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991.
Analysis of Titan’s hemispheric brightness asymmetry from mapped Cassini images reveals an axis of symmetry that is tilted with respect to the rotational axis of the solid body. Twenty images taken from 2004 through 2007 show a mean axial offset of 3.8 ± 0.9° relative to the solid body’s pole, directed 79 ± 24° to the west of the sub-solar longitude. These values are consistent with recent measurements of an implied atmospheric spin axis determined from isothermal mapping by [Achterberg, R.K., Conrath, B.J., Gierasch, P.J., Flasar, F.M., Nixon, C.A., 2008. Icarus 197, 549-555]. 相似文献
992.
Robert C. Anderson Gregory H. Peters Louise Jandura Kenneth Manatt Erik Pounders Dan Sunshine 《Icarus》2009,204(2):545-7971
We report on the nature of fine particle (<150 μm) transport under simulated martian conditions, in order to better understand the Mars Science Laboratory’s (MSL) sample acquisition, processing and handling subsystem (SA/SPaH). We find that triboelectric charging due to particle movement may have to be controlled in order for successful transport of fines that are created within the drill, processed through the Collection and Handling for In situ Martian Rock Analysis (CHIMRA) sample handing system, and delivered to the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instruments. These fines will be transferred from the surface material to the portioner, a 3 mm diameter, 8 mm deep distribution center where they will drop ∼2 cm to the instrument inlet funnels. In our experiments, movement of different material including terrestrial analogs and martian soil simulants (Mars Mojave Simulant - MMS) resulted in 1-7 nanocoulombs of charge to build up for several different experimental configurations. When this charging phenomenon occurs, several different results are observed including particle clumping, adherence of material on conductive surfaces, or electrostatic repulsion, which causes like-charged particles to move away from each other. This electrostatic repulsion can sort samples based upon differing size fractions, while adhesion causes particles of different sizes to bind into clods. Identifying these electrostatic effects can help us understand potential bias in the analytical instruments and to define the best operational protocols to collect samples on the surface of Mars. 相似文献
993.
Pascal J. Elahi Robert J. Thacker Lawrence M. Widrow Evan Scannapieco 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(4):1950-1962
We explore the dependence of the subhalo mass function on the spectral index n of the linear matter power spectrum using scale-free Einstein-de Sitter simulations with n =−1 and −2.5. We carefully consider finite volume effects that may call into question previous simulations of n < −2 power spectra. Subhaloes are found using a 6D friends-of-friends algorithm in all haloes originating from high-σ peaks. For n =−1 , we find that the cumulative subhalo mass function is independent of the parameters used in the subhalo finding algorithm and is consistent with the subhalo mass function found in Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulations. In particular, the subhalo mass function is well fit by a power-law with an index of α=−0.9 , that is the mass function has roughly equal mass in subhaloes per logarithmic interval in subhalo mass. Conversely, for n =−2.5 , the algorithm parameters affect the subhalo mass function since subhaloes are more triaxial with less well-defined boundaries. We find that the index α is generally larger with α≳−0.75 . We infer that although the subhalo mass function appears to be independent of n so long as n ≳−2 , it begins to flatten as n →−3 . Thus, the common practice of using α≈−1.0 may greatly overestimate the number of subhaloes at the smallest scales in the CDM hierarchy. 相似文献
994.
Richard J. Allison Simon P. Goodwin Richard J. Parker Simon F. Portegies Zwart Richard de Grijs M. B. N. Kouwenhoven 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(3):1449-1454
We present a new method to detect and quantify mass segregation in star clusters. It compares the minimum spanning tree (MST) of massive stars with that of random stars. If mass segregation is present, the MST length of the most massive stars will be shorter than that of random stars. This difference can be quantified (with an associated significance) to measure the degree of mass segregation. We test the method on simulated clusters in both 2D and 3D and show that the method works as expected.
We apply the method to the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) and show that the method is able to detect the mass segregation in the Trapezium with a 'mass segregation ratio (MSR)' ΛMSR = 8.0 ± 3.5 (where ΛMSR = 1 is no mass segregation) down to 16 M⊙ , and also that the ONC is mass segregated at a lower level (∼2.0 ± 0.5) down to 5 M⊙ . Below 5 M⊙ we find no evidence for any further mass segregation in the ONC. 相似文献
We apply the method to the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) and show that the method is able to detect the mass segregation in the Trapezium with a 'mass segregation ratio (MSR)' Λ
995.
