Vulnerability and adaptation of coastal communities to climate variability and sea-level rise: Their implications for integrated coastal management in Cavite City,Philippines     

Ramon Faustino M. Sales 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(7):395-404

Coastal areas are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise. These impacts will exacerbate the risks posed by the continuing environmental degradation confronting the coastal communities.Adopting a participatory research approach, the study examines the vulnerability of socioeconomic groups among the coastal population in Cavite City, Philippines, their current adaptation strategies and their adaptive capacity to cope with the impacts of climate variability and extremes and sea-level rise. Under a future scenario of a 1-m accelerated sea-level rise (ASLR), the study also looks into its potential effects on these urban coastal communities and ecosystems.In the context of poverty reduction and sustainable development, this study suggests a local framework for integrating adaptation strategies and actions into integrated coastal management (ICM) planning. It also recommends appropriate policy and institutional reform, capacity building and improved knowledge management towards increasing the resilience and adaptive capacity of these coastal communities to current and future climate risks.  相似文献   

Uppermost Lower Aptian transgressive records in Mexico and Spain: chronostratigraphic implications for the Tethyan sequences     

Josep A. Moreno‐Bedmar  Telm Bover‐Arnal  Ricardo Barragán  Ramon Salas 《地学学报》2012,24(4):333-338

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Hydrolytic ectoenzyme activity associated with suspended and sinking organic particles within the anoxic Cariaco Basin     

Gordon T. Taylor  Robert Thunell  Ramon Varela  Claudia Benitez-Nelson  Mary I. Scranton 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(8):1266-1283

Ectohydrolase activities of suspended microbiota were compared to those associated with sinking particles (sed-POM) retrieved from sediment traps deployed in the permanently anoxic Cariaco Basin. In shore-based assays, activities of aminopeptidase, β-glucosidase, chitinase and alkaline phosphatase were measured in samples obtained from oxic and anoxic depths using MUF- and MCA-labeled fluorogenic substrate analogs. Hydrolysis potentials for these enzymes in the seston varied widely over the nine cruises sampled (8 Nov 1996–3 May 2000) and among depths (15–1265 m); from <10 to over 1600 nM d^?1 hydrolysate released, generally co-varying with one another and with suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN). Hydrolytic potentials, prokaryotic abundances and POC/PN concentrations in sinking debris were 400–1.3×10⁷ times higher than in comparable volumes of seawater. However when normalized to PN, hydrolytic potentials in sediment trap samples were not demonstrably higher than in Niskin bottle samples. We estimate that PN pools in sediment trap samples were turned over 2–1400 times (medians=7–26x) slower by hydrolysis than were suspended PN pools. Median prokaryotic growth rates (divisions d^?1) in sinking debris were also ～150 times slower than for bacterioplankton. Hydrolytic potentials in surface oxic waters were generally faster than in underlying anoxic waters on a volumetric basis (nM hydrolysate d^?1), but were not significantly (p>0.05) different when normalized to PN or prokaryote abundances. Alkaline phosphatase was consistently the most active ectohydrolase in both sample types, suggesting that Cariaco Basin assemblages were adapted to decomposing phosphate esters in organic polymers. However, phosphorus limitation was not evident from nutrient inventories in the water column. Results support the hypothesis that efficiencies of polymer hydrolysis in anoxic waters are not inherently lower than in oxic waters.  相似文献   

Evolution of fault zones in carbonates with mechanical stratigraphy – Insights from scale models using layered cohesive powder     

Heijn W. van Gent  Marc Holland  Janos L. Urai  Ramon Loosveld 《Journal of Structural Geology》2010,32(9):1375-1391

We present analogue models of the formation of dilatant normal faults and fractures in carbonate fault zones, using cohesive hemihydrate powder (CaSO₄·½H₂O). The evolution of these dilatant fault zones involves a range of processes such as fragmentation, gravity-driven breccia transport and the formation of dilatant jogs. To allow scaling to natural prototypes, extensive material characterisation was done. This showed that tensile strength and cohesion depend on the state of compaction, whereas the friction angle remains approximately constant. In our models, tensile strength of the hemihydrate increases with depth from 9 to 50 Pa, while cohesion increases from 40 to 250 Pa. We studied homogeneous and layered material sequences, using sand as a relatively weak layer and hemihydrate/graphite mixtures as a slightly stronger layer. Deformation was analyzed by time-lapse photography and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to calculate the evolution of the displacement field. With PIV the initial, predominantly elastic deformation and progressive localization of deformation are observed in detail. We observed near-vertical opening-mode fractures near the surface. With increasing depth, dilational shear faults were dominant, with releasing jogs forming at fault-dip variations. A transition to non-dilatant shear faults was observed near the bottom of the model. In models with mechanical stratigraphy, fault zones are more complex. The inferred stress states and strengths in different parts of the model agree with the observed transitions in the mode of deformation.  相似文献   

