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1960-2010年中国西南地区0 ℃层高度变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用西南地区1960-2010 年14 探空站高空气象资料和对应的14 个地面观测站的5 个气温要素和2 个降水要素资料,通过Mann-Kendall 检验,线性趋势法、相关分析法及R/S 分析方法,分析了西南地区0 ℃层高度的时间变化特征和空间分布情况以及0 ℃层高度与气温、降水、海拔的相关性分析,并预测了0 ℃层高度未来变化趋势及持续性强度。结果表明:(1) 西南地区0 ℃层高度年代际变化表现为自20 世纪70 年代后突然降低之后逐渐升高的趋势,各季节年代际变化也不尽相同;(2) 西南地区0 ℃层高度在年际变化方面,在全年、秋季和冬季处于上升趋势,以冬季变化趋势最为明显且通过了显著性检验,春季和夏季处于不明显的下降趋势;(3) 西南地区0 ℃层高度的空间分布表现为由南向北逐渐降低的趋势,夏季较为均匀,从年际变化空间分布来看,年、季节变化空间差异也比较明显;(4) 西南地区各气温和降水要素表现出非常明显的空间差异,与降水各要素相比较,气温各要素与0 ℃层高度相关性更显著;从0 ℃层高度与海拔高度相关性来看,夏季0 ℃层高度与海拔高度相关性最好,而与其他季节及年的相关性不明显。(5) 未来趋势预测表明,西南地区年、季节0 ℃层高度变化趋势与过去一致,并且大部分站点保持较强的持续性。 相似文献
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Two commonly used definitions of coastline are compared and analyzed in this article. To build a more perfect digital tide-coordinated coastline model in China, we should first solve the problems of the existing definition and unclear algorithms of China’s coastline. On the basis of defining the coastline in China as the intersection of coastal land and the mean high water spring (MHWS), it should be further revised, and defined either as an intersection of coastal land and the MHWS or as a mean higher high water level (MHHWL) considering the diversity of tidal characteristics in China Sea areas. Since MHWS is related to the extreme of the lunar phase and MHHWL is related to the extreme of the angle of the lunar declination elevation, the algorithms to obtain them are more complicated than that of mean high water (MHW) used in the United States. We should consider the specific law of tidal movement in different tide types of the predominantly semidiurnal or diurnal sea areas in China when studying the precise algorithms for MHWS and MHHWL. Several experiments show that the difference between the two types of calculations of coastal height, such as water level observations and tidal predictions, is within centimeter level. The research results of this article have a certain reference value for countries with similar coastline features as in China. 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Sciences - Glaciers provide essential resources and services for human well-being and so-cio-economic development in arid regions. It is of great significance for regional... 相似文献
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Based on daily maximum and minimum temperature observed by the China Meteorological Administration at 115 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin from 1962 to 2011, the methods of linear regression, principal component analysis and correlation analysis are employed to investigate the temporal variability and spatial distribution of temperature extremes. Sixteen indices of extreme temperature are selected. The results are as follows: (1) The occurrence of cold days, cold nights, ice days, frost days and cold spell duration indicator has significantly decreased by -0.84, -2.78, -0.48, -3.29 and -0.67 days per decade, respectively. While the occurrence of warm days, warm nights, summer days, tropical nights, warm spell duration indicator and growing season length shows statistically significant increasing trends at rates of 2.24, 2.86, 2.93, 1.80, 0.83 and 2.30 days per decade, respectively. The tendency rate of the coldest day, coldest night, warmest day, warmest night and diurnal temperature range is 0.33, 0.47, 0.16, 0.19 and -0.07℃ per decade, respectively. (2) The magnitudes of changes in cold indices (cold nights, coldest day and coldest night) are obviously greater than those of warm indices (warm nights, warmest day and warmest night). The change ranges of night indices (warm nights and cold nights) are larger than those of day indices (warm days and cold days), which indicates that the change of day and night temperature is asymmetrical. (3) Spatially, the regionally averaged values of cold indices in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin are larger than those in the middle and lower reaches. However, the regionally averaged values of most warm indices (except warm spell duration indicator) and growing season length in the middle and lower reaches are larger than those in the upper reaches. (4) The extreme temperature indices are well correlated with each other except diurnal temperature range. 相似文献
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ZHANG Mingjun DONG Lei WANG Shengjie ZHAO Aifang QIANG Fang SUN Meiping WANG Qiong 《地理学报》2014,24(5):833-844
Based on the radiosonde data observed at 14 stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2010, as well as the corresponding surface air temperature, the long-term change of free-air 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China and the relationships between surface air temperature and 0℃ isotherm height are discussed. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of 0℃ isotherm height is generally related with latitude, but the huge massif or plateau may complicate the latitude pattern. The two main regimes influencing the spatial patterns of 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China are latitude and huge massif. The annual 0℃ isotherm height has increased by 35 m per decade in the recent decades, which is statistically significant at the 0.001 level. Generally, the increasing trend can be examined for each seasonal series, especially in winter (53 m per decade). The diversity of trend magnitudes for annual and seasonal series can also be detected at a spatial view, but generally 0℃ isotherm height correlated well with surface air temperature. 相似文献
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可可西里地区库赛湖变化及湖水外溢成因 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以库赛湖研究区地形图、Landsat TM/ETM+和中国环境与灾害监测预报卫星HJ1A/BCCD影像为基础,结合五道梁气象站气温降水资料,利用地理信息技术和数理统计方法,对2011 年9 月可可西里地区库赛湖湖水外溢成因进行分析。结果表明,库赛湖湖水外溢发生在2011 年9 月20 日至30 日期间,卓乃湖湖水进入库赛湖是后者发生变化的直接原因,而库赛湖规模近20 年来的持续增长,尤其是2006 年之后湖泊面积快速增加是其湖水外溢的基础。卓乃湖湖水外泄的主要诱因是区域持续降水,其中8 月17 日和21 日强降水使卓乃湖于8 月22 日出现漫顶溢流,8 月31 日至9 月5 日、9 月16 日至17 日期间两次持续降水导致卓乃湖水量剧增,并在9 月14 日至21 日期间形成洪水。由于水量外泄,卓乃湖面积骤降,截至11 月29 日,湖泊面积168.07 km2,仅为8 月22 日湖泊面积的62%,共减少104.88 km2。库赛湖外溢湖水流入海丁诺尔后又进入盐湖,其中海丁诺尔湖水进入盐湖时间介于10 月6 日至20 日期间。外来湖水大量进入导致海丁诺尔和盐湖在10-11月份快速扩大。 相似文献
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近40 年可可西里地区湖泊时空变化特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以可可西里地区1970s 地形图和1990s、2000-2011 年Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像为基础,通过数字化和影像解译获取研究区83 个面积大于10 km2湖泊变化数据,并对湖泊变化成因进行了分析。研究结果表明:1) 1970s 初期至2011 年,可可西里地区湖泊经历了“先萎缩后扩张”的变化过程,其中1970s-1990s 期间湖泊面积普遍减小,1990s-2000 年湖泊出现扩张,并在2000 年恢复到1970s 湖泊规模,2000 年之后湖泊面积急剧增大。2) 2000-2011 年间,可可西里地区不同规模等级湖泊整体呈扩张趋势,但表现出一定的区域差异性。面积呈增加趋势的湖泊数量最多,亦分布最广,一些湖泊由于扩张迅速出现湖泊合并或湖水外泄情况;面积呈减少趋势或波动起伏的湖泊数量较少,零散分布在研究区中部和南部,湖泊动态变化与其自身补给条件或与下游湖泊(河道) 存在水力联系有关。3) 在研究时段内,降水增多、蒸发减少是可可西里地区湖泊扩大的主要原因,而气候变暖引起的冰川融水增加、冻土水分释放是次要原因。 相似文献