Book review – D.L. Clements and I. Perez-Fournon (eds.), Quasar Hosts     

Robin Williams 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,260(4):551-552

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Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in benthic invertebrates from two sites in Antarctica     

Andrew Clarke  Robin Law 《Marine pollution bulletin》1981,12(1):10-14

Samples of marine benthic invertebrates collected from two sites in the Antarctic have been analysed for both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in order to establish baseline concentrations for some classes of hydrocarbons.Samples from Signy Island, a pristine site, contained low concentrations of the hydrocarbons determined, whereas those from King Edward Cove, South Georgia, contained significantly higher concentrations. King Edward Cove has a known history of pollution from whaling operations.Platt & Mackie (1979) have suggested that the hydrocarbons in sediments from King Edward Cove are a result of the world-wide dissemination of the pyrolysis products of fossil fuels. Our work suggests, in contrast, that the hydrocarbons in the benthos are derived from local sources.  相似文献   

Petroleum hydrocarbon analyses conducted following the wreck of the supertanker Anoco Cadiz     

R.J. Law 《Marine pollution bulletin》1978,9(11):293-296

Following the wreck of the AMOCO CADIZ on 16 March 1978, samples of water, sediment and oil were collected between April and June from the Brittany coast and western English Channel and were analysed for petroleum hydrocarbons by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.  相似文献   

K-Ar dating on eastern Mexican volcanic rocks — Relations between the andesitic and the alkaline provinces     

Jean-Marie Cantagrel  Claude Robin   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1979,5(1-2)

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Electromagnetic induction in the San Juan Bay region of Vancouver Island     

G.H. Chan  H.W. Dosso  L.K. Law 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,27(2):114-121

The response of the electric and magnetic field variations over the San Juan Bay region of Vancouver Island is studied using a scaled laboratory analogue model. The laboratory frequencies simulate periods of 10 and 100 s in the geophysical problem. The model results indicate that, for both E- and H-polarization of the source field, induced current in the ocean is deflected around Cape Flattery and channelled into the Juan de Fuca Strait. With increasing period, the proportion of current channelled into the Strait decreases sharply. Induced current in the strait is also funnelled into San Juan Bay, a finger-shaped bay ca. 4 km wide and 7.5 km long, for both polarizations of the source field. The effect of the Bay on the field response is confined to the local region, within approximately 6 km of the centre of the Bay. Good agreement between field station and analogue model H_z results was obtained for the San Juan Bay. The behaviour of the Parkinson arrow for these two stations is examined with the aid of the analogue model results.  相似文献   

Aragonite dissolution on the Bermuda pedestal: Its depth and geochemical significance     

Robert A. Berner  Elizabeth K. Berner  Robin S. Keir 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1976,30(2):169-178

The depth distribution of pteropod and planktonic foram tests, and fine-grained (<62 μm) aragonite, high-Mg calcite (12 mode mol.% MgCO₃), and low-Mg calcite has been determined for surface sediments of an area of the eastern slope of the Bermuda pedestal. Over the range 1800–3000 m, fine-grained aragonite and fine-grained high-Mg calcite gradually disappear relative to fine-grained low-Mg calcite, and pteropods gradually disappear relative to planktonic forams. This is interpreted as preferential dissolution of aragonite (and high-Mg calcite) relative to low-Mg calcite over this depth range. Coarse aragonitic debris derived from shallow-water organisms living on the Bermuda platform does not show consistent disappearance over the same depth zone. Chemical analyses of bottom water samples taken at the same time as some of the sediment samples indicate that the degree of saturation with respect to aragonite Ω_A over the zone of aragonite disappearance ranges from 0.55 to 0.85; i.e. major dissolution occurs only at Ω_A values distinctly less than one. These results lend credence to the hypothesis that CaCO₃ dissolution in the oceans, both as aragonite and as calcite, takes place mainly as a response to complex chemical kinetic phenomena and not as a result of the simple attainment of undersaturation (thermodynamic hypothesis) or the resuspension of bottom sediment (hydrodynamic hypothesis).  相似文献   

Origin of a partially differentiated Titan     

Amy C. Barr  Robert I. Citron  Robin M. Canup 《Icarus》2010,209(2):858-862

Accretional temperature profiles for Saturn’s large moon Titan are used to determine the conditions needed for accretion to avoid global melting as a function of the timing, duration, and nebular conditions of Titan’s accretion. We find that Titan can accrete undifferentiated in a “gas-starved” disk even with modest quantities of ammonia mixed in with its ices. Simulations of impact-induced core formation are used to show that Titan can remain only partially differentiated after an outer Solar System late heavy bombardment capable of melting its outer layers, permitting some of its rock to consolidate into a core.  相似文献   

