Evaluation of spatially clustered ordnance when using compliance sampling surveys after clean-up at military training sites     

John E. Hathaway  Richard O. Gilbert  John E. Wilson  Brent A. Pulsipher 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(2):253-261

After site clean-up teams have removed all of what they believe to be UXO within a specific impact area, statistical compliance sampling is a possible method for verifying with a specified probability that this area has been cleaned to specifications. Schilling [J Qual Technol 10(2):47–51, 1978, Acceptance sampling in quality control. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1982] developed a compliance sampling methodology based on the hypergeometric distribution. Bowen and Bennett (1987) also use compliance sampling where they provide an approximation for estimating the number of samples (n) required to state with desired probability that the entire population of sample units (N, where n < N) are in compliance with cleanup goals. This article describes two methods (anomaly and transect) for applying the Schilling [J Qual Technol 10(2):47–51, 1978, Acceptance sampling in quality control. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1982] compliance sampling method to military training sites. After describing these methods, a simulation study is presented which demonstrates the performance of transect compliance sampling calculations based on varied degrees of clustered UXO within a specific impact area and different types of sampling routines.  相似文献   

The Photospheric Convection Spectrum     

Hathaway  D.H.  Beck  J.G.  Bogart  R.S.  Bachmann  K.T.  Khatri  G.  Petitto  J.M.  Han  S.  Raymond  J. 《Solar physics》2000,193(1-2):299-312

Spectra of the cellular photospheric flows are determined from observations acquired by the MDI instrument on the SOHO spacecraft. Spherical harmonic spectra are obtained from the full-disk observations. Fourier spectra are obtained from the high-resolution observations. The p-mode oscillation signal and instrumental artifacts are reduced by temporal filtering of the Doppler data. The resulting spectra give power (kinetic energy) per wave number for effective spherical harmonic degrees from 1 to over 3000. Significant power is found at all wavenumbers, including the small wavenumbers representative of giant cells. The time evolution of the spectral coefficients indicates that these small wavenumber components rotate at the solar rotation rate and thus represent a component of the photospheric cellular flows. The spectra show distinct peaks representing granules and supergranules but no distinct features at wavenumbers representative of mesogranules or giant cells. The observed cellular patterns and spectra are well represented by a model that includes two distinct modes – granules and supergranules.  相似文献   

Temporal filters for isolating steady photospheric flows     

David H. Hathaway 《Solar physics》1988,117(1):1-12

A variety of temporal filters are tested on artificial data with 60 and 75 s sampling intervals to determine their accuracy in separating the nearly-steady photospheric flows from the p-mode oscillations in Doppler velocity data. Longer temporal averages are better at reducing the residual signal due to p-modes but they introduce additional errors from the rotation of the supergranule pattern across the solar disk. Unweighted filters (boxcar averages) leave residual r.m.s. errors of about 6 m s^–1 from the p-modes after 60 min of averaging. Weighted filters, with nearly Gaussian shapes, leave similar residual errors after only 20 min of averaging and introduce smaller errors from the rotation of the supergranule pattern. The best filters found are weighted filters that use data separated by 150 or 120 s so that the p-modes are sampled at opposite phases. These filters achieve an optimum error level after about 20 min, with the r.m.s. errors due to the p-mode oscillations and the rotation of the supergranules both at a level of only 1.5 m s^–1.  相似文献   

青海省柴达木地区钾肥生产企业粉尘、噪声主要职业病危害的调查分析     

萨如丽 《盐湖研究》2018,26(3):64-69

青海是我国资源较为丰富的省份,钾盐资源的开发及钾肥生产在国内占有重要地位。随着青海高原地区盐湖钾肥产业的迅速发展,相关部门对该行业职业卫生、职业病防治工作日渐重视。通过大量的现场数据收集、整理,对青海高原地区盐湖钾肥行业作业人员面临的职业病危害因素、健康安全等相关问题进行了总结和分析,提出了有针对性的防范措施。  相似文献   

