长江河口河槽近期沉积特征及影响因子分析     

李一鸣  张国安  游博文  李占海 《地理学报》2019,74(1):178-190

随着流域和河口水利工程建设,长江河槽沉积环境发生了巨大改变,对河势演变和河槽冲淤均产生重要影响。依据长江河口河槽大面积表层沉积物采样和各河槽定点水文观测资料,分析各河槽沉积特征,探讨其影响因子及作用机制。结果表明:河槽沉积物类型以砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂分布最广,粒径分布纵向上呈自西向东减小、横向上自北向南减小趋势,河槽总体主槽粗、边滩细。涨落潮泥沙输运和沉降过程影响河槽纵向沉积分布特征,风浪作用强化了口门段河槽南北沉积环境的差异,北支、北港口门段河槽受到偏北方向风浪作用强烈,沉积物粗化明显。不同泥沙来源是造成河槽整体沉积环境差异的主导因素,南支、南港上段表现为流域来沙的沉积特征,北港、南槽、北槽则表现为流域与海域来沙的混合沉积特征,口外沉积物对口内河槽的影响主要是为口内河槽提供细颗粒物质来源。  相似文献   

线性光谱混合模型的适用观测尺度分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋江涛  潘军  邢立新  蒋立军  孙也涵  张雪峰  仲伟敬  范博文 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):262-279

线性光谱混合模型是目前应用最广泛的光谱混合模型,但由于遥感观测多分辨率的特点,模型的适用性会受到尺度效应的影响。为探索该模型在不同观测尺度下的适用程度,本文从地物辐射原理出发,通过理论推导微面元辐射通量表达式,得出地物辐射通量除了与端元反射率和面积比有关外,也与天顶角存在显著的非线性关系。因此,在线性光谱混合模型和微面元辐射通量的基础上,推导了更具普适性的积分线性光谱混合模型的表达式,再采用数值模拟的方法,计算了两模型的相对差值Δρ,结果表明Δρ的大小仅与探测单元的半瞬时视场角β有关,并通过实测光谱实验对上述推论进行了验证。研究表明,当β13°时,Δρ较小,线性光谱混合模型是积分线性光谱混合模型的一种近似表达形式,β完全可作为确定线性光谱混合模型适用观测尺度的关键依据,并且该模型的适用程度随β的增大而降低。  相似文献   

大型复杂电极-海水负载陆上构建方法          下载免费PDF全文

李博文 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(1):85-89

为满足大型复杂扫雷电极-海水负载陆上模拟需要,分析了陆上重建方式,提出了多个小型电极对插入电解液并联模拟的方法,建立了电极对接触电阻计算模型,以及模拟负载优化的多目标决策模型。 为求解决策模型,将其简化为单目标决策模型,并利用库恩 ? 塔克条件法得到单目标模型解,利用理性点法求出了多目标决策模型解。 最后,对模拟优化方法进行了仿真验证,计算结果表明,在保证两者负载相同的情况下,陆上模拟负载总尺寸及模拟电极尺寸显著缩小,证明了模拟方法高效,优化方法正确。  相似文献   

The Upper Pleistocene deposits at Cassington,near Oxford,England     

D. Maddy  S. G. Lewis  R. G. Scaife  D. Q. Bowen  G. R. Coope  C. P. Green  T. Hardaker  D. H. Keen  J. Rees-Jones  S. Parfitt  K. Scott 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(3):205-231

For much of the Middle and all of the Upper Pleistocene the Upper Thames valley has remained outside the limit of ice advance. The main agents of landform evolution have been the River Thames and its tributaries, which have cut down episodically and in so doing have abandoned a series of river terraces. This study reports the findings of an investigation into exposures in the deposits underlying the Floodplain Terrace at Cassington, near Oxford, England. The sequence exposed reveals a stratigraphy of basal, predominantly fine-grained, lithofacies overlain by coarser gravel lithofacies. The fluvial architecture of these deposits indicates a major change in fluvial style from a low-energy (meandering) to a high energy (braided) channel system. The flora and fauna from the lower fine-grained lithofacies display a marked change from temperate at the base, to colder conditions towards the top, indicating a close association between deteriorating climate and changing fluvial depositional style. Amino acid and luminescence geochronology from the basal fine-grained lithofacies suggest correlation with Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 and hence it is argued that the major environmental change recorded at the site relates to the Oxygen Isotope Stage 5–4 transition. Deposition of much of the overlying gravel sequence probably occurred during Oxygen Isotope Stage 4, suggesting that the latter half of the Devensian may be less significant, in terms of fluvial landscape evolution in the Upper Thames valley, than was believed previously. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲潮滩高浓度悬浮沉积物的控制因素     

李博闻  贾永刚  刘敬圃  苏建封  刘晓磊  文明征 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):96-106

黄河口潮滩以其悬浮沉积物浓度高而闻名。但是,目前对其高浓度悬浮沉积物的控制因素和来源的了解尚不清晰。因此,本文基于黄河口潮滩上为期7天的水动力(水深,波高和水流速度)和悬浮沉积物浓度观测,对黄河口潮滩不同海况下悬浮沉积物的控制因素和来源进行分析。数据显示,在大部分时间里,黄河口潮滩处于1级海况下(波高小于0.1m),SSC的变化范围为0.1-3.5 g/L,潮流的沉积物输运为悬浮沉积物的主要来源。但是,当水动力作用增强并且导致海底发生大规模侵蚀时,再悬浮沉积物成为了悬浮沉积物的主要来源,水体中的悬浮沉积物浓度可达到17.3 g/L。我们发现悬浮泥沙通量主要受平流输运的控制,而波浪引起的切应力也可通过影响悬浮泥沙浓度影响悬浮泥沙通量的变化。在观测期间, 1级海况下,流致再悬浮沉积物浓度(RSC)大于波致RSC。与此相反,在2级海况下,波致RSC大于流致RSC,例如,在观测期间出现的单个波浪事件导致6小时内海床被侵蚀了11.8 cm。该研究揭示了河控河流三角洲潮滩附近高悬浮沉积物浓度的不同控制因素,并有助于我们更好地了解三角洲的沉积和侵蚀机制。  相似文献   

