Assessment of agricultural groundwater users in Iran: a cultural environmental bias     

Saeid Salehi  Mohammad Chizari  Hassan Sadighi  Masoud Bijani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):285-295

Many environmental problems are rooted in human behavior. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of cultural environmental bias on ‘sustainable behavior’ among agricultural groundwater users in Fars province, Iran, according to Klockner’s comprehensive model. A survey-based research project was conducted to gathering data on the paradigm of environmental psychology. The sample included agricultural groundwater users (n = 296) who were selected at random within a structured sampling regime involving study areas that represent three (higher, medium and lower) bounds of the agricultural-groundwater-vulnerability spectrum. Results showed that the “environment as ductile (EnAD)” variable was a strong determinant of sustainable behavior as it related to groundwater use, and that EnAE had the highest causal effect on the behavior of agricultural groundwater users. The adjusted model explained 41% variance of “groundwater sustainable behavior”. Based on the results, the groundwater sustainable behaviors of agricultural groundwater users were found to be affected by personal and subjective norm variables and that they are influenced by casual effects of the “environment as ductile (EnAD)” variable. The conclusions reflect the Fars agricultural groundwater users’ attitude or worldview on groundwater as an unrecoverable resource; thus, it is necessary that scientific disciplines like hydrogeology and psycho-sociology be considered together in a comprehensive approach for every groundwater study.  相似文献   

Correction to: Numerical solution and convergence analysis of steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs     

H. Hajinezhad  Ali R. Soheili  Mohammad R. Rasaei  F. Toutounian 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(6):1445-1445

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Fingerprinting groundwater salinity sources in the Gulf Coast Aquifer System,USA     

Ali H. Chowdhury  Bridget R. Scanlon  Robert C. Reedy  Steve Young 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):197-213

Understanding groundwater salinity sources in the Gulf Coast Aquifer System (GCAS) is a critical issue due to depletion of fresh groundwater and concerns for potential seawater intrusion. The study objective was to assess sources of groundwater salinity in the GCAS using ～1,400 chemical analyses and ～90 isotopic analyses along nine well transects in the Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Salinity increases from northeast (median total dissolved solids (TDS) 340 mg/L) to southwest (median TDS 1,160 mg/L), which inversely correlates with the precipitation distribution pattern (1,370– 600 mm/yr, respectively). Molar Cl/Br ratios (median 540–600), depleted δ²H and δ¹⁸O (?24.7‰, ?4.5‰) relative to seawater (Cl/Br ～655 and δ²H, δ¹⁸O 0‰, 0‰, respectively), and elevated ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios (～100), suggest precipitation enriched with marine aerosols as the dominant salinity source. Mass balance estimates suggest that marine aerosols could adequately explain salt loading over the large expanse of the GCAS. Evapotranspiration enrichment to the southwest is supported by elevated chloride concentrations in soil profiles and higher δ¹⁸O. Secondary salinity sources include dissolution of salt domes or upwelling brines from geopressured zones along growth faults, mainly near the coast in the northeast. The regional extent and large quantities of brackish water have the potential to support moderate-sized desalination plants in this location. These results have important implications for groundwater management, suggesting a current lack of regional seawater intrusion and a suitable source of relatively low TDS water for desalination.  相似文献   

Mineral chemistry and geochemistry of ophiolitic metaultramafics from Um Halham and Fawakhir,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt     

Abdel-Karim  Abdel-Aal M.  Ali  Shehata  El-Shafei  Shaimaa A. 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(7):2337-2355

International Journal of Earth Sciences - This study is focused on ophiolitic metaultramafics from Um Halham and Fawakhir, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The rocks include serpentinized...  相似文献   

Moho depth determination beneath the Zagros Mountains from 3D inversion of gravity data     

Zahra B. Ashena  Vahid E. Ardestani  Antonio G. Camacho  Ali Dehghani  José Fernández 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(3):52

Due to its geological and economic importance, the Zagros Mountains have been investigated by many researchers during the last decades. Nevertheless, in spite of all the studies conducted on the region, there are still some controversial problems concerning the structure of the Zagros Mountains, including crustal depths, demanding more insights into understanding the crustal constraints of the region. Accordingly, we have conducted a gravity study to determine Moho depth map of the Zagros Mountains region, including its major structural domains from the coastal plain of the Persian Gulf to central Iran. The employed data are the densest and most accurate terrestrial gravity data set observed until now with the precision of 5 μGal and resolution of 5 arc-minute by 5 arc-minute. To image Moho depth variations, gravity inversion software GROWTH2.0 is used, proposing the possibility to model stratified structures by means of a semi-objective exploratory 3D inversion approach. The obtained results reveal the crustal thickness of ~?30–35 km underneath the southwestern most Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt increasing northeastward to 48 km. The maximum Moho depth is estimated ~?62 km below the Zagros Mountains belt along the Main Zagros Thrust. Northeast of the study area, an average crustal thickness of 46 km is computed beneath Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc and central Iran.  相似文献   

