One-dimensional numerical simulation of non-uniform sediment transport under unsteady flows   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7  

Hongwei FANG  Minghong CHEN  Qianhai CHEN 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(4):316-328

One-dimensional numerical models are popularly used in sediment transport research because they can be easily programmed and cost less time compared with two- and three-dimensional numerical models. In particular, they possess greater capacity to be applied in large river basins with many tributaries. This paper presents a one-dimensional numerical model capable of calculating total-load sediment transport. The cross-section-averaged sediment transport capacity and recovery coefficient are addressed in the suspended load model. This one-dimensional model, therefore, can be applied to fine suspended loads and to hyperconcentrated flows in the Yellow River. Moreover, a new discretization scheme for the equation of unsteady non-uniform suspended sediment transport is proposed. The model is calibrated using data measured from the Yantan Reservoir on the Hongshui River and the Sanmenxia Reservoir on the Yellow River. A comparison of the calculated water level and river bed deformation with field measurements Shows that the improved numerical model is capable of predicting flow, sediment transport, bed changes, and bed-material sorting in various situations, with reasonable accuracy and reliability.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of a marine bacterium producing protease from Chukchi Sea, Arctic     

Zeng Yinxin  Cai Minghong  He Jianfeng 《极地研究(英文版)》2001,12(1)

A Gram negative bacterium Ar/W/b/75°25＇N/1 producing extracellular alkaline protease was isolated from surface water of latitude 75°25＇N, and longitude 162°25＇W in Chukchi sea, Arctic. The strain can grow at the temperature range from 7℃ to 30℃, and grow better at 30(℃. It can not grow at 40℃. Keeping certain salinity concentration in medium is necessary for cell growth. It grows well in medium containing salinity concentration from 0. 5 % to 10 % sodium chloride. Glucose, sucrose and soluble starch can be utilized by the strain, among which glucose is the optimal carbon source. Peptone is the optimal organic nitrogen source for cell growth and protease producing, and ammonium nitrate is the optimal inorganic nitrogen source.About 75.7% of total protease of the strain are extracellular enzyme. Optimal temperature for proteolytic activity is at 40℃. Protease of the strain keeps stable below 40℃, and shows high proteolytic activity within the pH range from 7 to 11.  相似文献   

The progress in the study of Arctic pack ice ecology     

何剑锋  王桂忠  蔡明红  李少菁 《极地研究(英文版)》2004,15(1):55-65

The sea ice community plays an important role in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Because of the predicted environmental changes in the Arctic environment and specifically related to sea ice, the Arctic pack ice biota has received more attention in recent years using modem ice-breaking research vessels. Studies show that the Arctic pack ice contains a diverse biota and besides ice algae, the bacterial and protozoan biomasses can be high. Surprisingly high primary production values were observed in the pack ice of the central Arctic Ocean. Occasionally biomass maximum were discovered in the interior of the ice floes, a habitat that had been ignored in most Arctic studies. Many scientific questions, which deserve special attention, remained unsolved due to logistic limitations and the sea ice characteristics. Little is know about the pack ice community in the central Arctic Ocean. Almost no data exists from the pack ice zone for the winter season. Concerning the abundance of bacteria and protozoa, more studies are needed to understand the microbial network within the ice and its role in material and energy flows. The response of the sea ice biota to global change will impact the entire Arctic marine ecosystem and a long-term monitoring program is needed. The techniques, that are applied to study the sea ice biota and the sea ice ecology, should be improved.  相似文献   

基于极地近岸海洋环境监测系统的南极长城湾生态环境变化初析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

何剑锋  张芳  蔡明红  崔世开  杨海真  王项南 《极地研究》2011,23(4):269-274

利用中国首次在南极长城湾海域布放的极地近岸海洋环境监测系统,以2010年12月13日至2011年3月22日期间获得的监测数据为例,对该海域基本环境参数和叶绿素α含量变化进行了初步分析.结果表明,温度变化在12月至1月中旬呈明显上升趋势,之后存在一定的波动;而受夏季陆地淡水输入的影响,盐度的总体变化呈波动下降趋势.观测期...  相似文献   

General velocity formula of boundary layer above mobile sediment bed induced by asymmetric waves     

Xin Chen  Minghong Chen 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):255-267

Sediment movement in the wave boundary layer above a mobile sediment bed is complex.A velocity formula for the boundary layer is proposed for sheet flow induced by asymmetric waves above a mobile sediment bed.The formula consists of a free stream velocity and a defect function which contains a phase-lead,boundary layer thickness and mobile sediment bed.Phase-lag of sediment movement is considered in the formula for the mobile sediment bed.The formula needs six dependent variables about asymmetric wave and sediment characteristics.Asymmetry effects on parameters(orbital amplitude,roughness height,bed shear stress,and boundary layer thickness)are properly considered such that the formula can yield velocity differences among onshore,offshore,acceleration,and deceleration stages.The formula estimates the net boundary layer velocity resulting from the mobile sediment bed and asymmetric boundary layer thickness.In addition,a non-constant phase-lead also contributes to the net boundary layer velocity in asymmetric oscillatory sheet flow.Results of the formula are as good as that of a two-phase numerical model.Sheet flow transport induced by asymmetric waves,and the offshore net sediment transport rate with a large phase-lag under velocity-skewed waves,can be adequately estimated by the formula with a power sediment concentration function.  相似文献   

