Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment     

Norazlina Ab Halim  Faradiella Mohd. Kusin  Khairul Nizam Mohamed 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(4):733-742

This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn) in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced from the co-processing with hazardous waste in comparison with OPC produced using natural raw materials. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in cement produced from natural raw material was in the order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd. Zn and Cd were the highest and the lowest concentrations, respectively, in cements produced from the co-processing activity. The difference between heavy metals concentrations in OPC produced with and without co-processing was found to be statistically significant. The concentration of heavy metals in the cement produced is generally factory dependent. The human risk assessment associated with the heavy metals for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks has been evaluated. The calculated hazard index (HI) and total lifetime cancer risks (LCR) were lower than the acceptable threshold reference values, HI < 1 and LCR < 1 × 10^?4, respectively. Thus, it is anticipated that there is no potential of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for both adult and children. However, the findings indicated that there is a need for regulatory monitoring. The exposure pathway for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks are both in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation.  相似文献   

Short-term greenhouse emission lowering effect of biochars from solid organic municipal wastes     

Djaafar Rehrah  Rishipal R. Bansode  Osman Hassan  Mohamed Ahmedna 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(5):1093-1102

Qatar economy has been growing rapidly during the last two decades during which waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions increased exponentially making them among the main environmental challenges facing the country. Production of biochar from municipal solid organic wastes (SOWs) for soil application may offer a sustainable waste management strategy while improving crop productivity and sequestering carbon. This study was conducted to (1) investigate the physicochemical parameters of biochars for SOW, (2) select the best-performing biochars for soil fertility, and (3) evaluate the potential benefits of these biochars in lowering greenhouse gases (GHGs) during soil incubation. Biochars were produced from SOW at pyrolysis temperatures of 300–750 °C and residence times of 2–6 h. Biochars were characterized before use in soil incubation to select the best-performing treatment and evaluation of potential GHG-lowering effect using CO₂ emission as proxy. Here, soil–biochar mixtures (0–2%w/w) were incubated in greenhouse settings for 120 days at 10% soil moisture. Soil properties, such as pH, EC, TC, and WHC, were significantly improved after soil amendment with biochar. Two biochars produced from mixed materials at 300–500 °C for 2 h and used at 0.5–1% application rate performed the best in enhancing soil fertility parameters. A significant decrease in CO₂ emission was observed in vials with soil–biochar mixtures, especially for biochars produced at 500 °C compared the corresponding raw materials which exhibited an exponential increase in the CO₂ emission. Hence, application of biochar to agricultural soils could be beneficial for simultaneously improving soil fertility/crop productivity while sequestering carbon, thereby reducing anthropogenic emissions of GHGs.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical characterization and geospatial analysis of groundwater quality in Cap Bon region,northeastern Tunisia     

Abdelaziz Sebei  Tarek Slama  Mohamed Amine Helali 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(15):557

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in the Grombalia region, northeastern Tunisia, were investigated to evaluate suitability for irrigation and other uses and to determine the main processes that control its chemical composition. A total of 21 groundwater samples were collected from existing wells in January–February 2015 and were analyzed for the major cations and anions concentrations. Conductivity, pH, T°, O₂ and salinity were also measured. Interrelationships between chemical parameters were determined by using the scatter matrix method. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation and other uses was assessed by determining the sodium adsorption ratio, soluble-sodium percentage, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Kelly’s index and permeability index values of water samples. The spatial distribution of key parameters was assessed using a GIS-based spatial gridding technique. This analysis indicated that the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area is of Cl–SO₄–Na–Ca mixed facies with concentrations of many chemical constituents exceeding known guideline values for irrigation. The salinity of groundwater is controlled by most dominant cation and anion (Na–Cl). A correlation analysis shows that Na⁺ is the dominant cation and that reverse ion exchange is a dominant process that controls the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the area. Geospatial mapping of hydrochemical parameters and indices analyzed with the USSL and Wilcox diagrams show distinctive areas of irrigation suitability. In contrast, 76.2% of samples fall in the highly doubtful to unsuitable category and indicate that the central and north-eastern parts of the study area are unsuitable for irrigation due to a high salinity and alkalinity.  相似文献   

