Urban Water Systems Modelling for Water Removal and Ecological Functions William James (Ed) Practical Modeling of Urban Water Systems: Monograph 11 Computaional Hydraulics Int., Guelph,Canada, 511 pp, 2003, ISBN 0‐968‐36817‐4     

Theodore A. Endreny 《水文研究》2004,18(3):583-586

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Measurements of solar magnetic fields by Fourier transform techniques     

Alan M. Title  Theodore D. Tarbell 《Solar physics》1975,41(2):255-269

If the basic profile shapes of the normal Zeeman triplet do not have zeros in their Fourier transform, the magnetic field splitting can be determined independent of the profile shape. When the ratio of the splitting of the components is greater than the intrinsic FWHM of the component profiles the magnetic splitting can be determined with significantly greater accuracy than the measurement accuracy of the original profile. For Gaussian shaped components and a ratio of magnetic splitting to FWHM of 1.5 the noise reduction factor is 25.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Holger Tietze  B. Henderson-Sellers  B. Tveiten  Hans Lönegren  G. Kunkel  W. R. Stanley  Theodore Shabad  O. Biilmann  Hella Wellmer  V. Kaminske  William Ritchie  Armin Hüttermann  Gerd Lüttig  Manfred Domrös 《GeoJournal》1983,7(4):383-388

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Investigating the association between streetscapes and human walking activities using Google Street View and human trajectory data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Xiaojiang Li  Paolo Santi  Theodore K. Courtney  Santosh K. Verma  Carlo Ratti 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(4):1029-1044

Having an active lifestyle is recognized to positively contribute to public health. Creating more walkable streets and neighborhoods is an important way to promote an active lifestyle for urban residents. It is therefore important to understand how the urban built environment can influence human walking activities. In this study, we investigated the interaction of human walking activities and physical characteristics of streetscapes in Boston. A large number of anonymous pedestrian trajectories collected from a smartphone application were used to estimate human walking activities. Publicly accessible Google Street View images were used to estimate the amount of street greenery and the enclosure of street canyons, both of which were used to indicate the physical characteristics of streetscapes. The Walk Score and population were also added in the statistical analyses to control the influence of nearby urban facilities and population on human walking activities. Statistical analysis results show that both the street greenery and the enclosure of the street canyons are significantly associated with human walking activities. The associations between the streetscape variables and human walking activities vary in different land use types. The results of this study have implications for designing walkable and healthy cities.  相似文献   

Regional Correspondence in Habitat Occupancy by Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in Estuaries of the Southeastern United States     

Kerry E. Flaherty  Theodore S. Switzer  Brent L. Winner  Sean F. Keenan 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(1):206-228

Reef fishes, such as gray snapper, support important recreational and commercial fisheries and use a variety of habitats throughout ontogeny. Gray snapper juveniles may be found in estuarine nursery areas, such as seagrass beds, or mangrove shorelines, while adults are most often found in deep channels and farther offshore, associated with hard-bottom habitats. Juvenile and subadult gray snapper were collected from 1996 through 2009 during long-term fishery-independent monitoring of several estuarine systems along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of Florida. Indices of abundance and habitat suitability were constructed for gray snapper to determine size-specific relationships between abundance, habitat, and environmental conditions. Juvenile and subadult gray snapper were collected year-round only in the southernmost estuaries but were most common from July through December in all estuaries sampled. In addition to timing of estuarine occupancy, abundance varied with latitude; gray snapper were more frequently collected in warmer, southern estuaries. In general, gray snapper were most abundant in euhaline areas with a high percentage of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and, in most cases, where overhanging shoreline vegetation was also present. Annual abundance varied over the sampling period, with some juvenile peaks in abundance translating to subadult peaks in subsequent years. Although strong correspondence between juvenile and subadult populations was not observed in all systems, long-term, broad-scale habitat selection patterns as described in this study are critical to more effectively assess populations of estuarine-dependent species.  相似文献   

ISRM Suggested Method for Determining the Abrasivity of Rock by the CERCHAR Abrasivity Test     

Michael Alber  Olgay Yaralı  Filip Dahl  Amund Bruland  Heiko Käsling  Theodore N. Michalakopoulos  Marilena Cardu  Paul Hagan  Hamit Aydın  Ahmet Özarslan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):261-266

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Distribution and potential sources of organochlorine pesticides in the karst soils of a tiankeng in southwest China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yinghui Wang  Yiyin Xu  Shihua Qi  Xiaoming Li  Xiangsheng Kong  Daoxian Yuan  Oramah I. Theodore 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(6):2873-2881

