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T. R. Leinbach Dr. 《GeoJournal》1982,6(5):459-468
Industrial strategies and policies play a fundamental role in the overall development goal. The basic arguments and models surrounding industrialization in the developing countries are reviewed. Malaysia's industrial progress is atypical in the Third World and reflects the recent attempt to achieve an export orientation. A primary tool in the industrial strategy has been the export processing zone. The utility and function of this mechanism is discussed and evaluated within the Malaysian context. Employment in the zones represented about 8 % of manufacturing in 1980. Despite a recent deficit, exports and the zones' contribution to total exports display an upward trend. However, technology transfer and linkage creation have not been great. The lack of these developments results from the impact of the international product cycle mechanism. On an international scale, the locational pattern of zones is unstable since many firms are footloose and may, therefore, shift location in response to strong incentives. Housing and administration problems of the zones must be solved. In addition, a new package of incentives and a viable bargaining position must be developed in order for success to continue. 相似文献
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A Payo-Payo A Sanz-Aguilar D Gaglio RB Sherley TR Cook R Altwegg 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):43-50
The nominate race of the greater crested tern Thalasseus bergii breeds only along the coast of the Benguela region (west coast) of southern Africa, where its population is increasing, in contrast to other species of breeding seabirds in the region which similarly depend on forage fish. Although this population’s trends are well known, its demographic parameters remain obscure. We used multi-event capture–recapture–recovery modelling to provide the first estimates of survival. The survival rate of birds older than two years was 0.93 (0.91–0.95); second-year survival was 0.93 (0.90–0.95) and first-year survival was 0.80 (0.73–0.85). A resighting of a 34-year-old bird is a new longevity record for the species. Population growth rates projected with a Leslie matrix model that included our survival estimates were very similar to estimates from annual counts of the breeding population (7–8% y?1), suggesting that these survival estimates adequately describe the species’ demography. High survival rates have likely contributed to the species’ recent population increase in the region. 相似文献
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We measured tissue phosphorus content of high and low intertidal Hormosira banksii to test the hypothesis that tissue phosphorus content would be greater in individuals from the low intertidal because of greater total uptake associated with longer immersion in seawater. Moreover, we predicted that tissue phosphorus would be greater at sites where the seawater contained higher phosphate concentrations. There was a positive, linear relationship between local seawater phosphate concentrations and tissue phosphorus content of H. banksii from high and low intertidal zones at six different sites in winter. However, there were no comparable relationships in summer, even though the range of seawater phosphate concentration was similar in both seasons. The phosphorus contents of low intertidal H. banksii were significantly greater than high intertidal H. banksii in winter, but not in summer. Reasons for these differences may be related to greater access to seawater phosphate in low intertidal algae (than those in the high intertidal) in winter, followed by greater utilisation of the internal phosphorus between winter and summer, due to faster growth rates in the low intertidal. 相似文献
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"Migration and employment characteristics are compared for two intermediate-sized cities in Southeast Asia: Cebu, the Philippines, and Medan, Indonesia. Using samples of household interviews as a source of information, the basic characteristics of migrant heads of household in the two cities are examined. In addition the nature of the employment and the search for employment are analyzed and contrasted." 相似文献
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Solar wind velocity and normalized scintillation index from single-station IPS observations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
P. K. Manoharan S. Ananthakrishnan M. Dryer T. R. Detman H. Leinbach M. Kojima T. Watanabe J. Kahn 《Solar physics》1995,156(2):377-393
The recently refurbished Ooty Radio Telescope in southern India was used in a two-month campaign of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations in collaboration with the Cambridge IPS array in England during April–May 1992. The unique feature of this campaign was that, for the first time, scintillation enhancements were predicted in real time by observing solar events on 7–8 May, 1992 and then detected at both Ooty and Cambridge. Also, for the first time, high spatial resolution ( 100 sources sr–1) solar wind all-sky velocity maps were obtained at Ooty. Good consistency is found between the IPS observations from both observatories andin-situ shocks detected at Earth by IMP-8.Yohkoh soft X-ray images were used to infer the generation of a coronal mass ejection on 7 May, 1992. 相似文献