Book Review     

Morris  K. 《Journal of Petrology》2001,42(4):853-854

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The sensitivity of climate simulations to the specification of mixed phase clouds     

D. Gregory  D. Morris 《Climate Dynamics》1996,12(9):641-651

In the prognostic stratiform cloud scheme used in the UK Meteorological Office Unified Model, mixed phase clouds are assumed to exist between 0 and –15 °C. Recent observations of such clouds, carried out using the C-130 aircraft of the Meteorological Research Flight, suggest that a smaller range of 0 to –9°C may be more appropriate. The sensitivity of cloud and radiation fields as simulated by a 5 × 7.5° latitude-longitude version of the Unified Model to such a reduction in the temperature range of mixed phase clouds is considered. Using a smaller temperature range systematic errors in the radiation budget of the model are reduced in mid-latitudes, bringing the model into closer agreement with ERBE data. The sensitivity of model albedo to an increase in the temperature range over which mixed phase clouds are assumed to exist, suggested by previous observational studies, is also considered together with the impact of removing the mixed phase part of the precipitation parametrization altogether.  相似文献   

Lower palaeozoic and precambrian petroleum source rocks and the coalification path of alginite     

Miryam Glikson  Dennis Taylor  Douglas Morris 《Organic Geochemistry》1992,18(6)

Organic-rich samples derived from a Middle Cambrian Formation in the Georgina Basin, and from the Middle Proterozoic of the McArthur Basin in northern and central Australia, yielded alginite ranging from immature oil shale material to overmature residue. A maturation scale has been developed based on the thermal evolution of alginite as determined from reflectance and fluorescence. The coalification path of alginite is marked by jumps in contrast to the linear path of wood-derived vitrinite. Six zones have been recognised, ranging from undermature (zone I), through the mature (zones II/III), followed by a stable stage of no change (zone IV) to the overmature (zones V and VI). The onset of oil generation in alginite as evident from the present study is at 0.3% R_{o Alg.} and is expressed in a change of fluorescence from yellow to brown, and a coalification jump from 0.3 to 0.6% R_o of Alg. In many boreholes zone III can be distinguished between 0.6 and 0.8% R_o of Alg. where subsequent oil generation occurs. Zones II and III represent the oil window.A zone of little or no change designated zone IV, at of alginite follows zones II/III. A marked coalification jump characterises zone V, where a pronounced change in reflectance occurs to >1.0% R_{o Alg.}, signifying peak gas generation. The border of oil preservation lies at the transition of zone V and VI, at 1.6% R_{o Alg.} In zone VI gas generation only occurs.Comparison of reflectance results with experimental and geochemical pyrolysis data supports high activation energies for hydrocarbon generation from alginite, and therefore a later onset of oil generation than other liptinite macerals (i.e. cutinite, exinite, resinite) as well as a narrow oil window.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that alginite does not go through a distinct intermediate stage but that the percentage of unreacted organic matter decreases as maturation proceeds. A clear distinction can be made in TEM between immature alginite, alginite after oil generation, and alginite residue following gas generation. Alginite beyond 1.6% R_o acquires very high densities and the appearance of inertinite in TEM.Bitumens/pyrobitumens make a pronounced contribution to the organic matter throughout the basins and have been shown to effect pyrolysis results by suppressing T_max. The bitumens/pyrobitumens have been divided into four groups, based on their reflectance and morphology, which in turn appears to be an expression of their genetic history. Their significance is in aiding the understanding of the basins' thermal history, and the timing of oil and gas generation.  相似文献   

Effect of chelation on toxicity of copper     

O.P. Morris  G. Russell 《Marine pollution bulletin》1973,4(10):159-160

Metals in the sea may form complexes with organic compounds, a process known as chelation, and this may modify their properties very greatly. Here the effect of chelation on the toxicity of copper to algae has been studied in the laboratory using the powerful chelating agent EDTA. Similar phenomena in the sea have implications both for anti-fouling paints, which usually contain copper, and for metal pollution in waters with a high organic content.  相似文献   

TRIFFID Photometry of Globular Cluster Cores — I. Photometric Techniques and Variable Stars in M15     

Butler  Shearer  Redfern  Colhoun  O'Kane  Penny  Morris  Griffiths  & Cullum 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,296(2):379-391

The Galway/DIAS Image Sharpening Camera, TRIFFID, has been used to make observations in two colours of the centre of the post-core-collapse globular cluster M15. We present here our analysis of the photometry in B over two seasons. We have combined the complementary qualities of the HST 's high astrometric precision and TRIFFID's extended coverage and photometric precision, to perform crowded-field photometry in the innermost region of M15. Our technique virtually eliminates the problem of extreme crowding which has hitherto hampered studies of the variable star populations in globular cluster cores, and thereby provides an extension of the HST 's capability. Candidate variables detected with the HST have been confirmed and monitored over longer periods. We show that most of these are RR Lyrae stars, and that one is a short-period Type II Cepheid (the third to be discovered in M15). Our photometric study also produced evidence of a similar number of new variables. These also appear to be RR Lyrae stars, except for a possible eclipsing system. Further data from an upgraded version of TRIFFID have recently been obtained to help to refine the light curves of all these objects.  相似文献   

The amino acid composition of a deep-water marine sediment from the upwelling region northwest of Africa     

Robert J. Morris 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(3):381-388

The distribution of amino acids with depth have been described for three samples of a core of recent sediment (< 1000–8000 yr) from the continental slope off N.W. Africa. Basic amino acids are more abundant than acidic amino acids in all samples. The amino acid composition of the oldest sample resembles most closely the amino acid composition of planktonic protein. It is suggested that the differences in amino acid composition of the three samples reflect diagenetic changes which are probably controlled by the environment of deposition.  相似文献   

Egg extrusion as a kepone-clearance route in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus     

Morris H. Roberts  A. Thomas Leggett 《Estuaries and Coasts》1980,3(3):192-199

The concentration of Kepone in extruded egg masses and the backfin muscles of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus, collected from seven stations in the lower James River and lower Chesapeake Bay was determined. Crabs from the lower James River were generally more contaminated than those from the lower Chesapeake Bay. Extruded eggs contain approximately three times more Kepone than backfin muscle. Egg extrusion is concluded to be a major route of Kepone clearance from female blue crabs.  相似文献   

Polystyrene spherules in the Bristol Channel     

A.W. Morris  E.I. Hamilton 《Marine pollution bulletin》1974,5(2):26-27

Small polystyrene beads are becoming a common component of the plankton in certain areas. They are derived from the effluents of polystyrene manufacturers.  相似文献   

Research on the geography of agricultural change: redundant or revitalized?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C Morris  N J Evans† 《Area》1999,31(4):349-358

Summary Future research directions for agricultural geography were the subject of debate in Area in the late 1980s, and the subsequent application of political economy ideas undoubtedly revived interest in agricultural research. This paper argues that agricultural geography contains greater diversity than the dominant political economy discourse would suggest. It reviews 'other' areas of agricultural research such as policy, post- productivism, people, culture and animals, presenting future suggestions which should ensure that agricultural research continues revitalized rather than redundant into the next millennium.  相似文献   

The association between gas and galaxies – II. The two-point correlation function     

R. J. Wilman  S. L. Morris  B. T. Jannuzi  R. Davé  A. M. Shone 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(2):735-744

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