Immune response of greenback flounder Rhombosolea tapirina after exposure to contaminated marine sediment and diet.     

J A Mondon  S Duda  B F Nowak 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):443-450

Non-specific immune response of greenback flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, exposed to contaminated marine sediments was examined. Reference sediments from Port Sorell and contaminated sediments from Deceitful Cove, Tasmania, Australia were investigated. Hatchery-reared flounder were exposed to reference sediment, contaminated sediment or contaminated sediment and diet for 6 weeks. Phagocytic capacity and lysozyme response in flounder were examined on cessation of exposure trial. Significant differences were found in phagocytic capacity and lysozyme response between treatments. Exposure to contaminated sediment, irrespective of diet or benthic disturbance elicited inhibition of phagocytic efficiency in flounder. Disturbance of contaminated sediment stimulated lysozyme activity. The immune response in flounder indicates potential immunotoxicity of sediment from Deceitful Cove.  相似文献   

Application of Web-GIS and Geovisual Analytics to Monitoring of Seabed Evolution in South Baltic Sea Coastal Areas     

Marcin Kulawiak  Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(4):405-426

Regular surveys of coastal zone seabed deliver important information about geomorphologic processes such as silting of waterways. The recent introduction of the Sentinel series of sensors has allowed for the use of satellite sensing for shallow bathymetry morphology monitoring. In this context, this article presents a dedicated Geographic Information System for Baltic Sea shallow water depth monitoring on the basis of Sentinel-2 imagery. The system employs Geovisual Analytics for differential analysis of bathymetry changes as well as monitoring the visibility of known wrecks in the coastal waters of Southern Baltic Sea. Results are verified with regard to known changes in shallow water bathymetry between 28 June 2015 and 3 March 2017.  相似文献   

Reclamation or succession—A case study of transformation of soils and vegetation in reclaimed areas or in areas left for succession as exemplified by the sand mine excavation (southern Poland)     

Pietrzykowski  Marcin  Krzaklewski  Wojciech 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(1):22-22

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The mechanisms of water diffusion in polymerized silicate melts     

Harald Behrens  M. Nowak 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,126(4):377-385

Diffusion of water was experimentally investigated for melts of albitic (Ab) and quartz-orthoclasic (Qz₂₉Or₇₁, in wt %) compositions with water contents in the range of 0 to 8.5 wt % at temperatures of 1100 to 1200 °C and at pressures of 1.0 and 5.0 kbar. Apparent chemical diffusion coefficients of water (D _water) were determined from concentration-distance profiles measured by FTIR microspectroscopy. Under the same P-T condition and water content the diffusivity of water in albitic, quartz-orthoclasic and haplogranitic (Qz₂₈Ab₃₈ Or₃₄, Nowak and Behrens, this issue) melts is identical within experimental error. Comparison to data published in literature indicates that anhydrous composition only has little influence on the mobility of water in polymerized melts but that the degree of polymerization has a large effect. For instance, D_water is almost identical for haplogranitic and rhyolitic melts with 0.5–3.5 wt % water at 850 °C but it is two orders of magnitude higher in basaltic than in haplogranitic melts with 0.2–0.5 wt % water at 1300 °C. Based on the new water diffusivity data, recently published in situ near-infrared spectroscopic data (Nowak 1995; Nowak and Behrens 1995), and viscosity data (Schulze et al. 1996) for hydrous haplogranitic melts current models for water diffusion in silicate melts are critically reviewed. The NIR spectroscopy has indicated isolated OH groups, pairs of OH groups and H₂O molecules as hydrous species in polymerized silicate melts. A significant contribution of isolated OH groups to the transport of water is excluded for water contents above 10 ppm by comparison of viscosity and water diffusion data and by inspection of concentration profiles from trace water diffusion. Spectroscopic measurements have indicated that the interconversion of H₂O molecules and OH pairs is relatively fast in silicate glasses and melts even at low temperature and it is inferred that this reaction is an active step for migration of water. However, direct jumps of H₂O molecules from one cavity within the silicate network to another one can not be excluded. Thus, we favour a model in which water migrates by the interconversion reaction and, possibly, small sequences of direct jumps of H₂O molecules. In this model, immobilization of water results from dissociation of the OH pairs. Assuming that the frequency of the interconversion reaction is faster than that of diffusive jumps, OH pairs and water molecules can be treated as a single diffusing species having an effective diffusion coefficient . The shape of curves of D_water versus water content implies that increases with water content. The change from linear to exponential dependence of D_water between 2 and 3 wt % water is attributed to the influence of the dissociation reaction at low water content and to the modification of the melt structure by incorporation of OH groups. Received: 26 March 1996 / Accepted: 23 August 1996  相似文献   

Assessment of forest soil contamination in Krakow surroundings in relation to the type of stand     

