Internal wave characteristics in the eastern Arabian Sea during summer monsoon     

P G K Murthy  G S Sharma  V V James  K V Suseela 《Journal of Earth System Science》1992,101(4):317-327

The time series BT profiles and surface winds and atmospheric pressure, collected in the deep waters off Ratnagiri and Karwar during summer monsoon were utilized to document the characteristics of internal waves (IW). Low-frequency (≤2, cycle per day (cpd)) IW off Ratnagiri are found to propagate at 83 cm/s with wavelengths of 45 km and wave heights upto 40 m. These parameters for high-frequency (>2 cpd) IW off Karwar correspond to 99 cm/s, 3 km and 23 m. The IW off Karwar appear to leave the station at 70° (±10°) (measured from the horizontal). The data sets were further analysed to address the harmonic composition of the IW and identify the possible sources for the observed IW fields. Power spectra of the IW indicated energy peaks at inertial (0·6 cpd) and tidal (1 and 2 cpd) frequencies off Ratnagiri and in the high-frequency band of 0·5–2·0 cycles per hour off Karwar. The coherence between the IW and wind/tide is found to be good at several frequencies within the IW spectrum. This feature probably suggests tides as a source for the IW of tidal frequencies and winds and tides as a joint source for the IW at the remaining frequencies.  相似文献   

Reflection and transmission ofSH waves in an initially stressed medium consisting of a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid     

M. D. Sharma  M. L. Gogna 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,140(4):613-628

Biot's theory is employed to study the reflection and transmission ofSH waves in a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid half-space. The entire medium is considered under constant initial stress. Effects of sandiness, initial stress, anelasticity and viscosity of the interstitial fluid on the partitioning of energy are studied. In the presence of initial stress the incident wave starts attenuating when incider beyond a certain angle (depending upon the amount of initial stress), even if the medium is perfectly clastic. Anelasticity of the solid layer results in the dissipation of energy during transmission. The direction of attenuation vector of incident wave affects the dissipation energy to a large extent. Effect on partitioning of energy reverse at incidence after the critical angle. A complete account of energy returmed back to the underlying half-space and that which is dissipated in the overlying layer has been discussed analytically as well as numerically.  相似文献   

The versatility of digital linear filters used in computing resistivity and EM sounding curves—comments     

S.P. Sharma 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1993,30(4)

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Diffuse X-ray background measurements in the energy range 2–18 keV     

A. S. Prakasarao  D. P. Sharma  U. B. Jayanthi  U. R. Rao 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1971,10(1):150-155

Rocket measurements, of the diffuse X-ray background in the energy range 2–18 keV, conducted from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), India, are presented. The estimates of the cosmic background are derived by the method which employs the Earth and its atmosphere as a shutter to intercept the celestial X-rays. The results are shown to be consistent with a power law photon spectrum.13.6 _–3.3 ^+4.3 E ^{–1.73±0.15} photons/cm²-sec-keV-ster the spectrum being much flatter than that observed at higher energies.  相似文献   

Major Element, REE, and Other Trace Element Behavior in Amphibolite Weathering under Semiarid Conditions in Southern India     

Sharma A  Rajamani V 《The Journal of geology》2000,108(4):487-496

A body of komatiitic amphibolite, an enclave within the Archean high-grade orthogneisses in southern India, shows mild chemical weathering under semiarid conditions. Along fractures, chemical weathering has advanced (Chemical Index of Alteration &sqbl0;CIA&sqbr0;=53; CIA of fresh rock approximately 26) to the extent that secondary Mg-Fe-Al clay minerals have formed and the rock has turned brownish red, soft, and fine grained. The weathering process has resulted in the mobilization and redistribution of the so-called immobile elements Fe, Al, Ti, and REE effected by the nature of secondary mineral formation (talc vs. aluminous clay minerals) and also possibly by soil microbes. In the initial stages of secondary mineral formation, there is a small loss of Fe, Al, and REE (noticeably Eu). However, in the fracture zone as well as in the incipiently altered zone, there is significant REE enrichment, probably affected by a different precipitation mechanism. Mobilized REE may have come from a minor alteration of clinopyroxene.  相似文献   

Mapping of fault rupture of the 28 may 2004 iran earthquake (mw= 6.2) using satellite image     

M. Sharifikia  C. S. Dubey  B. K. Sharma  M. Chaudhry  P. K. Champati Ray 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2006,34(4):423-430

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The behavior of natural and anthropogenic osmium in the Hudson River-Long Island Sound estuarine system     

Karl K. Turekian  Mukul Sharma 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(17):4135-4140

The extent to which riverine Os is trapped in a temperate estuary was the aim of this study. The behavior of Os through the Hudson River, East River and the Long Island Sound (LIS) system is addressed using both natural Os and anthropogenically mobilized Os. The Os concentration ([Os]) and isotopic composition (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os) of the Mid-Atlantic Bight as inferred from the analysis of a water sample of 31‰ salinity (S) at Vineyard Sound, MA are 46 fM and 1.070, respectively. In comparison, the Hudson River at Newburgh, NY has [Os] = 68 fM and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os = 1.265. The Os concentration of the East River at the Whitestone Bridge is 51 fM and remains essentially constant proceeding eastward in the LIS despite the increase of salinity from 20‰ towards the higher value of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of water at Whitestone Bridge is 0.945 and increases eastward through the Sound to 0.979 at 7 km and then to 1.019 at 39.6 km. The behavior of Os through LIS appears to be conservative at S > 20‰. On the basis of Os concentration and isotopic composition we infer that anthropogenic Os is being added to the East River through sewers with the likely isotopic ratio of ∼0.13 and that about 24% of riverine Os must be removed at S ? 20‰. There is a net transport of about 0.4-1 mole of anthropogenic Os per year from the East River into the LIS. The residence time of Os in the ocean at present must be about 39,000 years, unless an independent source of supply of Os can be identified.  相似文献   

