A large skull of Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Frick (NW Switzerland)     

Michael W. Maisch  Achim G. Reisdorf  Rudolf Schlatter  Andreas Wetzel 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(3):617-627

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Instrumentelle Aufnahme und elektronische Auswertung von tektonischen Flächen und Linearen     

Prof. Dr. Rudolf E. Adler 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1969,59(1):152-162

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird kurz über die Möglichkeit berichtet, tektonische Untersuchungen auf der Grundlage detaillierter geologisch-tektonischer Kartierungen durch eine eingehende elektronische Bearbeitung von statistisch erhobenen tektonischen Daten sowie gegebenenfalls auch durch eine stereographisch-photogrammetrische Aufnahme derartiger Daten zu ergänzen.

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This paper deals with the possibility to complete tectonic investigations, which are based on detailed geological field mapping, by electronic computation of statistically obtained tectonic data as well as by stereographic-photogrammetric plotting of such data.

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Résumé L'auteur démontre la possibilité de compléter des recherches tectoniques basées sur des levés géologiques, par une computation électronique des dates tectoniques obtenues par des méthodes statistiques, ainsi que par un levé stéréographique-photogrammétrique de telles dates.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die erweiterte Fassung eines Vortrages dar, den der Verfasser auf der Frühjahrstagung der Geologischen Vereinigung in Karlsruhe am 20.2.1969 gehalten hat.  相似文献   

Zur Kontrolle der Auswertung von Ionogrammen     

Rudolf Eyfric 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,40(1):157-163

Zusammenfassung 1. Pflüfung der Auswertbläter auf Widerspruchslosigkeit-2. Kontrolle mit grob-statistischen Methoden-3. Kontrolle gegen andere Stationen.

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Summary 1. Test on self-consistency of scaling-2. Test with rough statistical methods-3. Test against distant stations.

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Ionosphären-Institut Breisach im Fernmeldetechnischen Zentralamt der Deutschen Bundespost,Breisach/Rh.

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In Klammern werden die üblichen Code Nummern gegeben.  相似文献   

Versuche über die gemeinsame Verrottung von Müll und Klärschlamm     

Rudolf Braun  Hans Allenspach 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1958,20(1):60-134

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Einige Meßergebnisse zum Energieumsatz am Erdboden     

Rudolf Schulze 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1958,9(2):254-271

Zusammenfassung Für den Energieumsatz am Erdboden werden Meßreihen verschiedener Autoren zusammengestellt, getrennt für den Energiegewinn durch kurzwellige Strahlung, den Energieverlust durch langwellige Strahlung und den Energieverbrauch in Richtung Erdboden, Luft und Verdunstung; betrachtet werden Tagessummen für die horizontale Fläche. Für die kurzwellige Strahlung werden die in den einzelnen geographischen Breiten theoretisch zu erwartenden sowie die gemessenen Tagessummen vergleichend betrachtet. Für die langwellige Strahlung werden einige in Hamburg gewonnene Meßergebnisse mitgeteilt. Für den Energieverbrauch zur Erwärmung des Erdbodens und der Luft sowie zur Verdunstung werden die in Quickborn gewonnenen Werte im Vergleich zu den Strahlungsergebnissen diskutiert.

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Summary Series of measurements for the energy exchange at the surface are collected, separately for the energy gain by short-wave radiation, the energy loss by long-wave radiation and the energy consumption in the direction of ground, air and by evaporation; daily totals for a horizontal surface are considered. A comparison of the actually measured and the theoretically expected daily totals of short-wave radiation is made for the different geographical latitudes. For long-wave radiation some results of measurements obtained at Hamburg are referred to. For the energy consumption spent on the heating of the ground and the air and on evaporation the values obtained at the Quickborn observatory are discussed and compared with the results of the radiation measurements.

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Résumé L'auteur a groupé différentes mesures du bilan énergétique au niveau du sol effectuées par plusieurs expérimentateurs; il a classé séparément les gains par rayonnement à courte longueur d'onde, les pertes par rayonnement à grande longueur d'onde ainsi que l'énergie absorbée par le sol, par l'air et par l'évaporation. Il considère les sommes journalières rapportées à une surface horizontale. Comparaison de ces sommes calculées et observées pour diverses latitudes en ce qui concerne le rayonnement court. Séries de mesures du rayonnement long faites à Hambourg. Discussion des quantités d'énergie nécessaires au réchauffement du sol et de l'air et à l'évaporation sur la base des valeurs obtenues à Quickborn.

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Mit 11 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Dr.Anders K. Ångström zu seinem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Comparison of ecosystem services provided by grasslands with different utilization patterns in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bingzhen Du  Lin Zhen  Yunfeng Hu  Huimin Yan  Rudolf De Groot  Rik Leemans 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(10):1399-1414

Although several previous studies in Inner Mongolia examined the effects of ecological conservation on the delivery of ecosystem services, they were often limited in scope (few ecosystem services were assessed) and often suffered from confounding by spatial variation. In this study, we examined the impact of conservation measures (changes in grassland utilization patterns) on the provision of selected ecosystem services in three types of grasslands (meadow steppe in Hulun Buir, typical steppe in Xilin Gol, and semi-desert steppe in Ordos) in Inner Mongolia. We examined five utilization patterns: no use (natural grasslands), light use, moderate use, intensive use, and recovery sites (degraded sites protected from further use). Through household surveys and vegetation and soil surveys, we measured the differences in ecosystem services among the different grassland utilization patterns. We also identified spatial factors that confounded the quantification of ecosystem services in different types of grasslands. We found that light use generally provided high levels of ecosystem services in meadow steppe and typical steppe, with the main differences in the supporting ecosystem services. Surprisingly, we found no consistently positive impacts of strict conservation activities across the sites, since the results varied spatially and with respect to differences in the land-use patterns. Our study suggests that appropriate grassland utilization patterns can enhance the supply of ecosystem services and reduce negative effects on both household livelihoods and the environment.  相似文献   