This research was conducted in an attempt to assess the concentration levels and potential sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the karst soils of Dashiwei tiankeng, southwest China. The tiankeng is a karst surface expression that can act as a focal point for introduction of contaminants to groundwater system, which may serve as condenser and receiver for semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants such as OCPs. In this study, surface soil samples from Dashiwei tiankeng were collected and 23 organochlorine pesticide compounds were analyzed. The results showed that the concentration was 0.019–3.605 ng/g for DDTs (sum of p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDT), 0.001–0.218 ng/g for HCHs (sum of α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), 0.003–0.290 ng/g for CHLs (sum of heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, TC, CC and trans-nonachlor), 0.001–0.064 ng/g for endosulfan (sum of α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan), 0.008–1.630 ng/g for HCB and 0.023–0.928 ng/g for other OCPs (sum of aldrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, endrin, endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone). The total OCPs concentrations varied from 0.055 to 5.216 ng/g. The ratio of DDT/(DDE + DDD) in the floor soils of Dashiwei tiankeng ranged from 0.434 to 0.797, suggesting a mostly historical residue of technical DDT contamination. However, the ratio of DDT/(DDE + DDD) in the upper rim soils was higher than one, which that there was fresh DDT application nearby. Both the floor and upper rim soils of Dashiwei tiankeng had high ratios of o,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDT (range of 0.016–10.833 with mean of 5.424 and 4.667–7.714 with mean of 5.723, respectively), which implied that the primary source of DDTs was probably from dicofol-type DDT products. The average ratios of α-/γ-HCH were 24.435 in the floor soils and 1.067 in the upper rim soils, together with the averaged percentages of β-HCH among the total HCH isomers (accounting for 33.772 %), indicating that the HCHs were a dominant contribution from technical HCH usage in the past.  相似文献   

Initial Calibration of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)     

Paul Boerner  Christopher Edwards  James Lemen  Adam Rausch  Carolus Schrijver  Richard Shine  Lawrence Shing  Robert Stern  Theodore Tarbell  Alan Title  C. Jacob Wolfson  Regina Soufli  Eberhard Spiller  Eric Gullikson  David McKenzie  David Windt  Leon Golub  William Podgorski  Paola Testa  Mark Weber 《Solar physics》2012,275(1-2):41-66

The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is an array of four normal-incidence reflecting telescopes that image the Sun in ten EUV and UV wavelength channels. We present the initial photometric calibration of AIA, based on preflight measurements of the response of the telescope components. The estimated accuracy is of order 25%, which is consistent with the results of comparisons with full-disk irradiance measurements and spectral models. We also describe the characterization of the instrument performance, including image resolution, alignment, camera-system gain, flat-fielding, and data compression.  相似文献   

The study of mercury pollution distribution around a chlor-alkali petrochemical complex, Bandar Imam, southern Iran     

M. Godarzi Nik  B. Shahbazi  K. Grigoryan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(5):1485-1492

Sewage outflow resulting from a chlor-alkali unit of Bandar Imam Petrochemical Complex (BIPC) has been released into the Persian Gulf (Khoor Moosa) for many years, leading to seawater contamination and finally influencing the ecological conditions and the marine ecosystem. In this study, in order to determine the distribution pattern of contaminated points in sea sediments, 15 stations were selected for Hg-content determination in sediments regarding its distribution and relation with contaminant source inflow into the sea. The Hg content of the samples ranged from 0.03 to 103.7 ppm, the maximum of which was detected in a sample collected from a depth of 0–10 cm, somewhere close to a sewage outflow channel of a chlor-alkali unit. Hg content of sediments had a meaningful relationship with chlor-alkali unit outflow volume. As geological setting within the area cannot provide the water with the present level of mercury, the resulting contamination should be due to BIPC activity.  相似文献   

Seismic performance and probabilistic collapse resistance assessment of steel moment resisting frames with fluid viscous dampers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Choung‐Yeol Seo  Theodore L. Karavasilis  James M. Ricles  Richard Sause 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(14):2135-2154

This paper evaluates the seismic resistance of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with supplemental fluid viscous dampers against collapse. A simplified design procedure is used to design four different steel MRFs with fluid viscous dampers where the strength of the steel MRF and supplemental damping are varied. The combined systems are designed to achieve performance that is similar to or higher than that of conventional steel MRFs designed according to current seismic design codes. Based on the results of nonlinear time history analyses and incremental dynamic analyses, statistics of structural and non‐structural response as well as probabilities of collapse of the steel MRFs with dampers are determined and compared with those of conventional steel MRFs. The analytical frame models used in this study are reliably capable to simulate global frame collapse by considering full geometric nonlinearities as well as the cyclic strength and stiffness deterioration in the plastic hinge regions of structural steel members. The results show that, with the aid of supplemental damping, the performance of a steel MRF with reduced design base shear can be improved and become similar to that of a conventional steel MRF with full design base shear. Incremental dynamic analyses show that supplemental damping reduces the probability of collapse of a steel MRF with a given strength. However, the paper highlights that a design base shear equal to 75% of the minimum design base shear along with supplemental damping to control story drift at 2% (i.e., design drift of a conventional steel MRF) would not guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. At 75% design base shear, a tighter design drift (e.g., 1.5% as shown in this study) is needed to guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献