Geo-engineering properties of expansive soil treated with xanthan gum biopolymer     

Suresh Prasad Singh  Ritesh Das 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(2):107-122

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the effectiveness of xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer in stabilising the expansive soil. The XG biopolymer is mixed with expansive soil in different proportions such as 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.0% by weight of the dry soil mass. The plasticity, compaction, swelling, compressibility, hydraulic conductivity, strength and durability characteristics of the treated and un-treated expansive soil are examined. Results show that the plasticity index of the treated soil mass initially increases but beyond 0.5% biopolymer addition it decreases sharply. The optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of treated soil, found out from light and heavy compaction tests, do not follow any definite trend. It is also found that increasing XG content increases compressibility slightly but, it reduces swelling pressure, differential free swelling value and hydraulic conductivity remarkably. On the other hand, time-dependent compressive strength and resistance to mass loss increases with increasing XG content. Microscopic examination confirms the formation of gel-like linkage, which brings about the modifications in the treated expansive soil.  相似文献   

The shift of ravi river and the geomorphological features along its course in amritsar and gurdaspur districts of punjab     

Abraham Thomas  PK Sharma 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1998,26(1-2):57-68

Satellite remote sensing technique can be effectively utilised in mapping and monitoring the river course changes and associated geomorphological features. Ravi river, flowing along the Indo-Pakistan border, has been in the limelight for its repeated flood havoc during monsoon and abrupt encroachment at some places in the Indian territory, where it was not flowing earlier. This river, meandering in zig-zag fashion along the International boundary in Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab, poses perennial threats to the nations’s economy due to extensive destruction happening every year. An attempt has been made to map the shift of this river and the associated geomorphological features along its course using the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data (IRS-IA and IB LISS-IIFCC) of the period 1991–1993 and the Survey of India topographic sheets of the period 1972–1973. The study shows that there has been drastic changes in the course of Ravi during a span of 20 years due to human activities along its course. The river has shifted its course considerably towards India since its topography is against it. River training structures/bundhs, built by the neighbouring country, across and very near to the earlier river course has been the main reason for this drastic shifting. It is estimated that such massive structures could turn the river course towards India by atleast 1 to 5 km in the border districts of Punjab. This shifting of Ravi along international border poses a serious threat to the Nation’s defence system.  相似文献   

Geologic and tectonic evolution of the Himalaya before and after the India-Asia collision     

Kewal K. Sharma 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(4):265-282

The geology and tectonics of the Himalaya has been reviewed in the light of new data and recent studies by the author. The data suggest that the Lesser Himalayan Gneissic Basement (LHGB) represents the northern extension of the Bundelkhand craton, Northern Indian shield and the large scale granite magmatism in the LHGB towards the end of the Palæoproterozoic Wangtu Orogeny, stabilized the early crust in this region between 2-1.9 Ga. The region witnessed rapid uplift and development of the Lesser Himalayan rift basin, wherein the cyclic sedimentation continued during the Palæoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic. The Tethys basin with the Vaikrita rocks at its base is suggested to have developed as a younger rift basin (～ 900 Ma ago) to the north of the Lesser Himalayan basin, floored by the LHGB. The southward shifting of the Lesser Himalayan basin marked by the deposition of Jaunsar-Simla and Blaini-Krol-Tal cycles in a confined basin, the changes in the sedimentation pattern in the Tethys basin during late Precambrian-Cambrian, deformation and the large scale granite activity (～ 500 ± 50 Ma), suggests a strong possibility of late Precambrian-Cambrian Kinnar Kailas Orogeny in the Himalaya. From the records of the oceanic crust of the Neo-Tethys basin, subduction, arc growth and collision, well documented from the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone north of the Tethys basin, it is evident that the Himalayan region has been growing gradually since Proterozoic, with a northward shift of the depocentre induced by N-S directed alternating compression and extension. During the Himalayan collision scenario, the 10–12km thick unconsolidated sedimentary pile of the Tethys basin (TSS), trapped between the subducting continental crust of the Indian plate and the southward thrusting of the oceanic crust of the Neo-Tethys and the arc components of the Indus-Tangpo collision zone, got considerably thickened through large scale folding and intra-formational thrusting, and moved southward as the Kashmir Thrust Sheet along the Panjal Thrust. This brought about early phase (M1) Barrovian type metamorphism of underlying Vaikrita rocks. With the continued northward push of the Indian Plate, the Vaikrita rocks suffered maximum compression, deformation and remobilization, and exhumed rapidly as the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) during Oligo-Miocene, inducing gravity gliding of its Tethyan sedimentary cover. Further, it is the continental crust of the LHGB that is suggested to have underthrust the Himalaya and southern Tibet, its cover rocks stacked as thrust slices formed the Himalayan mountain and its decollement surface reflected as the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), in the INDEPTH profile.  相似文献