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排序方式: 共有169条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Ikawa Hiroki Kuwagata Tsuneo Haginoya Shigenori Ishigooka Yasushi Ono Keisuke Maruyama Atsushi Sakai Hidemitsu Fukuoka Minehiko Yoshimoto Mayumi Ishida Sachinobu Chen Charles P. Hasegawa Toshihiro Watanabe Tsutomu 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2021,179(3):447-476
Boundary-Layer Meteorology - Known as the heat-mitigation effect, irrigated rice-paddy fields distribute a large fraction of their received energy to the latent heat during the growing season. The... 相似文献
72.
We monitored acoustic emission (AE) events during an in-situ direct shear test on a specimen composed of a slate-dominant alternation of slate and sandstone, measuring 0.5 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.2 m high. The test was conducted in a survey tunnel for an underground powerhouse in central Japan. The AE epicenters located on a fractured plane are compared with the locations of joints and a loosening seam, the height distribution of the fractured plane, and the horizontal movement of the test block prior to failure. We conclude that an initially intact region of rock bounded by the joints and the seam is fractured, generating the AE. Considering these results in connection with asperity models of seismogenic faulting for a subduction-zone earthquake, the significant contrast of stress conditions derived from the geological inhomogeneity and the uneven fractured plane is analogous to that due to subducted seamounts and horst-graben structures on a subducted oceanic plate. For an inland earthquake, the intact regions on an expected shear plane can be considered to be a portion of the fault asperity that causes strong ground motion, while the weakened portion can be considered to correspond to a region of aseismic creep. Consequently, large-scale inhomogeneous rock fracturing experiments such as the in-situ direct shear test may provide useful insights as analog models of seismogenic faulting. Furthermore, understanding of inhomogeneous rock-mass fracturing obtained from such experiments will not only contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of earthquakes but also provide valuable knowledge for AE monitoring applications in rock engineering, such as the predictions of rockbursts in mines and the monitoring of fractures around large underground chambers. 相似文献
73.
Mineralogical and spectroscopic characterization,and potential environmental use of limestone from the Abiod formation,Tunisia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ali Sdiri Teruo Higashi Tamao Hatta Fakher Jamoussi Norio Tase 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(6):1275-1287
Limestone beds of the Late Cretaceous Abiod formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian system) are fundamentally important for the
economic growth of the raw material sector in Tunisia. However, little attention has been paid to the detailed physical and
chemical properties of the Abiod limestone. Nine limestone samples collected from the Abiod formation outcropping in the areas
of Bizerte, Gafsa and Gabes, Tunisia, as well as their separated clay fractions, were characterized using different techniques,
such as XRF, XRD, FTIR and TG/DTA. XRF showed the chemical composition of the limestone in which calcium carbonate was the
main constituent, and silica, iron and magnesium were the impurities. XRD also confirmed the presence of small amounts of
clay minerals and quartz along with sharp peaks of calcite. FTIR spectra indicated that the limestone was mainly composed
of CaCO3 in the form of calcite, as identified by its main characteristic absorption bands. These data were in agreement with XRD
and XRF analysis data. The TG/DTA curves of the limestone samples, showing a close similarity to that of pure calcium carbonate,
exhibited an endothermic peak between 600 and 760°C, with the maximum near 750°C. Moreover, FTIR spectra of clay fraction
samples indicated high silica content in some samples. Especially the samples SD1 and SD2 collected in the northern area showed
higher amounts of silica compared with those of AS1, AS2, CHB, ZNC, SND, MKM and GBS collected from southern districts. However,
among the latter seven samples, one could recognize two groups based on the clay mineral investigations: (1) limestone with
minor amounts of smectite and mixed layer minerals of smectite/illite (AS1 and 2, CHB, ZNC, SND and GBS) and (2) limestone
with smectite, kaolinite and apatite (SND and MKM). Differences in these mineralogical and chemical characteristics should
be considered when limestone from the Abiod formation is utilized as a medium for heavy metal removal from wastewater. 相似文献
74.
75.