Robert Chapman Robert S. Priddey Nial R. Tanvir 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(3):1515-1522
There is increasing evidence of a local population of short duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRB), but it remains to be seen whether this is a separate population to higher redshift bursts. Here we choose plausible luminosity functions (LFs) for both neutron star binary mergers and giant flares from soft gamma repeaters (SGR), and combined with theoretical and observed Galactic intrinsic rates we examine whether a single progenitor model can reproduce both the overall Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) sGRB number counts and a local population, or whether a dual progenitor population is required. Though there are large uncertainties in the intrinsic rates, we find that at least a bimodal LF consisting of lower and higher luminosity populations is required to reproduce both the overall BATSE sGRB number counts and a local burst distribution. Furthermore, the best-fitting parameters of the lower luminosity population agree well with the known properties of SGR giant flares, and the predicted numbers are sufficient to account for previous estimates of the local sGRB population. 相似文献
996.
Louise O. V. Edwards † Carmelle Robert Mercedes Mollá Sean L. McGee 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(4):1953-1971
We present integral field spectroscopy of the nebular line emission in a sample of nine brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). The sample was chosen to probe both cooling flow and non-cooling flow clusters, as well as a range of cluster X-ray luminosities. The line emission morphology and velocity gradients suggest a great diversity in the properties of the line emitting gas. While some BCGs show evidence for filamentary or patchy emission (Abell 1060, Abell 1668 and MKW 3s), others have extended emission (Abell 1204, Abell 2199), while still others have centrally concentrated emission (Abell 2052). We examine diagnostic line ratios to determine the dominant ionization mechanisms in each galaxy. Most of the galaxies show regions with active galactic nucleus like spectra, however, for two BCGs, Abell 1060 and Abell 1204, the emission line diagnostics suggest regions which can be described by the emission from young stellar populations. The diversity of emission-line properties in our sample of BCGs suggests that the emission mechanism is not universal, with different ionization processes dominating different systems. Given this diversity, there is no evidence for a clear distinction of the emission-line properties between cooling flow and non-cooling flow BCGs. It is not always cooling flow BCGs which show emission (or young stellar populations), and non-cooling flow BCGs which do not. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
Gary D. Parker 《Solar physics》2009,257(1):155-167
During the descent of Ulysses following the 2001 solar north pole passage, the SOHO LASCO C2 telescope recorded a particularly strong sequence of recurrent
polarization brightness (pB) features at latitudes of around 55°. As Ulysses passed overhead, solar rotation swept the interplanetary extensions of these persistent coronal structures over the spacecraft.
Comparison of solar remote sensing and Ulysses
in situ observations through 2002 reveals the solar wind effects of very bright and recurrent K-coronal structures at high solar
latitudes and of a steeply inclined heliospheric neutral sheet (HNS). Despite the high level of solar activity, the HNS at
high latitude still organizes solar wind stream structure much as it did near the previous solar minimum. The recurrent coronal
streamers originate slow solar wind and mark the northern extremity of a very tilted HNS whose passage at Ulysses is accompanied by slow, dense solar wind, enhanced temperature, depressed α abundance, enhanced magnetic fields, and magnetic field directional changes that evolve with spacecraft latitude. 相似文献
1000.
Gunther KLETETSCHKA Robert J. LILLIS Norman F. NESS Mario H. ACUÑA Jack E. P. CONNERNEY Peter J. WASILEWSKI 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2009,44(1):131-140
Abstract— Intense magnetic anomalies over Martian surface suggest preservation of large volumes of very old crust (>3 Gyr) that formed in the presence of a global magnetic field. The global distribution of the magnetic intensities observed above the Martian crust suggests a division into three zones. Zone 1 is where the magnetic signature is negligible or of relatively low intensity at Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) satellite mapping altitude (400 km). Zone 2 is the region of intermediate crustal magnetic amplitudes and zone 3 is where the highest magnetic intensities are measured. Crater demagnetization near zone 3 reveals the presence of rocks with both high magnetic intensity and coercivity. Magnetic analyses of terrestrial rocks show that compositional banding in orogenic zones significantly enhances both magnetic coercivity and thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) efficiency. Such enhancement offers a novel explanation for the anomalously large intensities inferred of magnetic sources on Mars. We propose that both large magnetic coercivity and intensity near the South Pole is indicative of the presence of a large degree of deformation. Associated compositional zoning creates conditions for large scale magnetic anisotropy allowing magnetic minerals to acquire magnetization more efficiently, thereby causing the distinct magnetic signatures in zone 3, expressed by intense magnetic anomalies. We use a simple model to verify the magnetic enhancement. We hypothesize that magnetically enhanced zone would reside over the down welling plume at the time of magnetization acquisition. 相似文献