perceived linkages that exist between drinking, drunkenness and gender-based violence in rural and urban Siem Reap, home to the global tourism site of Angkor. By considering the ways in which men and women relate alcohol use with violence, the paper questions what implications these social constructions have for tackling gender-based violence and concludes that challenging such external explanations for violence is needed in order for gender-based violence to be understood as the struggle for equality in men and women’s everyday lives.  相似文献   

Experimental determination of U and Th partitioning between clinopyroxene and natural and synthetic basaltic liquid   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T.Z. LaTourrette  D.S. Burnett 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1992,110(1-4):227-244

Clinopyroxene-silicate liquid partition coefficients for U and Th have been determined by particle track radiography from 1 atm crystallization experiments at controlledfO₂. Two natural basaltic and one synthetic composition were studied atfO₂ values from the NiNiO oxygen buffer to 1 log unit more oxidizing than FeFeO (IW+ 1). Over the range offO₂ values and compositions studied,D_U^cpx/liq = 0.0034–0.015,D_Th^cpx/liq = 0.008–0.036, andD_ThD_U= 3.4–1.1. With decreasingfO₂,D_ThD_U can decrease by up to a factor of 3 for a given composition, primarily from an increase inD_U^cpx/liq, which we interpret as resulting from an increase in the proportion of tetravalent U in the system with decreasingfO₂. This demonstrates that crystal-liquid UTh fractionation isfO₂ dependent and that U in terrestrial magmas is not entirely tetravalent.D_Th^cpx/liq appears to decrease in the two basalts at the lowestfO₂, possibly as a result of changes in composition withfO₂.

Our data show the sense of UTh fractionation by clinopyroxene-liquid partitioning is consistent with previous experimental determinations, in thatD_Th^cpxD_U^cpx> 1 in all cases. This indicates that, during partial melting, the liquid will have aTh/U ratio less than the clinopyroxene in the source. The observed²³⁸U²³⁰Th disequilibrium in MORB requires that the partial melt should have aTh/U ratio greater than the bulk source, and, therefore, cannot result from clinopyroxene-liquid partitioning. Further, the magnitudes of the measured partition coefficients are too small to generate significant UTh fractionation in either direction. Assuming that clinopyroxene contains the bulk of the U and Th in MORB source, our results indicate that²³⁸U²³⁰Th disequilibrium in MORB may not be caused by partial melting at all.  相似文献   

Privacy and Ethics in Undergraduate GIS Curricula     

Peter Scull  Adam Burnett  Emmalee Dolfi  Ali Goldfarb  Peter Baum 《The Journal of geography》2016,115(1):24-34

The development of location-aware technologies, such as smartphones, raises serious questions regarding locational privacy and the ethical use of geographic data. The degree to which these concepts are taught in undergraduate geographic information science (GISci) courses is unknown. A survey of GISci educators shows that issues of privacy and ethics are important in a GISci education. However, a large proportion of GISci educators are not concerned about the loss of locational privacy and many do not devote classes to the subject. Those not teaching the subject cite lack of course time and the need for more information.  相似文献   

Information infrastructure for Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System     

Marton G. Hidas  Roger Proctor  Natalia Atkins  Julian Atkinson  Laurent Besnard  Peter Blain  Philip Bohm  Jon Burgess  Kim Finney  Dan Fruehauf  Guillaume Galibert  Xavier Hoenner  Jacqui Hope  Craig Jones  Sebastien Mancini  Benedicte Pasquer  David Nahodil  Kate Reid  Katherine Tattersall 《Earth Science Informatics》2016,9(4):525-534

Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS, imos.org.au) is research infrastructure to establish an enduring observing program for Australian oceanic waters and shelf seas. The observations cover physical, biological, and chemical variables to address themes of multi-decadal ocean change, climate variability and weather extremes, boundary currents and inter-basin flows, continental shelf processes and ecosystem responses.IMOS observations are collected by national facilities based on various platform types and operated by partner institutions around the country. In this paper we describe the infrastructure and workflows developed to manage and distribute the data to the public. We highlight the existing standards and open-source software we have adopted, and the contributions we have made. To demonstrate the value of this infrastructure we provide some illustrations of use and uptake.All IMOS data are freely and openly available to the public via the Ocean Portal (https://imos.aodn.org.au). All IMOS-developed software is open-source and accessible at https://github.com/aodn.  相似文献   

数据稀缺生态系统中多种类质量谱模型的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张崇良  陈勇  THOMPSON Katherine  任一平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):63-73

多种类生态模型已经被广泛应用于渔业活动影响应预测和管理措施效果评估。质量谱模型是一种基于生理过程构建的生态模型,该模型为描述鱼类群落在个体摄食变异和随个体发生的生态位迁移提供了一个可行的方法。尽管生态模型在增进生态系统认识上具有重要意义,其应用在数据稀缺的渔业中受到很大限制。作为实践基于生态系统渔业管理(EBFM)的第一步,本研究构建了海州湾鱼类群落的质量谱模型。本研究详述了数据收集和模型参数化的过程,以促进该模型在数据稀缺的生态系统中未来的应用。作为一个范例,研究展示了不同捕捞努力量对生态系统的影响,并采用一套生态指标监测其动态。群落生物量、多样性指数、W指数,大鱼指数(LFI),平均体重和群落质量谱斜率对捕捞压力的响应呈非线性,最大的捕捞强度并非总是对鱼类群落产生最强的影响。本文强调了构建谱模型在生态研究中的的价值和可行性,并讨论了模型的局限性和改进的可能。本研究旨在促进质量谱模型的广泛应用以更好地支持基于生态系统的渔业管理。  相似文献   

Implications of uncertain future fossil energy resources on bioenergy use and terrestrial carbon emissions     

Katherine?CalvinEmail author  Marshall?Wise  Patrick?Luckow  Page?Kyle  Leon?Clarke  Jae?Edmonds 《Climatic change》2016,136(1):57-68

The magnitude and character of the global resource base of fossil fuels is a key determinant of the evolution of the future global energy system and corresponding fossil fuel carbon emissions. What is less well understood is the potential magnitude of impact of the availability of fossil fuels, due to the interaction with biomass energy, on agriculture, land use, ecosystems and therefore carbon emissions from land-use change. This paper explores these links and implications. We show that if oil resources are limited, then the consequently higher price for liquids induces both the use of coal-to-liquids technology deployment, but also enhanced production of bioenergy crops particularly in a business-as-usual scenario. This in turn implies greater pressure to convert unmanaged ecosystems to produce bioenergy, and higher rates of terrestrial carbon emissions from land use.  相似文献   

Ichthyoplankton distribution and abundance in the Celtic Sea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Horstman  Katherine R.; Fives  Julie M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1994,51(4):447-460

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