We present the results of the quasi‐static cyclic tensile tests of Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloy (SMA) bars of 4 and 8 mm diameters to examine their superelasticity and other mechanical properties closely related to seismic applications. The present Cu–Al–Mn SMA bars have achieved the recovery strains of over 8% and the fracture strains of over 17%. Low‐cycle fatigue was observed in neither of the bars. The mechanical properties obtained from the test, along with the lower material cost and higher machinability than Ni–Ti SMAs, demonstrate the high potential of the present Cu–Al–Mn SMA bars to be used in seismic applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
We propose a methodology for estimating the residence time of groundwater based on bomb-produced (36)Cl. Water samples were collected from 28 springs and 2 flowing wells located around Mt. Fuji, Central Japan. (36)Cl/Cl ratios in the water samples, determined by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), were between 43 × 10(-15) and 412 × 10(-15). A reference time series of the above-background (i.e., bomb-derived) (36)Cl concentration was constructed by linearly scaling the background-corrected Dye-3 data according to the estimated total bomb-produced (36)Cl fallout in the Mt. Fuji area. Assuming piston flow transport, estimates of residence time were obtained by comparing the measured bomb-derived (36)Cl concentrations in spring water with the reference curve. The distribution of (36)Cl-based residence times is basically consistent with that of tritium-based estimates calculated from data presented in previous studies, although the estimated residence times differ between the two tracers. This discrepancy may reflect chlorine recycling via vegetation or the relatively small change in fallout rate, approximately since 1975, which would give rise to large uncertainties in (36)Cl-based estimates of recharge for the period, approximately since 1975. Given the estimated ages for groundwater from flowing wells, dating based on a (36)Cl bomb pulse may be more reliable and sensitive for groundwater recharged before 1975, back as far as the mid-1950s. 相似文献
77.
78.
Sau Pin Kok Tomohiko Kikuchi Tatsuki Toda Norio Kurosawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(5):599-613
The diversity of protistan microplankton in Sagami Bay was revealed by 18S rRNA gene clone analysis using newly designed PCR primers. PCR amplification consisted of a first reaction targeting the V3–V5 region of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by a nested reaction targeting the V3–V4 region. In total, 629 clones consisting of 108 phylotypes were affiliated with a variety of protistan groups including dinoflagellates, diatoms, prymnesiomonada, chlorophyta, ciliophora, cercozoa, and heterokonta. The dinoflagellate group was detected most frequently and shared approximately 74?% of the total clones. Within this group, approximately half of the clones belonged to the parasitic dinoflagellate Syndiniales group I, which was first reported from Sagami Bay. The genera Woloszynskia, Gonyaulax, Neoceratium, and Karlodinium have not been reported from this bay until now. The second most frequent group was diatoms, which shared approximately 22?% of the total clones. Within this group, highly diverse Thalassiosira phylotypes were detected, and they shared approximately 70?% of the diatom clones. Therefore, highly diverse protists including some candidate groups were successfully detected, indicating that the designed primers and PCR protocol will be useful for molecular diversity analyses of protistan microplankton communities in aquatic environments. 相似文献
79.
Although for decades, public participation in disaster risk management has been strongly advocated for, in reality, it remains elusive. Planners and practitioners are still struggling to find ways to meaningfully involve the local community in disaster management programs; so far, apparently successful projects and initiatives have seldom been scaled up or replicated. The reason for this is that no comprehensive framework for participatory disaster risk management exists, and no systematic evaluation has been made to assess the necessary elements and appropriate paths for meaningful public participation in disaster management. This study attempts to examine the process and identify outcome-based factors that account for successful participatory disaster risk management. To accomplish this, we have evaluated reconstruction projects in earthquake-affected rural Gujarat, India, where the government envisioned a people-centric reconstruction project, but provided no public participation framework or guidelines. As a result, several reconstruction models pursuing different levels and types of public participation ultimately emerged. We selected three dominant reconstruction approaches and examined the extent to which various processes and outcome-based factors were successful in promoting ideal levels of public participation during these reconstruction projects. This study is considered an example of pioneering research in defining factors that account for successful participatory disaster risk management. 相似文献
80.
Recognition of shear heating on a long‐lived major fault using Raman carbonaceous material thermometry: implications for strength and displacement history of the MTL,SW Japan
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The extent to which movement on major faults causes long term shear heating is a contentious issue and an important aspect in the debate about the strength of major faults in the crust. Comparing the results of experimental work on the kinetics of crystallization of carbonaceous material with results of thermal modeling show that the Raman carbonaceous material (CM) geothermometer is well suited to studying shear heating on geological time scales in suitable lithologies exposed around exhumed major fault zones. The Median Tectonic Line (MTL), SW Japan, is the largest on‐land fault in Japan with a length of > 800 km. Application of Raman CM thermometry to pelitic schist adjacent to the fault reveals the presence of a rise in peak temperature of around 60 °C over a distance of around 150 m perpendicular to the MTL fault plane. The spatial association of this thermal anomaly with the fault implies it is due to shear heating. Thermal modeling shows the recorded thermal anomaly and steep temperature gradient is compatible with very high rates of displacement over time scales of a few thousand years. However, the implied displacement rates lie outside those generally observed. An alternative explanation is that an originally broader thermal anomaly that developed during strike slip faulting was shortened due to the effects of normal faulting. Constraints on displacement rate, width of the original anomaly, duration of heating and peak temperature imply a coefficient of friction, μ, greater than 0.4. 相似文献