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Geostatistical interpretations of ground water monitoring data are presented to define the spatial distributions of NO3 - -N in the ground water at two demonstration test sites in the Idaho Snake River Plain. Sequential Gaussian simulation was used to delineate monthly ground water NO3 - -N changes during and after implementation of a prescribed crop rotation at test site 1. Trend surface analyses were used to illustrate monthly ground water NO3 - -N changes during and after a prescribed irrigation practice was implemented at test site 2. These evaluations suggest that geostatistically based ground water monitoring can be effective in the delineation of changes in ground water quality in shallow, unconfined aquifers in agricultural areas such as those in southern Idaho. Geostatistical methods showed spatial and temporal changes in ground water NO3 - -N inferred to be a result of the agricultural practices implemented. 相似文献
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Spatial decision-making in time-critical situations requires effective and usable two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) cartographic products. Holographic displays allow decision makers to work with auto-stereoscopic maps without the hassle of interacting with complex user interfaces or additional vision hardware. Holographic production processes have advanced greatly in a short period and now support timely and full integration of digital 3D models in geospatial holograms. George Mason University’s and Zebra Imaging’s research on interactive holographic motion displays showcases the leadership in moving cartography and geovisualization research in the US forward. In close cooperation with academic researchers, decision makers, and domain experts, the usability and usefulness of these cartographic products is tested and design guidelines for effective geospatial holograms are being developed. 相似文献
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Catherine L. V. Caillet Komorowski Ernst K. Zinner Kevin D. McKeegan Rick Hervig Peter R. Buseck 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1159-1182
Abstract— We report the study of an unusual compact type A refractory inclusion, named the White Angel, from the Leoville CV3 meteorite. The petrologic, mineral chemical, isotopic, and trace‐element signatures of this once‐molten Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion (CAI), which contains large, equant wollastonite crystals, indicate a short multistage history that occurred very early, before substantial decay of 26Al. Magnesium in the inclusion is isotopically heavy, with FMg reaching 18‰/amu, in the range of fractionated and with unidentified nuclear effects (FUN) inclusions. However, the absence of any nuclear anomalies in Ca and Ti and an inferred 26Al/27Al ratio of (5.5 ± 0.9) × 10?5 indicate that the White Angel belongs to the F inclusions. Silicon and oxygen are also mass fractionated in favor of the heavy isotopes, but to a lesser extent. The O isotopes show a range in 16O excesses. On an O three‐isotope plot, data points lie on a line parallel and to the right of the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral mixing line, with wollastonite being the most 16O‐rich phase. The chondrite‐normalized rare earth and trace‐element pattern of the whole inclusion is the complement of an ultrarefractory pattern indicating that precursor phases of the CAI must have condensed in an Al‐, heavy rare earth element (HREE)‐depleted reservoir. Melting of those precursor phases in an 16O‐rich environment and evaporation led to mass‐dependent isotopic fractionation of Mg, Si, and O. Partial isotopic exchange with a reservoir containing unfractionated Mg took place at a later stage but before any measurable decay of 26Al. Some minerals (melilite and perovskite) in the White Angel equilibrated oxygen isotopes with a relatively 16O‐poor reservoir that was also mass‐fractionated toward the heavy isotopes, different from that with which the normal or FUN inclusions interacted. 相似文献
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Biplob Das Anita Narwani Blake Matthews Rick Nordin Asit Mazumder 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(2):167-181
We investigated how the history of local disturbances in a watershed can influence the regional coherence of ecosystem properties
in lakes that have similar morphometry and climatic conditions. We measured sedimentary δ13C, δ15N, C:N and %BSiO2 in Sooke Lake Reservoir (SOL) and Shawnigan Lake (SHL), which are located within 4 km of each other on Vancouver Island,
Canada. SOL is an impounded lake whose watershed has been fully protected over the last century, although the lake level has
been raised 3 times via impoundment during this period. SHL has a similar limnological regime, but the surrounding watershed
has been developed extensively for residential uses. We investigated how a pulse disturbance regime in SOL (i.e. repeated
dam raising) and a press disturbance regime in SHL (i.e. persistent development) influenced the variability of paleoindicators
in each system over time. We found that these contrasting disturbance regimes reduced the regional temporal coherence of aquatic
productivity between the two lakes (indicated by %BSiO2), but did not influence the regional coherence of nutrient status or the main carbon sources of the lakes (indicated by %C,
%N and δ13C). In contrast, an indicator of the sources and cycling of nitrogen (δ15N) showed increased coherence. Local disturbances also affected the variability of the paleoindicators within each system
over time. In SOL, impoundments led to both declines (%N, δ15N) and increases (δ13C) in the variability of paleoindicators. In SHL, persistent watershed development led to lower variability of two paleoindicators
(%N, %BSiO2). Overall, our data suggest that local disturbances can influence the %BSiO2 and C:N ratio of lake sediments, but are less likely to alter the regional coherence of %C, %N and δ13C between lakes.
Biplob Das and Anita Narwani contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
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Using data from SOI-MDI (Haber et al., 2000), we compute the local frequencies of high-degree p modes and f modes. The frequencies are obtained through ring-diagram mode fitting. The Dense-Pack data set consists of a mosaic of 189 overlapping tiles, each tracked separately at the surface rotation rate over 1664-min time intervals during the Dynamics Programs. Each tile is 16° square and the tile centers are separated by 7.5° in latitude and longitude. For each sampling day and for each tile, we have computed the frequency shift measured relative to the temporal and spatial average of the entire set of frequencies. The motion of active regions as they rotate across the solar disk is vividly traced by these measurements. Active regions appear as locations of large positive frequency shifts. If the shifts are averaged over the solar disk and are scaled down to the appropriate wave number regime, the magnitude and frequency dependence of the shifts are consistent with the measured changes in global oscillation frequencies that occur over the solar cycle. As with the frequency shifts of low-degree global oscillations, the frequency dependence of the shifts indicates that the physical phenomena inducing the shifts is confined to the surface layers of the Sun. 相似文献