Equilibrium,Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies on Lead (II) Biosorption from Aqueous Solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass     

Mehrorang Ghaedi  Gholam Reza Ghezelbash  Farzaneh Marahel  Shiva Ehsanipour  Asma Najibi  Mustafa Soylak 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(9):877-885

This paper presents a biosorption procedure for the preconcentration of Pb²⁺ ions using Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass. The influence of several factors including pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and temperature on biosorption efficiency were optimized. At optimum value of all the equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters of Pb²⁺ ion biosorption was investigated by testing the Langmuir and Freundlich models and first and second order kinetic models were applied. The biosorption capacity of S. cerevisiae biomass was determined 89.6 mg/g, while the retained Pb²⁺ ions by S. cerevisiae were reversibly eluted using 5 mol/L HNO₃. Due to the high stability of S. cerevisiae the applied biomass can be used successively ten times with a slightly decrease (about 20%) in the recovery of Pb²⁺ ions. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° showed that the biosorption of Pb²⁺ ion onto S. cerevisiae biomass was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic under examined conditions. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the biosorption processes of Pb²⁺ ions onto S. cerevisiae biomass followed pseudo second order kinetics.  相似文献   

Quantitative Control of Migration: A Geostatistical Attempt     

Mustafa Touati  Bertrand Iooss  Alain Galli 《Mathematical Geology》1999,31(3):277-295

This paper is devoted to a geostatistical attempt at modeling migration errors when localizing a reflector in the ground. Starting with a probabilistic velocity model and choosing the simple geometrical optics background for the wave propagation in such media, we give the expression of the errors. This may be quantified provided the covariance of the velocity field is known. Variance of arrival times at constant offset is related to the covariance of the velocity field at hand. A practical application is given in the same paragraph. After that we give a typical schema for migration and uncertainty modeling: starting with seismic data, we make the weak seismic inversion. We then obtain the covariance of the velocity field that we use for simulating migration errors. The main issues of this methodology are discussed in the last paragraph.  相似文献   

A modified light transmission visualization method for DNAPL saturation measurements in 2-D models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mustafa M. Bob  Michael C. Brooks  Susan C. Mravik  A. Lynn Wood 《Advances in water resources》2008

In this research, a light transmission visualization (LTV) method was used to quantify dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) saturation in two-dimensional (2-D), two fluid phase systems. The method is an expansion of earlier LTV methods and takes into account both absorption and refraction light theories. Based on this method, DNAPL and water saturations can rapidly be obtained point wise across sand-packed 2-D flow chambers without the need to develop a calibration curve. A single point calibration step is, however, needed when dyed DNAPL is used to account for the change in the transmission factor at the dyed DNAPL–water interface. The method was applied to measure, for the first time, undyed DNAPL saturation in small 2-D chambers. Known amounts of DNAPL, modeled by tetrachloroethylene (PCE), were added to the chamber and these amounts were compared to results obtained by this LTV method. Strong correlation existed between results obtained based on this method and the known PCE amounts with an R² value of 0.993. Similar experiments conducted using dyed PCE showed a stronger correlation between results obtained by this LTV method and the known amounts of dyed PCE added to the chamber with an R² value of 0.999. The method was also used to measure dyed PCE saturation in a large 2-D model following sparging experiments. Results obtained from image analyses following each sparging event were compared to results obtained by two independent techniques, namely gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses and carbon column extraction. There was a good agreement between the results obtained by this LTV method and those obtained by the two independent techniques when experiments were carried out under stable light source conditions and errors in mass balance were minor. The method presented here can be expanded to measure fluid contents in three fluid phase systems and provide a non-destructive, non-intrusive tool to investigate changes in DNAPL architecture and flow characteristics in laboratory experiments.  相似文献   

Thermolysis Product Distribution of Solid Waste Obtained From Olive Oil Production     

Ebru Mehmetli  Özgür Dogan  Mustafa Tiris  Nilgün Ciliz Kiran  Georg Matuschek 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(3):315-319

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Seismic hazard map of the Middle East     

Domenico Giardini  Laurentiu Danciu  Mustafa Erdik  Karin Şeşetyan  Mine B. Demircioğlu Tümsa  Sinan Akkar  Levent Gülen  Mehdi Zare 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3567-3570

The collaborative project Earthquake Model of the Middle East (EMME, 2010–2015) brought together scientists and engineers from the leading research institutions in the region and delivered state-of-the-art seismic hazard assessment covering Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey. Their efforts have been materialized in the first homogenized seismic hazard model comprising earthquake catalogues, mapped active faults, strong motions databank, ground motion models and the estimated ground motion values for various intensity measure types and relevant return periods (e.g. 475–5000 years). The reference seismic hazard map of the Middle East, depicts the mean values of peak ground acceleration with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to a mean return period of 475 years. A full resolution poster is provided with this contribution.  相似文献   

Analytical Modeling of Well Design in Riverbank Filtration Systems     

Shaymaa Mustafa  Mohamad Darwish  Arifah Bahar  Zainal Abdul Aziz 《Ground water》2019,57(5):756-763