Ewa Błońska  Jarosław Lasota  Marcin Szuszkiewicz  Adam Łukasik  Anna Klamerus-Iwan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(16):1205

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Meiofauna as descriptor of tourism-induced changes at sandy beaches   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Gheskiere T  Vincx M  Weslawski JM  Scapini F  Degraer S 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(2):245-265

Tourism has long been considered as a 'clean industry' with almost no negative effects on the environment. This study demonstrated, in two different coastal systems (Mediterranean and Baltic), that tourism related activities are particularly affecting the sandy beach meio- and nematofauna in the upper beach zone, the specific ecotone in which many meiofauna species from both the marine and the terrestrial environment congregate. Tourist upper beaches are characterized by a lower % total organic matter (%TOM), lower densities, lower diversities (absence of Insecta, Harpacticoida, Oligochaeta, terrestrial nematodes and marine Ironidae nematodes) and higher community stress compared to nearby non-tourist locations. The %TOM was found to be the single most important factor for the observed differences in meiofauna assemblage structure at tourist versus non-tourist beaches in both the Mediterranean and the Baltic region. The free-living nematode assemblages from tourist upper zones depart significantly from expectations based on random selections from the regional nematode species pool. Furthermore upper zone assemblages are characterised by a low species diversity consisting of taxonomically closely related nematode species with r-strategist features. Generally, faunal differences between tourist and non-tourist beaches are decreasing towards the lower beach zones.  相似文献   

Depth gradients of benthic standing stock and diversity on the continental margin at a high-latitude ice-free site (off Spitsbergen, 79°N)     

Maria Wlodarska-Kowalczuk  Michael A. Kendall  Jan Marcin Weslawski  Michael Klages  Thomas Soltwedel 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):1903-1914

High-latitude seas are mostly covered by multi-year ice, which impacts processes of primary production and sedimentation of organic matter. Because of the warming effect of West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), the waters off West Spitsbergen have only winter ice cover. That is uncommon for such a high latitude and enables to separate effects of multiyear-ice cover from the latitudinal patterns. Macrofauna was sampled off Kongsfjord (79°N) along the depth gradient from 300 to 3000 m. The density, biomass and diversity at shallow sites situated in a canyon were very variable. Biomass was negatively correlated with depth (R=-0.86, p<0.001), and ranged from 61 g ww m⁻² (212 m) to 1 g ww m⁻² (2025 m). The biomasses were much higher than in the multiyear-ice covered High Arctic at similar depths, while resembling those from temperate and tropical localities. Species richness (expressed by number of species per sample and species–area accumulation curves) decreased with depth. There was no clear depth-related pattern in diversity measures: Hurbert rarefaction, Shannon–Wiener or Pielou. The classic increase of species richness and diversity with depth was not observed. Species richness and diversity of deep-sea macrofauna were much lower in our study than in comparable studies of temperate North Atlantic localities. That is related to geographic isolation of Greenland–Icelandic–Norwegian (GIN) seas from the Atlantic pool of species.  相似文献   

Interplay between metamorphic strengthening and structural softening in inclusion‐bearing layered rocks     

Marta Adamuszek  Marcin Dabrowski  Daniel W. Schmid 《地学学报》2013,25(5):381-386

We employ numerical and analytical methods to investigate the effect of the presence of rigid porphyroblasts such as garnets on layer strengthening and the folding instability. We use a 50% fraction of non‐overlapping, circular‐shaped inclusions with a wide size distribution. These inclusions cause a fourfold effective viscosity increase and can significantly promote the folding instability. This is not only due to the increased viscosity but also due to the layer interface roughness generation driven by relative movement of inclusions. The increase in layer viscosity promotes strengthening of the whole system. However, with progressive fold development, the system undergoes an effective softening that may counteract the strengthening effect of the porphyroblast growth.  相似文献   

Sheath fold development in monoclinic shear zones          下载免费PDF全文

Marta Adamuszek  Marcin Dabrowski 《地学学报》2017,29(6):356-362

We use numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of sheath folds around slip surfaces in simple‐shear‐dominated monoclinic shear zones. A variety of sheath fold shapes develops under general shear, including tubular folds with low aspect ratio eye patterns and tongue‐like structures showing bivergent flanking structures in sections normal to the sheath elongation, which may potentially lead to confusing shear sense interpretations. Not all investigated monoclinic flow end‐members lead to the development of sheath folds sensu stricto (folds with apical angle <90°). The aspect ratio of the eye patterns, R_yz, correlates with the ratio between the principal strain in the Y‐direction and the smaller of the principal strains in the X–Z plane, and thus it could be used in strain analysis.  相似文献   

Stable isotope composition of the Holsteinian (MIS 11) freshwater snail Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774) from eastern Poland and its palaeoenvironmental implications          下载免费PDF全文

Marcin Szymanek 《第四纪科学杂志》2016,31(6):622-630

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