储集层非均质性分析的计算机方法:以西弗吉尼亚州下密西西比系油田为例          下载免费PDF全文

迈克尔Ed.霍恩  罗纳德R.麦克道尔  戴维L.马特切恩 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(2):46-57

本文使用几种计算法和统计法研究美国西弗吉尼亚洲中部格兰尼克里克油田大Ｉｎｊｕｎ砂岩储集层的结构及其与采油量的关系。计算机程序根据已出版的资料编写，以适合（ｌ）计算渗透率对孔隙度的回归；（２）标绘三维孔隙度；（３）确定和标绘根据地球物理测井记录推断的相；（４）估算原始储量、累积产量和采油率。因为回归分析显示出测井记录和岩心孔隙度及岩心渗透率间微弱但重要的相关，所以，孔隙度可用干地层渗透率中以构成储集层的模式。也使用定量地层对比和多维定算法来估算在缺乏可用数据的情况下构造的影响。于井间使用克里格法内插绘制的剖面，突出了孔隙度较高的地带。使用地球物理测井资料和岩心描述，用聚类分析确定导电相。原始储量的估算结果与累计产量数据相结合，得出采油率的估算值。这些采油量变量图通常呈现在岩相图上观察到的相同的南北走向。  相似文献   

Reservoirs and earthquakes     

Ronald B. Meade 《Engineering Geology》1991,30(3-4):245-262

In 1982 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers published a study of reservoir-induced seismicity. The study evaluated the evidence of induced earthquakes from eight cases including Koyna, Hoover, Nurek, and Kariba. In this paper, the methods used in the 1982 study are applied to more recent data from Koyna and Aswan. The data from Aswan do not support classification of the 1981 earthquake as reservoir-induced. The data from Koyna confirm the findings of the 1982 study that the earthquakes at Koyna are not closely correlated to the reservoir operation.  相似文献   

A regional climate model for the western United States   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

Robert E. Dickinson  Ronald M. Errico  Filippo Giorgi  Gary T. Bates 《Climatic change》1989,15(3):383-422

A numerical approach to modeling climate on a regional scale is developed whereby large-scale weather systems are simulated with a global climate model (GCM) and the GCM output is used to provide the boundary conditions needed for high-resolution mesoscale model simulations over the region of interest. In our example, we use the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) community climate model (CCM1) and the Pennsylvania State University (PSU)/NCAR Mesoscale Model version 4 (MM4) to apply this approach over the western United States (U.S.). The topography, as resolved by the 500-km mesh of the CCM1, is necessarily highly distorted, but with the 60-km mesh of the MM4 the major mountain ranges are distinguished. To obtain adequate and consistent representations of surface climate, we use the same radiation and land surface treatments in both models, the latter being the recently developed Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). Our analysis emphasizes the simulation at four CCM1 points surrounding Yucca Mountain, NV, because of the need to determine its climatology prior to certification as a high-level nuclear waste repository.We simulate global climate for three years with CCM1/BATS and describe the resulting January surface climatology over the western U.S. The details of the precipitation patterns are unrealistic because of the smooth topography. Selecting five January CCM1 storms that occur over the western U.S. with a total duration of 20 days for simulation with the MM4, we demonstrate that the mesoscale model provides much improved wintertime precipitation patterns. The storms in MM4 are individually much more realistic than those in CCM1. A simple averaging procedure that infers a mean January rainfall climatology calculated from the 20 days of MM4 simulation is much closer to the observed than is the CCM1 climatology. The soil moisture and subsurface drainage simulated over 3–5 day integration periods of MM4, however, remain strongly dependent on the initial CCM1 soil moisture and thus are less realistic than the rainfall. Adequate simulation of surface soil water may require integrations of the mesoscale model over time periods.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. of up to several months or longer.  相似文献   

A Remedial Investigation of an Organically Polluted Outwash Aquifer     

Richard E. Jackson  Ronald J. Patterson 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1989,9(3):119-125

A glacial outwash aquifer underlying the Gloucester Landfill near Ottawa, Canada, has become polluted with various organic chemicals following the disposal of laboratory solvents in shallow trenches immediately above the aquifer. Several remedial alternatives have been considered by the government of Canada. Impermeable barrier walls were rejected as being unsuitable given the permeable nature of the underlying bedrock. It appears improbable that pools of liquid organic chemicals (DNAPLs) exist within the aquifer, although ganglia are likely present. Therefore, much of the contaminant plume can be removed hydraulically over a period of five years by the operation of four purge wells discharging to an on-site treatment plant from which the purified water is returned to the aquifer by recharge wells. The residual contamination is anticipated to be cleaned up by in situ biorestoration techniques currently under development.  相似文献   

Design of Ground-Water Monitoring Networks Using the Monitoring Efficiency Model (MEMO)     

Charles R. Wilson  Carl M. Einberger  Ronald L. Jackson  Richard B. Mercer 《Ground water》1992,30(6):965-970

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In Situ Chemical Sensors: How Practical Are They for Monitoring Ground Water?     