The second most disastrous windstorm of the nineteenth century in the Czech Lands, 26-27 October 1870     

Brázdil  Rudolf  Stucki  Peter  Szabó  Péter  Dobrovolný  Petr  Řezníčková  Ladislava  Kotyza  Oldřich  Valášek  Hubert  Dolák  Lukáš  Zahradníček  Pavel  Suchánková  Silvie 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(3-4):1201-1216

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - One of the most disastrous windstorms to take place over the Czech Lands occurred on the night of 26/27 October 1870. It is here analysed through the use of...  相似文献   

Long-term variability of temperature and precipitation in the Czech Lands: an attribution analysis     

Jiří Mikšovský  Rudolf Brázdil  Petr Štĕpánek  Pavel Zahradníček  Petr Pišoft 《Climatic change》2014,125(2):253-264

Among the key problems associated with the study of climate variability and its evolution are identification of the factors responsible for observed changes and quantification of their effects. Here, correlation and regression analysis are employed to detect the imprints of selected natural forcings (solar and volcanic activity) and anthropogenic influences (amounts of greenhouse gases—GHGs—and atmospheric aerosols), as well as prominent climatic oscillations (Southern Oscillation—SO, North Atlantic Oscillation—NAO, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation—AMO) in the Czech annual and monthly temperature and precipitation series for the 1866–2010 period. We show that the long-term evolution of Czech temperature change is dominated by the influence of an increasing concentration of anthropogenic GHGs (explaining most of the observed warming), combined with substantially lower, and generally statistically insignificant, contributions from the sulphate aerosols (mild cooling) and variations in solar activity (mild warming), but with no distinct imprint from major volcanic eruptions. A significant portion of the observed short-term temperature variability can be linked to the influence of NAO. The contributions from SO and AMO are substantially weaker in magnitude. Aside from NAO, no major influence from the explanatory variables was found in the precipitation series. Nonlinear forms of regression were used to test for nonlinear interactions between the predictors and temperature/precipitation; the nonlinearities disclosed were, however, very weak, or not detectable at all. In addition to the outcomes of the attribution analysis for the Czech series, results for European and global land temperatures are also shown and discussed.  相似文献   

The year-long unprecedented European heat and drought of 1540 – a worst case     

Oliver Wetter  Christian Pfister  Johannes P. Werner  Eduardo Zorita  Sebastian Wagner  Sonia I. Seneviratne  Jürgen Herget  Uwe Grünewald  Jürg Luterbacher  Maria-Joao Alcoforado  Mariano Barriendos  Ursula Bieber  Rudolf Brázdil  Karl H. Burmeister  Chantal Camenisch  Antonio Contino  Petr Dobrovolný  Rüdiger Glaser  Iso Himmelsbach  Andrea Kiss  Oldřich Kotyza  Thomas Labbé  Danuta Limanówka  Laurent Litzenburger  Øyvind Nordl  Kathleen Pribyl  Dag Retsö  Dirk Riemann  Christian Rohr  Werner Siegfried  Johan Söderberg  Jean-Laurent Spring 《Climatic change》2014,125(3-4):349-363

The heat waves of 2003 in Western Europe and 2010 in Russia, commonly labelled as rare climatic anomalies outside of previous experience, are often taken as harbingers of more frequent extremes in the global warming-influenced future. However, a recent reconstruction of spring–summer temperatures for WE resulted in the likelihood of significantly higher temperatures in 1540. In order to check the plausibility of this result we investigated the severity of the 1540 drought by putting forward the argument of the known soil desiccation-temperature feedback. Based on more than 300 first-hand documentary weather report sources originating from an area of 2 to 3 million km², we show that Europe was affected by an unprecedented 11-month-long Megadrought. The estimated number of precipitation days and precipitation amount for Central and Western Europe in 1540 is significantly lower than the 100-year minima of the instrumental measurement period for spring, summer and autumn. This result is supported by independent documentary evidence about extremely low river flows and Europe-wide wild-, forest- and settlement fires. We found that an event of this severity cannot be simulated by state-of-the-art climate models.  相似文献   

Erratum to: The year-long unprecedented European heat and drought of 1540 – a worst case     

Oliver Wetter  Christian Pfister  Johannes P. Werner  Eduardo Zorita  Sebastian Wagner  Sonia I. Seneviratne  Jürgen Herget  Uwe Grünewald  Jürg Luterbacher  Maria-Joao Alcoforado  Mariano Barriendos  Ursula Bieber  Rudolf Brázdil  Karl H. Burmeister  Chantal Camenisch  Antonio Contino  Petr Dobrovolný  Rüdiger Glaser  Iso Himmelsbach  Andrea Kiss  Oldřich Kotyza  Thomas Labbé  Danuta Limanówka  Laurent Litzenburger  Øyvind Nordli  Kathleen Pribyl  Dag Retsö  Dirk Riemann  Christian Rohr  Werner Siegfried  Johan Söderberg  Jean-Laurent Spring 《Climatic change》2014,125(3-4):365-367

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