海洋环境有机磷酸酯的来源、分布与生物地球化学过程          下载免费PDF全文

马玉欣  罗雨晨  蔡明红 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):533-542

继多种溴代阻燃剂加入《斯德哥尔摩公约》持久性有机污染物黑名单后,有机磷酸酯（organophosphate esters, OPEs）作为替代品,生产和使用量日益增加。研究表明OPEs可通过大气长距离传输、河流输运等方式进入海洋环境,并对海洋生态系统产生一定风险。本文详细梳理了海洋大气、水体和沉积物介质,以及海洋生物体中OPEs的含量水平和分布特征,并探讨了OPEs的海气交换、大气沉降、洋流输运等物理过程,以及生物富集与转化、生物泵耦合和微生物降解等生物地球化学过程。考虑到OPEs仍在大量生产和使用并将持续进入海洋环境,系统的海洋OPEs连续监测和生态风险评估亟待开展。  相似文献   

The impact of global cropland changes on terrestrial ecosystem services value, 1992–2015     

Li  Yuanyuan  Tan  Minghong  Hao  Haiguang 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):323-333

Journal of Geographical Sciences - From 1992 to 2015, ecological environment has been threatened by the changes of cropland around the world. In order to evaluate the impact of cropland changes on...  相似文献   

耕地资产社会保障功能的空间分异研究——不同农业类型区的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王亚辉  李秀彬  辛良杰  谈明洪 《地理科学进展》2020,39(9):1473-1484

在中国人多地少和土地产权二元结构背景下,耕地资源一直是农民的“命根子”,其社会保障功能被认为是社会的稳定器,但近年来这一观点受到越来越多的质疑。目前中国农户耕地的社会保障功能还有多大,迫切需要利用详实的数据进行系统性、定量化的测算。基于此,把拥有承包权的耕地看作农户的一项资产,论文选取都市农业区、集约农业区、平原主粮作物区和山地主粮作物区4类典型农业区,实地调查1025户农户家庭,旨在揭示耕地社会保障功能的空间分异规律。结果表明:作为家庭农业的生产资料,耕地投入农业生产所获收益占家庭总收入的比重在各区最高为50%,其中山区不足7%;作为一项养老保障,家庭耕地资产收益对养老需求的贡献率均不足30%,山区甚至不及3%;作为金融抵押品,若以20万元资金需求为例,户均耕地资产可贷款额度均不超过资金需求的20%,而山区仅为1%。现阶段农户耕地资产的社会保障价值已十分微弱,这有助于给出对新时期农村土地保障功能的科学判断。随着城镇化的推进,不同农业类型区农户的耕地收益及资产价值均不断下降,尤其是在农地利用边际化胁迫下的山区,如何减缓山区耕地弃耕撂荒和耕地资产贬值,无疑是乡村振兴战略实施过程中需要重点关注的问题。  相似文献   

国内外大城市的城市森林时空变化对比研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段倩雯  谈明洪 《地理科学进展》2020,39(3):410-419

城市森林在减弱噪声、净化空气、调节城市气温等方面具有十分重要的作用。中国城市正处于快速发展阶段,对国内外大城市的城市森林现状及其时空变化进行对比分析可为中国城市森林的建设提供理论借鉴。跨区域城市森林对比研究的主要困难在于城市区域定义的差异导致不同城市之间可比性差。论文利用强度梯度法,基于夜间灯光影像及GlobeLand30地表覆盖产品,提取12个国内外大城市2000年和2010年的城市森林数据,探究其时空变化。结果表明,从现有城市森林量看,城市森林覆盖率及人均城市森林面积在发达国家城市中普遍偏高,而在亚洲发展中国家城市中非常低,例如纽约的人均城市森林面积高达316.5 m ²,而上海、新德里和雅加达则低于2 m ²。从时间变化看,2000—2010年城市森林面积增长率在发达国家城市中均小于70%,而在大部分发展中国家城市超过了100%。城市森林增加的最主要来源是城市面积扩张,减少的主要原因是转为硬化地面和城市草地。按照基于缓冲区分析得到的城市森林空间分布格局,这些城市可以分为3类：中心城区高、周边城区低(北京、首尔),中心城区低、周边城区高(广州、东京、圣保罗等),整个城区均低(上海、新德里、雅加达)。最后,基于对比结果为中国城市森林未来的发展提供了建议。  相似文献   

北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

杨雪  谈明洪 《地理研究》2014,33(6):1106-1118

城市化对耕地及其功能具有深刻影响,这在大都市郊区尤为明显。立足北京市,构建耕地功能评价指标体系,运用极差标准化法处理数据,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,最后运用加权求和法得出功能值。研究表明：① 在北京各区县,2004-2011 年间单位面积耕地的生产、生态、文化和社会功能几乎均增强,空间差异表现为生产和社会功能远郊平原区高于远郊山区和近郊区,生态功能远郊平原区高于远郊山区,文化功能近郊区高于远郊区。② 北京远郊平原区的粮食、蔬菜和瓜类生产功能均较强,但农业污染较严重。受距市中心距离影响,近郊区耕地文化功能需求量较大,远郊区供给量较大。③ 2004-2011 年间绝大部分区县单位面积耕地的总功能增强,受地形和市中心经济辐射影响,远郊平原区高于远郊山区和近郊区。④ 根据耕地总功能组成比重,把北京市耕地分为四种类型：生产型（远郊平原区）、生态型（近郊区）、文化型（丰台区和门头沟区）与社会型（远郊山区）.  相似文献