Persistent organic pollutants and stable isotopes in biopsy samples (2004/2006) from Southern Resident killer whales     

Krahn MM  Hanson MB  Baird RW  Boyer RH  Burrows DG  Emmons CK  Ford JK  Jones LL  Noren DP  Ross PS  Schorr GS  Collier TK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1903-1911

“Southern Resident” killer whales include three “pods” (J, K and L) that reside primarily in Puget Sound/Georgia Basin during the spring, summer and fall. This population was listed as “endangered” in the US and Canada following a 20% decline between 1996 and 2001. The current study, using blubber/epidermis biopsy samples, contributes contemporary information about potential factors (i.e., levels of pollutants or changes in diet) that could adversely affect Southern Residents. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes indicated J- and L-pod consumed prey from similar trophic levels in 2004/2006 and also showed no evidence for a large shift in the trophic level of prey consumed by L-pod between 1996 and 2004/2006. ∑PCBs decreased for Southern Residents biopsied in 2004/2006 compared to 1993–1995. Surprisingly, however, a three-year-old male whale (J39) had the highest concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑HCHs and HCB. POP ratio differences between J- and L-pod suggested that they occupy different ranges in winter.  相似文献   

The toxicological impacts of oil and chemically dispersed oil: UV mediated phototoxicity and implications for environmental effects, statutory testing and response strategies     

Kirby MF  Lyons BP  Barry J  Law RJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):472-475

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Saving lives in earthquakes: successes and failures in seismic protection since 1960   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Robin Spence 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2007,5(2):139-251

This paper will look at what we have and have not achieved in reducing the risks to human life from earthquakes in the last 50 years. It will review how success has been achieved in a few parts of the world, and consider what needs to be done by the scientific and engineering community globally to assist in the future task of bringing earthquake risks under control. The first part of the talk will re-examine what we know about the casualties from earthquakes in the last 50 years. Almost 80% of about 1 million deaths turn out to have been caused by just ten great earthquakes, together affecting a tiny proportion of the territory at risk from heavy ground shaking. The disparity between richer and poorer countries is also evident, not only in fatality rates, but also in their rates of change. But the existing casualty database turns out to be a very poor basis for observing such differences, not only because of the small number of lethal events, but also because of the very limited data on causes of death, types and causes of injury. These have been examined in detail in only a few, recent events. All that can be said with certainty is that a few wealthier earthquake-prone countries or regions have made impressive progress in reducing the risk of death from earthquakes, while most of the rest of the world has achieved comparatively little, and in some areas the problem has become much worse. The second part of the paper looks in more detail at what has been achieved country-by-country. Based on a new expert-group survey of key individuals involved in earthquake risk mitigation, it will examine what are perceived to be the successes and failures of risk mitigation in each country or group of countries. This survey will be used to highlight the achievements of those countries which have successfully tackled their earthquake risk; it will examine the processes of earthquake risk mitigation, from campaigning to retrofitting, and it will consider to what extent the achievement is the result of affluence, scientific and technical activity, political advocacy, public awareness, or the experience of destructive events. It will ask to what extent the approaches pioneered by the global leaders can be adopted by the rest. The final section of the talk will argue that it can be useful to view earthquake protection activity as a public health matter to be advanced in a manner similar to globally successful disease-control measures: it will be argued that the key components of such programmes—building in protection; harnessing new technology and creating a safety culture—must be the key components of earthquake protection strategies also. It will consider the contribution which the scientific and engineering community can make to bringing down today’s unacceptably high global earthquake risk. It will be suggested that this role is wider than commonly understood and needs to include: Building-in protection

•	Improving and simplifying information available for designers and self-builders of homes and infrastructure.
•	Devising and running “building for safety” programmes to support local builders.

Harnessing new technologies

•	Developing and testing cost-effective techniques for new construction and retrofit.

Creating a safety culture

•	Involvement in raising public awareness.
•	Political advocacy to support new legislation and other actions.
•	Prioritising action on public buildings, especially schools and hospitals.

Examples of some of these actions will be given. International collaboration is essential to ensure that the resources and expertise available in the richer countries is shared with those most in need of help. And perhaps the most important single task for the engineering community is work to counter the widespread fatalistic attitude that future earthquakes are bound to be at least as destructive as those of the past.  相似文献