Ronald Schalla 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1992,12(4):5-6

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Toward new paradigms in coastal resource management: Linkages and institutional effectiveness     

Ronald C. Baird 《Estuaries and Coasts》1996,19(2):320-335

Explosive population growth is expected to continue in coastal regions, and growth rates many times the national average are expected in many coastal counties in the next two decades. Most shallow-water marine habitats now exhibit “stress” from human activities and linkages between adverse environmental impacts and coastal development are apparent. These linkages are complex, often not well understood, yet are expected to increase in strength as coastal populations expand. Sound science-based management strategies are essential if we are to preclude continued deterioration of coastal environments. Environmental management is a politically mediated activity, however, and a broad array of organizations, both public and private, collectively determine societal response to management decisions. While our current regulatory infrastructure has an examplary record of achievement in environmental protection, the fact remains that adverse impacts to shallow-water marine habitats continue at significant rates. Both lack of scientific information and structural problems in our current institutional infrastructure are identified as impediments to better management performance for coastal habitats. Seven structural impediments to efficient science-based management in our current institutional infrastructure are identified. The issues are complex and comprehensive reform is politically difficult. Nonetheless, the magnitude, geographic scale, and temporal urgency of anticipated impacts from future growth and development scenarios argues strongly for the implementation of sound practical solutions to environmental protection on a sustained basis. Factors affecting management performance will also be amplified in an environment of limited investment in research and management infrastructure. Among the central themes are that science-based management practices in the future will require holistic approaches in which environment and economic development are inseparable. To work effectively large-scale, regional management schemes must build political consensus and integrate knowledge at unprecedented rates. Processes that increase rates of dissemination of scientific information into the public policy arena can significantly enhance management performance. Serious doubts are raised as to whether the current regulatory infrastructure can adequately respond to the complexicty, scale, and urgency future coastal management will demand. While comprehensive institutional reform will be difficult, a number of ideas are advanced in the context of improving institutional performance to a level necessary for large-scale, sustained management of coastal ecosystems.  相似文献   

Marine,brackish, and freshwater fish communities in the vegetated and bare shallows of an Australian Coastal River     

Ronald J. West  Robert J. King 《Estuaries and Coasts》1996,19(1):31-41

Fish communities found in the marine, brackish, and freshwater shallows of the Clarence River (New South Wales, Australia) were sampled over a 12-mo period to compare communities inhabiting bare and vegetated substrata. A total of 26,107 fish representing 57 species and 36 families was collected biomonthly suing a 6-mm mesh siene. Permanent residents (i.e., species found throughout the year) were primarily gobies (Gobiidae) and gudgeons (Eleotridae). Juveniles of many species found as adults in other parts of the river were seasonally abundant in the shallows. Most numerous was a small ambassid, the glassy perchlet (Ambassis jacksoniensis), the majority of which was collected from marine and brackish regions of the river. Firetail gudgeons (Hypseleotris compressus) were caught in highest numbers at the freshwater sites. Cluster analysis suggested that fish communities in widely separated vegetated sites were more similar to each other than to those in adjacent bare sites. Shallow vegetated (Zostera capricorni) habitats in the marine region of the river had greatest diversity and highest abundances of fish, particularly during recruitment periods. At these times, juveniles of many commercially important species were captured, including yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis), sea mullet (Mugil cephalus), flat-tail mullet (Liza agentea), tarwhine (Rhabdosargus sarba), luderick (Girella tricuspidata), silver biddy (Gerres subfasciatus), and sand whiting (Sillago ciliata). The vegetated (Vallisneria gigantea) sites in the brackish region also had significantly more species and individuals during recruitment periods (spring) than bare sites. Although freshwater vegetated sites consistently had more individuals than freshwater bare sites, there were no significant differences in species richness between vegetated and bare habitats. The need to conservatively manage shallow-water fish habitats is stressed. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY073 00004  相似文献   

The solid waste dilemma     

James A. Russell  Ronald J. Hurdelbrink 《Natural Resources Research》1996,5(4):249-259

In 1976, the U.S. Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) to further address the problem of increasing industrial and municipal waste. The main objectives of RCRA were to responsibly manage hazardous and solid waste and to procure materials made from recovered wastes. To fulfill these objectives, four main programs of waste management were developed. These programs were defined under Subtitle C, the Hazardous Waste Program; Subtitle D, the Solid Waste Program; Subtitle I, the Underground Storage Tank Program; and Subtitle J, the Medical Waste Program. Subtitle D illustrates the solid waste dilemma occurring in the United States. Under this program, states are encouraged to develop and implement their own waste management plans. These plans include the promotion of recycling solid wastes and the closing and upgrading of all environmentally unsound dumps.Correspondence should be directed to Earle B. Amey, U.S. Geological Survey, National Center 983, Reston, Virginia 20192.  相似文献   

Correcting airborne flux measurements for aircraft speed variation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Timothy L. Crawford  Robert T. McMillen  Ronald J. Dobosy  Ian MacPherson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1993,66(3):237-245

Airplane aerodynamic characteristics correlate aircraft speed with vertical wind velocity, making the time average inappropriate for estimating the ensemble average in airborne eddy-correlation flux computations. The space average, the proper form, is implemented as a time integral by a transformation of variables, which can be interpreted as a ground-speed correction to the time average. The mathematical forms are presented, and the importance of the speed correction is illustrated with airborne data. The computed correction is found to be highly variable, depending on both the turbulent flow encountered and the aircraft used. In general, the speed connection becomes more important as airplane size is reduced. For a small, single-engine Long-EZ airplane, used as an example, the straight time average erred, half the time, by 12%, 10%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, for computed fluxes of momentum, heat, moisture, and CO₂. For a much heavier Twin Otter airplane, also used as an example, the straight time average erred, half the time by only 1%. These errors increased with decreasing altitude for the Long-EZ and with increasing altitude for the Twin Otter.Oak Ridge Associated Universities, assigned to NOAA/ATDD.  相似文献