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11.
Long-lasting floods buffer the thermal regime of the Pampas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Javier?HouspanossianEmail author Sylvain?Kuppel Marcelo?Nosetto Carlos?Di Bella Patricio?Oricchio Mariana?Barrucand Matilde?Rusticucci Esteban?Jobbágy 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(1-2):111-120
The presence of large water masses influences the thermal regime of nearby land shaping the local climate of coastal areas by the ocean or large continental lakes. Large surface water bodies have an ephemeral nature in the vast sedimentary plains of the Pampas (Argentina) where non-flooded periods alternate with flooding cycles covering up to one third of the landscape for several months. Based on temperature records from 17 sites located 1 to 700 km away from the Atlantic coast and MODIS land surface temperature data, we explore the effects of floods on diurnal and seasonal thermal ranges as well as temperature extremes. In non-flooded periods, there is a linear increase of mean diurnal thermal range (DTR) from the coast towards the interior of the region (DTR increasing from 10 to 16 K, 0.79 K/100 km, r 2 = 0.81). This relationship weakens during flood episodes when the DTR of flood-prone inland locations shows a decline of 2 to 4 K, depending on surface water coverage in the surrounding area. DTR even approaches typical coastal values 500 km away from the ocean in the most flooded location that we studied during the three flooding cycles recorded in the study period. Frosts-free periods, a key driver of the phenology of both natural and cultivated ecosystems, are extended by up to 55 days during floods, most likely as a result of enhanced ground heat storage across the landscape (~2.7 fold change in day-night heat transfer) combined with other effects on the surface energy balance such as greater night evaporation rates. The reduced thermal range and longer frost-free periods affect plant growth development and may offer an opportunity for longer crop growing periods, which may not only contribute to partially compensating for regional production losses caused by floods, but also open avenues for flood mitigation through higher plant evapotranspirative water losses. 相似文献
12.
Puma (Puma concolor) taphonomic action on vertebrate assemblages in the Neotropics is described and analyzed. Actualistic information based on the literature and observations are presented from a comparative perspective, to determine some general patterns and, particularly, the ranges of variation in this felid's action. Information available for the Nearctic region is considered for comparative purposes. Particular attention is given to cases departing from the more general trends, such as one case in Mendoza (Argentina) in which the intensity of bone damage is outstanding. Variation in puma taphonomic action in the Neotropics is increasingly apparent as new studies are carried out, and knowledge on the range of this variation and the conditions under which it occurs needs to be deepened by future research. 相似文献
13.
Mariana Rojas-Aréchiga Alma Orozco-Segovia Carlos Vázquez-Yanes 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,36(4):571-578
Seed germination of seven species of cacti from Zapotitlán Valley, Puebla, Mexico, were compared at four different light treatments (red light, far-red light, white light and darkness) at a constant temperature of 25°C, and at two light treatments (white light and darkness) at two fluctuating temperatures (15–30°C and 20–30°C). Results allowed us to divide the studied species into two groups: positive photoblastic and indifferent to light. Positive photoblastics were barrel cacti and indifferent to light species were columnar cacti. Although barrel cacti had a light requirement for germination, they germinated in far-red light. Probable relationships among life-form, species distribution and light requirements for germination are discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
In an increasingly urbanised and ageing world the spatial distribution of an older population is a matter of growing scholarly and policy interest. Much of the research on this topic has tended to draw on one of two key measures: structural ageing, or the ratio of older cohorts to the rest of the population, or numeric ageing, which simply counts the number of older people without reference to the rest of the population. This paper argues that, on their own, these measures have limitations, and that considerable value lies in assessing the interplay between numeric and structural ageing measures. The population ageing matrix, a theoretical framework that classifies the demographic dynamics of population ageing across metropolitan areas, is presented and examined through the case study of Perth, Western Australia. The value of the matrix to reveal patterns and trends missed by analyses of single measures is investigated and areas that are experiencing changes in the composition and size of the ageing demographic are identified. The paper also reflects on the implications of these findings for policy and planning. 相似文献
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17.
Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) are close binary systems where mass is transferred from a red dwarf star to a white dwarf star via an accretion disk. The flickering is observed as stochastic variations in the emitted radiation both in the continuum and in the emission line profiles.The main goal of our simulations is to compare synthetic Doppler maps with observed ones, aiming to constrain the flickering properties and wind parameters.A code was developed which generates synthetic emission line profiles of a geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disk. The simulation allows us to include flares in a particular disk region. The emission line flares may be integrated over arbitrary ‘`exposure’' times, producing the synthetic line profiles. Flickering Doppler maps are created using such synthetic time series. The presence of a wind inside the Roche lobe was also implemented. Radiative transfer effects in the lines where taken into account in order to reproduce the single peaked line profiles frequently seen in nova-like CVs. 相似文献
18.
Neoproterozoic peritidal phosphorite from the Sete Lagoas Formation (Brazil) and the Precambrian phosphorus cycle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Justin B. R. Drummond Peir K. Pufahl Claudio G. Porto Mariana Carvalho 《Sedimentology》2015,62(7):1978-2008
The Neoproterozoic Sete Lagoas Formation (ca 610 Ma) of the São Francisco Basin, Brazil, is a succession of siltstone, limestone and phosphorite. Phosphorite forms part of a previously unrecognized 150 to 200 m thick, unconformity bounded depositional sequence. Lithofacies stacking patterns indicate that deposition was punctuated by higher order fluctuations in base level that produced aggradational parasequences. These shallowing‐upward cycles record the progradation of phosphate‐rich intertidal flats over shallow subtidal deposits as accommodation filled. The presence of mudcracks, authigenic chert nodules, lack of coarse terrigenous clastics and the abundance of silt with fine, abraded quartz grains suggests accumulation along an arid coastline with significant aeolian input. Delivery of phosphorus adsorbed on aeolian Fe‐(oxyhydr)oxide and clay is interpreted as having stimulated phosphogenesis in peritidal environments. Lithofacies associations indicate that windblown phosphorus promoted the establishment of cyanobacterial communities along the coast, which produced photosynthetic oxygen and the suboxic conditions necessary for the precipitation of authigenic carbonate fluorapatite. As in other Precambrian phosphatic systems, nearshore oxygen oases were a prerequisite for phosphorite accumulation because redox sensitive phosphogenic processes were pushed into the sediment to concentrate phosphorus. In more distal, anoxic environments phosphorite could not form because these biotic and abiotic processes were suspended in the water column, which cycled phosphorus in sea water rather than at the sediment–water interface. Such shallow‐water phosphorite is unlike larger, younger Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic phosphatic deposits inferred to have formed in deeper‐upwelling related environments. The increasing size of phosphatic deposits through the latest Precambrian is interpreted as reflecting the progressive ventilation of the oceans during the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event, and resultant expansion of phosphogenic environments into distal settings. The widespread cycling of bioavailable phosphorus at the sea floor not only produced the first true phosphorite giants, but may have also been an important precondition for the evolution of multicellular animals. 相似文献
19.
Amaral Genilda Canuto Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo de Souza Nóia Júnior Rogério Martínez Manuel Fernández Fonseca Mariana Duarte Silva Gibson Elbya Leão Toledo João Vitor Pezzopane José Ricardo Macedo Klippel Valéria Hollunder Xavier Talita Miranda Teixeira 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):347-361
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The climate change endangers many species of the Amazon Forest. An example, in the endangered medicinal species Pilocarpus microphyllus (popularly known as... 相似文献
20.
D. Javorsek II M. C. Brewer J. B. Buncher E. Fischbach J. T. Gruenwald J. Heim A. W. Hoft T. J. Horan J. L. Kerford M. Kohler J. J. Lau A. Longman J. J. Mattes T. Mohsinally J. R. Newport M. A. Petrelli C. A. Stewart J. H. Jenkins R. H. Lee B. Morreale D. B. Morris R. Mudry D. O’Keefe B. Terry M. A. Silver P. A. Sturrock 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2012,338(1):9-13
A new prediction technique based on logarithmic values is proposed to predict the maximum amplitude (R
m) of a solar cycle from the preceding minimum aa geomagnetic index (aa
min). The correlation between lnR
m and lnaa
min (r=0.92) is slightly stronger than that between R
m and aa
min (r=0.90). From this method, cycle 24 is predicted to have a peak size of R
m(24)=81.7(1±13.2%). If the suggested error in aa (3 nT) before 1957 is corrected, the correlation coefficient between R
m and aa
min (r=0.94) will be slightly higher, and the peak of cycle 24 is predicted much lower, R
m(24)=52.5±13.1. Therefore, the prediction of R
m based on the relationship between R
m and aa
min depends greatly on the accurate measurement of aa. 相似文献