Major ion and isotope geochemistry of fluids and gases from coalbed methane and shallow groundwater wells in Alberta,Canada     

Katrina Cheung  Patrick Klassen  Bernhard Mayer  Fariborz Goodarzi  Ramon Aravena 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

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On-line access to ground water     

Ragone SE  Llamas MR 《Ground water》2006,44(4):500-500

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Hydrochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Puebla aquifer system,Mexico   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jaime Gárfias  N. Arroyo  R. Aravena 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(8):1789-1805

Significant upward movement of mineralized water takes place in the Puebla aquifer system. Preferential groundwater flow paths related to the geological structure and the lowering of the potentiometric surface are suspected to be the prime factors for this intrusion. A combined approach of geochemical and isotope analyses was used to assess the sources of salinity and processes that are controlling the changes in groundwater chemical composition in the Puebla aquifer. Geochemical and isotope data indicate that the likely source of increased solutes is mineralized water from the dissolution of evaporites of the Cretaceous age at the base of the Upper deep aquifer, which is deeper than the intakes of the shallow wells. Dedolomitization and cation exchange seems also to occur along flow paths where sulphate concentrations tend to increase. The deep regional flow paths controls the chemical stratification of groundwater in response to decreased heads through interconnecting vertical and horizontal pathways, such as in the Fosa Atlixco. The results also suggest that high sulphate concentrations originating in the Lower deep aquifer are currently affecting shallow production wells. It is concluded that hydrodynamic aspects together with hydrogeochemical characteristics need to be taken into account to correctly explain the hydrochemical evolution in the stratified aquifer.  相似文献   

Discovery of Earth's quasi‐satellite     

Martin Connors  Christian Veillet  Ramon Brasser  Paul Wiegert  Paul Chodas  Seppo Mikkola  Kimmo Innanen 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2004,39(8):1251-1255

Abstract— The newly discovered asteroid 2003 YN₁₀₇ is currently a quasi‐satellite of the Earth, making a satellite‐like orbit of high inclination with apparent period of one year. The term quasi‐satellite is used since these large orbits are not completely closed, but rather perturbed portions of the asteroid's orbit around the Sun. Due to its extremely Earth‐like orbit, this asteroid is influenced by Earth's gravity to remain within 0.1 AU of the Earth for approximately 10 years (1997 to 2006). Prior to this, it had been on a horseshoe orbit closely following Earth's orbit for several hundred years. It will re‐enter such an orbit, and make one final libration of 123 years, after which it will have a close interaction with the Earth and transition to a circulating orbit. Chaotic effects limit our ability to determine the origin or fate of this object.  相似文献   

Call for applications for two Editor-in-Chief positions of Astrophysics and Space Science (Ap&SS)     

Ramon Khanna 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,346(1):1-1

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Contributors to the frequency of intense climate disasters in Asia-Pacific countries     

Vinod Thomas  Jose Ramon G. Albert  Cameron Hepburn 《Climatic change》2014,125(3-4):381-398

With record breaking heat waves, dryness, and floods in several parts of the world in recent years the question arises whether and to what extent the hazard of hydrometeorological extreme weather events has changed, and if changes can be attributed to specific causes. The methodology of probabilistic event attribution allows to evaluate such potential changes in the occurence probabilities of particular types of extreme events. We show that such a probabilistic assessment not only provides information on changing hazards in hydrometerological events but also permits statements about multivariate combinations of hydrometeorological variables. Hence attribution studies could be targeted specifically towards relevant impacts in particular sectors, if different suitable multivariate proxies are used. We demonstrate our methodology by using combinations of temperature, precipitation and humidity in the large ensemble of climate simulations within the weather@home project in order to derive impact-relevant quantities such as a seasonal water balance and heat stress imposed on the human body. Finally, we estimate the hazard probabilities of those events in South-East Europe, a region that has recently experienced severe summer dryness (2012) in combination with multiple heat waves.  相似文献