Range-wide population structure and history of the northern quahog (Merceneria merceneria) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data     

Baker  Patrick; Austin  James D.; Bowen  Brian W.; Baker  Shirley M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(2):155-163

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大火成岩省的类型、成因及其地球系统意义     

张招崇  朱江  程志国  魏博雯  侯通  张宏罗  谢秋红 《地质学报》2022,96(12):4057-4090

大火成岩省指的是板块内部在相对短的时间间隔内(通常<3 Ma)巨量的岩浆喷发和侵入形成的火成岩省(面积超过10⁵ km²,体积超过10⁵ km³)。自此概念提出至今,在许多方面都取得了重要进展,但对于其成因以及对大陆裂解、物质循环、环境效应、生物灭绝等方面还存在着诸多争论。本文在回顾大火成岩省定义及其演变的基础上,对上述问题进行了全面的讨论,内容包括：(1)镁铁质大火成岩省(MLIP)成因的地幔柱模型及其存在的问题;(2)水在MLIP形成过程中的作用;(3) MLIP成因的其他替代模型;(4)硅质大火成岩省(SLIP)的成因及其与MLIP之间的关系;(5)大火成岩省和超大陆裂解之间的耦合关系;(6)大火成岩省与碳、硫循环及其对全球环境和生物大规模绝灭的影响;(7)大火成岩省与全球海平面升高、温室效应以及大洋缺氧事件的关系;(8)大火成岩省的地表地形效应。最后提出了大火成岩省研究中有待解决的几个重要问题和可能的解决思路。  相似文献   

河西走廊一次突发性暴雨天气的诊断分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

滕水昌  渠永兴  王坚  李伯文  张弿  王荣哲 《干旱气象》2007,23(3):66-71

对2006年7月14日发生在甘肃省永昌县南部山区的局地强暴雨从天气学、物理量场、水汽条件、降水强度、卫星和雷达特征等方面进行了综合分析,发现500 hPa气旋式风切变是局地强降水形成的主要形势诱发因子,风的垂直切变为上升运动的维持提供了有利条件,有利于对流的产生和发展;由涡旋云系外部气流引发的对流单体,造成了这次局地强对流降水。同时发现高能区和S i场的分析对强对流天气的预测有良好的指示作用。  相似文献   

黄龙与黄石钙华微生物沉积作用比较研究     

董发勤  代群威  饶瀚云  王富东  赵学钦  蒋忠诚  张强  李博文  Alexander I.Malov  Enrico Capezzuoli  Augusto Auler 《中国岩溶》2021,40(2):264-272

本文通过调查黄龙风景区水体的环境地质特征与微生物群落结构及多样性,并与黄石公园对比分析,探讨了两种特殊地理环境下的微生物群落结构和多样性及其对钙华沉积的影响.结果表明:黄龙沟泉水属于地下冷泉,且景区内覆盖着大量植被,水体中有大量藻类和细菌;黄石公园猛犸象温泉区泉水属于地下热泉,植被覆盖率很低,泉水中微生物多为嗜热菌,藻...  相似文献   

Intertidal spring dynamics and coastal nutrient loading revealed through geophysics,drone surveys,and in-situ monitoring     

Alexandra C. Oliver  Rob C. Jamieson  Kathryn A. Smith  Julia A. Cantelon  Barret L. Kurylyk 《水文研究》2024,38(5):e15144

Coastal eutrophication poses an increasing risk to ecosystem health due to enhanced nutrient loading to the global coastline. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) represents a significant pathway for nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) transport to the coast, but diffusive SGD transport is difficult to monitor directly, given the low flux rates and expansive discharge areas. In contrast, focused SGD from intertidal springs can potentially be sampled and directly gauged, providing unique insight into SGD and associated contaminant transport. Basin Head is a coastal lagoon in Prince Edward Island, Canada that is a federally protected ecosystem. Nitrate-nitrogen is conveyed from agricultural fields in the contributing watershed to the eutrophic lagoon via intertidal groundwater springs and groundwater-dominated tributaries. We used several field methods to characterize groundwater discharge, nutrient loading, and in-channel mixing associated with intertidal springs. The tributaries and intertidal springs were gauged and sampled to estimate a representative summer nitrate load to the lagoon. Our analysis revealed that NO₃-N export to the lagoon through tributaries and springs throughout summer 2023 was on average 401 kg N/month, with the combined spring loading comparable in magnitude to the combined tributary loading. We collected thermal infrared and visual imagery using drone surveys and found spatial overlap between cold-water plumes from the spring discharge and macroalgae blooms, indicating the local thermal and ecosystem impacts of the focused SGD. We also mapped the electrical resistivity (salinity) distribution in the water column around one large spring with electromagnetic geophysics at different tidal stages to reveal the three-dimensional spring plume dynamics. Results showed that the fresher spring water floated above the saline lagoon water with the brackish plume oriented in the direction of the tidal current. Collectively, our multi-pronged field investigations help elucidate the hydrologic, thermal, and nutrient dynamics of intertidal springs and the cascading ecosystem impacts.  相似文献