Experimental study of bed topography variations due to placement of a triad series of vertical piers at different positions in a 180° bend     

Mohammad Vaghefi  Mohammad Javad Tabib Nazhad Motlagh  Seyyed Shaker Hashemi  Sahar Moradi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(5):102

In this study, scouring around piers perpendicular to flow (PPF) and piers toward the flow (PTF) under clear-water condition was examined by placing a set of triad cylindrical piers with a 5-cm diameter and a 15-cm center to center distance at the positions of 60, 90, and 120° of the bend at a constant flow rate of 70 l per second. Natural sand of uniform grain size and average diameter of 1 mm with a uniformity coefficient of 1.3 was used as bed material of the flume. According to the results of this study, the maximum scouring depth occurred in the PPF test situated at the position of 90° of the bend. In such a position, the maximum depth of scouring hole was equal to 1.1 times the depth of the flow at the beginning of the bend. Also, where the piers were positioned in PTF and PPF modes in a 60° angle, the maximum area of scouring hole was observed around piers and sediment piles at the downstream side of the piers. The maximum height of sedimentation occurred in the PPF test situated at the 90° position of the bend. Such a stack was as high as 0.7 times the flow depth at the beginning of the bend and was observed at the 156° position of the bend, at a 20% distance of the flume width from the inner bank. Further results as well as discussion and analysis are among other points presented in the article.  相似文献   

Delineation of potential recharge area using a hybrid model,case of Djelfa Hadjia watershed     

Salah Eddine Ali Rahmani  Brahim Chibane 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(9):214

Groundwater potential map is important for environmental assessment and water resources management. In this work, a groundwater recharge potential map was established for the watershed of Oued Djelfa Hadjia in Algeria, based on new multiparameters hybrid model. The model has hydroclimatic parameters, geological settings, slope factor, and stream network density factor as inputs. The groundwater recharge estimated by the model range from 0.71 to 14 mm. The model allows delineation of potential area of recharge. The total water abstraction in Djelfa city is about of 14 hm³; however, the calculated groundwater recharge is about 3 mm/year (min 0.71 mm and max 14 mm), which correspond to an average recharge volume of 3.9 hm³ which mean that the aquifer is under over exploitation.  相似文献   

Garnet–orthopyroxene (GOPX) geothermometer: a comparative study     

Harel?ThomasEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Haritabh?Rana  Mohammad?Shahid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(24):771

The garnet–orthopyroxene pairs are commonly found in the assemblages of basic granulites/charnockite and hence are suitable for estimating equilibrium temperature of these metamorphic rocks. At present, there are many calibrations of garnet–orthopyroxene thermometer that may confuse geologists in choosing a reliable thermometer. To test the accuracy of the garnet–orthopyroxene thermometers, we have applied 14 models formulated by a number of workers since 1980 to date. We have collated 51 samples from the literature all over the world, which has been processed through the “Gt-Opx.EXE” software. Based on the present study, we have identified a set of the best among all the 14 models which were considered under this comparative study. We have concluded that the five garnet–orthopyroxene (Gt-Opx) thermometers are the most valid and reliable of this kind of thermometer: Aranovich and Berman (Am Mineral 82:345–353, 1997), Raith et al. (Earth Sci 73:211–244, 1983), Harley (Contrib Mineral Petrol 86:359–373, 1984), Nimis and Grütter (Contrib Mineral Petrol 159:411–427, 2010), and Sen and Bhattacharya (Contrib Mineral Petrol 88:64–71, 1984).  相似文献   

Water resource management for sustainable development     

Ali Sdiri  José Pinho  Chavalit Ratanatamskul 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(6):124

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A proposed spatial index to prioritize damaged buildings for allocating USAR operations     

Hamid Reza Ranjbar  Alireza A. Ardalan  Hamid Dehghani  Mohammad Reza Saradjian 《国际地球制图》2018,33(8):791-809

A spatial index using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) is proposed in this study for prioritizing damaged buildings in the allocation of search and rescue operations after the earthquake disaster. The relevant prioritization criteria have been identified through literature review and interviews with 22 relief managers; the relative importance of these criteria and sub criteria has been computed using the FAHP method. The GIS layers equivalent to the selected criteria were prepared and integrated with one another after normalization in the GIS platform. The proposed method to prioritize the damaged buildings was implemented in the city of Varzeghan in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The obtained priority map, with five prioritization classes, is presented. Single-parameter sensitivity analysis method identifies the criteria ‘hazardous facilities’, ‘degree of building blockage’ and ‘chance of survival’ as the most effective criteria for prioritizing damaged buildings.  相似文献