Analytical studies for well design adjacent to river banks are the most significant practical task in cases involving the efficiency of riverbank filtration systems. In times when high pollution of river water is joined with increasing water demand, it is necessary to design pumping wells near the river that provide acceptable amounts of river water with minimum contaminant concentrations. This will guarantee the quality and safety of drinking water supplies. This article develops an analytical solution based on the Green's function approach to solve an inverse problem: based on the required level of contaminant concentration and planned pumping time period, the shortest distance to the riverbank that has the maximum percentage of river water is determined. This model is developed in a confined and homogenous aquifer that is partially penetrated by the stream due to the existence of clogging layers. Initially, the analytical results obtained at different pumping times, rates and with different values of initial concentration are checked numerically using the MODFLOW software. Generally, the distance results obtained from the proposed model are acceptable. Then, the model is validated by data related to two pumping wells located at the first riverbank filtration pilot project conducted in Malaysia.  相似文献   

Calibration of Genetic Algorithm Parameters for Mining-Related Optimization Problems     

Villalba Matamoros  Martha E.  Kumral  Mustafa 《Natural Resources Research》2019,28(2):443-456

Genetic algorithms (GA) are widely used to solve engineering optimization problems. The quality and performance of the solution generated strongly depend on the selection of the GA parameter values (crossover and mutation rates and population size). We propose an approach based on full factorial and response surface methodology experimental designs to calibrate GA parameters such that the objective function is maximized/minimized and the relative importance of the parameters is quantified. The approach was tested by applying it to stope optimization of underground mines, where profit can vary ±?7% based solely on GA parameters. Results showed that: (1) a larger population size did not always increase solution time; (2) solution time was positively related to crossover and mutation rates; and (3) simultaneous analysis of solution time and profit illustrated the trade-off between acceptable computing time and profit desirability through GA parameter selection. This approach can be used to calibrate parameters of other metaheuristics.

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Metabolic and physiological regulation of Chlorella sp. (Trebouxiophyceae,Chlorophyta) under nitrogen deprivation     

Yong  Wai-Kuan  Lim  Phaik-Eem  Vello  Vejeysri  Sim  Kae-Shin  Abdul Majid  Nazia  Mustafa  Emienour Muzalina  Nik Sulaiman  Nik Meriam  Liew  Kan-Ern  Chen  Brenna Jia-Tian  Phang  Siew-Moi 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):186-198

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - A freshwater green microalgae Chlorella sp., UMACC344 was shown to produce high lipid content and has the potential to be used as feedstock for biofuel...  相似文献   

Depositional facies of the subsurface Neogene Surma Group in the Sylhet Trough of the Bengal Basin,Bangladesh: record of tidal sedimentation     

M. Julleh Jalalur Rahman  Peter Faupl  M. Mustafa Alam 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(8):1971-1980

The Bengal Basin, in the north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, contains a thick (± 22 km) early Cretaceous-Holocene sedimentary succession. The Neogene succession in the Sylhet Trough of the basin reaches a thickness of more than 6 km of which the Surma Group contains important sandstone reservoirs. Lithologically, the group consists of a succession of alternating shales, siltstones, sandy shales and sandstones, with minor conglomerates. This research work is a sedimentological analysis of the subsurface Neogene succession encountered in the petroleum exploration wells in the Sylhet Trough of the Bengal Basin. Detailed lithologic logs of the cores, based on considering texture and sedimentary structure, permit a subdivision into eight lithofacies, e.g., a shale-dominated facies, interbedded fine sandstones and mudstones, ripple-laminated sandstones, parallel-laminated sandstones, massive sandstones, cross-bedded sandstones, cross-bedded sandstones with pebble/granule lag and conglomerates. Characteristic sedimentary structures of the Surma Group, such as flaser-, wavy- and lenticular-bedding, bipolarity of ripple cross-stratification, evenly laminated sand/silt-streaked shales, reactivation surfaces within cross-bedded sandstone sets, mud-drapes on foreset laminae and herringbone cross-stratification as well as small-scale vertical sequences (several fining-upward cycles) are diagnostic for tidal influence. On the basis of the lithofacies associations and prograding character of the deposits revealed from the electrofacies associations, the Surma Group sediments have been interpreted as representing deposits of tide-dominated deltaic depositional setting.  相似文献   

Heavy mineral distribution as related to environmental conditions for modern beach sediments from the Susanoglu (Atakent,Mersin, Turkey)     

Mustafa Gurhan Yalcin 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(1):119-129

Geochemical works were conducted on anthropogenically effective lithologic unit exposing along the Susanoglu coast in Mersin, Turkey. For this purpose, beach sand sediments from 33 stations were collected and heavy metal and oxide concentrations were analyzed. To determine the source of heavy metals (natural and anthropogenic), simple and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. According to factor analysis, three factors were determined. The first factor consists of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, TiO₂, Cr, Ni, Cu and Mo and total variance is explained with 27.502% and expressed as “natural process factor”. These elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo) are closely associated with geogenic materials and came from same sources of ultrabasic rocks (ophiolite). The second factor consists of CaO, MgO, TiO₂, MnO, Ni, Pb, Zn and W and total variance is explained with 21.505% and expressed as “anthropogenic factor”. These elements (Pb, Zn, Cd, V, W) are anthropogenic and are mainly due to the effluent or industrial input/activities and came from different sources of pollution in the study area. The third factor consists of Pb, Cd and Sb and total variance is explained with 9.748% and expressed as “intermediate factor”. The factor analysis and the cluster analysis are in support of each other. Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, Hg and Mo concentrations are greater than Turkish acceptable values and they show toxic effect. Al, Cu, Pb, Cd and Mo concentrations in beach sand deposits in the Susanoglu coast are found as 1.44, 1.26, 1.21, 1.02 and 1.04 mg/kg and higher than those in Kızkalesi beach sands. However, all other heavy metal contents are determined in low concentrations.  相似文献