Geomagnetic field residuals from CHAMP satellite: <Emphasis Type="Italic">essential for revealing unmodelled sources</Emphasis>     

Sabrina Tair  Yasmina Yahiat  Mohamed Hamoudi  Vincent Lesur  Mioara Mandea  Ioan Rus 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(1):1

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Developing a seismic source model for the Arabian Plate     

I. El-Hussain  Y. Al-Shijbi  A. Deif  A. M. E. Mohamed  M. Ezzelarab 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(15):435

A seismic source model is developed for the entire Arabian Plate, which has been affected by a number of earthquakes in the past and in recent times. Delineation and characterization of the sources responsible for these seismic activities are crucial inputs for any seismic hazard study. Available earthquake data and installation of local seismic networks in most of the Arabian Plate countries made it feasible to delineate the seismic sources that have a hazardous potential on the region. Boundaries of the seismic zones are essentially identified based upon the seismicity, available data on active faults and their potential to generate effective earthquakes, prevailing focal mechanism, available geophysical maps, and the volcanic activity in the Arabian Shield. Variations in the characteristics given by the above datasets provide the bases for delineating individual seismic zones. The present model consists of 57 seismic zones extending along the Makran Subduction Zone, Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, Eastern Anatolian Fault, Aqaba-Dead Sea Fault, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Owen Fracture Zone, Arabian Intraplate, and a background seismic zone, which models the floating seismicity that is unrelated to any of the distinctly identified seismic zones. The features of the newly developed model make the seismic hazard results likely be more realistic.  相似文献   

Structural and facies modeling of the Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib reservoirs in the Shushan Basin,Western Desert,Egypt     

Mohamed S. Fagelnour  Farouk I. Metwalli  El-Arabi H. Shendi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):553

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Style and timing of tectonic deformation across the Bou Arada-El Fahs troughs system,Northeast Tunisia: integration in the structural evolution of Atlas fold and thrust belt     

Mohamed Sabri Arfaoui  Radhouane Khouni  Soufiene Dridi  Fouad Zargouni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(5):95

The Bou Arada-El Fahs troughs system is a particularly E-W trending collapsed structure with the manifestation of normal-to-strike-slip faults. A combined multi-source and multi-scalar structural and geophysical investigation provides important insights on the geometry and the kinematics evolution of trough systems in the Atlas of Tunisia. New data, as well as a reappraisal of available data show that the studied troughs system is established during three main successive events: the Oligocene-Miocene, the Tortonian, and the Plio-Quaternary events. The goal of this paper is to present the structural evolution of the study area, on a pre-structured substratum. The structural evolution progressed from an extensional event, manifested by the formation of grabens, passing by an episode of reactivation of faults related troughs in strike-slip motion during the Atlas compression accompanied by an en-échelon folding in foot wall and hanging wall. These results acquired and presented in the following order: We will initially present the geological context by integrating and correlating the lithostratigraphic data. We continue by examining the geometry and kinematics of structure-related troughs via the detailed geological mapping, the interpretation of available 2D seismic data, and the interpretation of processed fault slip data. This integrated geological and geophysical study allows a better understanding of the BETS, and makes it possible to propose a new geometrical and kinetic model of the establishment of trough structure in the Tunisian Atlas.  相似文献   

Heavy metals in mangrove sediments of the central Arabian Gulf shoreline,Saudi Arabia     

Khaled Al-Kahtany  Abdelbaset El-Sorogy  Fahd Al-Kahtany  Mohamed Youssef 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(7):155

To assess heavy metals in mangrove swamps of Sehat and Tarut coastal areas along the Arabian Gulf, 18 sediment samples were collected for Al, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sr, As, Fe, Co, and Ni analysis. The results indicated that the distribution of some metals was largely controlled by anthropogenic inputs, while others were of terrigenous origin and most strongly associated with distribution of aluminum and total organic carbon in sediments. Mangrove sediments were extremely severe enriched with Sr (EF?=?67.59) and very severe enriched with V, Hg, Cd, Cu, As (EF?=?44.28, 37.45, 35.77, 25.97, and 11.53, respectively). Average values of Sr, V, Hg, Cd, Cu, Ni, As, and Cr were mostly higher than the ones recorded from the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba, the Caspian Sea, the Arabian and Oman gulfs, coast of Tanzania, sediment quality guidelines, and the background shale and the earth crust. Landfilling due to coastal infrastructure development around mangrove forests, oil spills and petrochemical and desalination effluents from Al-Jubail industrial city to the north were the anthropogenic activities that further enhanced heavy metals in the studied mangrove sediments.  相似文献   

Provenance,weathering, and paleoenvironment of the Upper Cretaceous Duwi black shales,Aswan Governorate,Egypt     

Samir M. Zaid  Oussama A. EL-Badry  Adel M. Akarish  Mahmoud A. Mohamed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(7):147

The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Upper Cretaceous Duwi black shales of Nile Valley district, Aswan Governorate, Egypt, have been investigated to identify the source rock characteristics, paleoweathering, and paleoenvironment of the source area. The Duwi Formation consists mainly of phosphorite and black shales and is subdivided into three members. The lower and upper members composed mainly of phosphorite beds intercalated with thin lenses of gray shales, while the middle member is mainly composed of gray shale, cracked, and filled with gypsum. Mineralogically, the Duwi black shales consist mainly of smectite and kaolinite. The non-clay minerals are dominated by quartz, calcite, phosphate, dolomite, feldspar, with little gypsum, anhydrite, iron oxides, and pyrite. Based on the CIA, PIA, and CIW values (average?=?84, 94, 95, respectively), it can be concluded that the litho-components of the studied shales were subjected to intense chemical weathering and reflect warm/humid climatic conditions in the depositional basin. The provenance discrimination diagram indicates that the nature of the source rocks probably was mainly intermediate and mafic igneous sources with subordinate recycled sedimentary rocks (Nubia Formation). Geochemical characteristics indicate that the Duwi black shales in Nile Valley district were deposited under anoxic reducing marine environments.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of lamprophyre and associated diabase dykes in Wadi Mandar-Um Adawi area,South Sinai,Egypt     

Waheed I. Elwan  Shehta E. Abd Allah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(9):223

The mafic dykes in Wadi Mandar-Wadi Um Adawi area are as follows: (1) calc-alkaline lamprophyre (i.e., kersantite and spessartite), (2) diabase, and (3) alkaline lamprophyre (i.e., camptonite). The field relations reveal that the emplacement of calc-alkaline lamprophyres preceded the diabase dykes, while alkaline lamprophyres emplaced later than the diabase dykes. Calc-alkaline are basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite to basalt, while the diabase dykes and alkaline lamprophyres are basaltic in composition. These dykes are characterized by metaluminous character. Calc-alkaline lamprophyres and diabase dykes show transitional affinity from calc-alkaline to alkaline, while the alkaline lamprophyres exhibit more strong alkaline character. The mafic dykes were crystallized under temperature 1100–1150 °C and pressure 3–5 kbars in a high oxygen fugacity conditions. Fe-Ti oxides in the dykes are represented by ilmenite and Ti-magnetite. The chemistry of the sulfides hosted in those mafic dykes suggests a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for these minerals. The geochemical behavior of high field strength elements and large ion lithophile elements in these dykes excludes the derivation of diabase or alkaline lamprophyre either by partial melting or fractional crystallization from calc-alkaline lamprophyre. The parental magmatic sources of the studied dykes were generated from crustal material with addition of mantle-derived melt during the post-collisional stage. The mafic dykes in Wadi Mandar-Wadi Um Adawi area were generated from different magmatic sources by partial melting and subsequent fractional crystallization. In addition, the crustal contamination/assimilation process has a prominent role in the magmatic evolution of diabase and alkaline lamprophyre dykes.  相似文献