3-D Magnetic Field Configuration Late in a Large Two-Ribbon Flare     

Moore  R. L.  Schmieder  B.  Hathaway  D. H.  Tarbell  T. D. 《Solar physics》1997,176(1):153-169

We present H and coronal X-ray images of the large two-ribbon flare of 25–26 June, 1992 during its long-lasting gradual decay phase. From these observations we deduce that the 3-D magnetic field configuration late in this flare was similar to that at and before the onset of such large eruptive bipolar flares: the sheared core field running under and out of the flare arcade was S-shaped, and at least one elbow of the S looped into the low corona. From previous observations of filament-eruption flares, we infer that such core-field coronal elbows, though rarely observed, are probably a common feature of the 3-D magnetic field configuration late in large two-ribbon flares. The rare circumstance that apparently resulted in a coronal elbow of the core field being visible in H in our flare was the occurrence of a series of subflares low in the core field under the late-phase arcade of the large flare; these subflares probably produced flaring arches in the northern coronal elbow, thereby rendering this elbow visible in H. The observed late-phase 3-D field configuration presented here, together with the recent sheared-core bipolar magnetic field model of Antiochos, Dahlburg, and Klimchuk (1994) and recent Yohkoh SXT observations of the coronal magnetic field configuration at and before the onset of large eruptive bipolar flares, supports the seminal 3-D model for eruptive two-ribbon flares proposed by Hirayama (1974), with three modifications: (1) the preflare magnetic field is closed over the filament-holding core field; (2) the preflare core field has the shape of an S (or backward S) with coronal elbows; (3) a lower part of the core field does not erupt and open, but remains closed throughout flare, and can have prominent coronal elbows. In this picture, the rest of the core field, the upper part, does erupt and open along with the preflare arcade envelope field in which it rides; the flare arcade is formed by reconnection that begins in the middle of the core field at the start of the eruption and progresses from reconnecting closed core field early in the flare to reconnecting opened envelope field late in the flare.  相似文献   

2014年云南鲁甸地震触发地质灾害发育分布规律及与景谷、盈江地震对比研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

殷志强  徐永强  陈红旗  撒兰鹏  姜兴武 《地质学报》2016,90(6):1086-1097

2014年8月3日16时30分,云南省鲁甸县龙头山镇Ms 6.5级地震造成617人死亡,触发1700多处崩塌滑坡等地质灾害点,同年,该省又发生了Ms 6.6级景谷地震和Ms 6.1级盈江地震。笔者在对鲁甸等3次地震区次生地质灾害现场调查和遥感解译的基础上,研究了鲁甸地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律,首次提出了地震“干滑坡”的概念,并从震级、地形地貌、活动构造、人口密度等多个方面对比了鲁甸地震、景谷地震和盈江地震触发地质灾害的异同点。主要结论有：（1）鲁甸地震后新增地质灾害数量显著增加,其主要分布在水系的深切峡谷区,表现为“干滑坡”特征;（2）大型、特大型崩塌滑坡灾害点主要受活动断裂控制;（3）地震地质灾害的发育特征与地貌高程和微地貌具有很好的响应关系;（4）鲁甸震区的地形坡度明显大于景谷和盈江震区,地形坡度是鲁甸地震区地质灾害发育的主要控制因素;（5）我国西南高山峡谷区的断层、河流、阶地和城镇是相互依存,不可分割的地质环境载体,震后房屋选址、重建规划不仅要注意房屋抗震问题,还应充分考虑地质环境安全问题。  相似文献   

The role of sea ice in coastal and bottom dynamics in the Pechora Sea     

SA Ogorodov  AM Kamalov  GK Zubakin  Yu P. Gudoshnikov 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(2-3):146-152

This article deals with the morpho- and lithodynamic role of ice in shaping the Arctic coasts. Taking the Pechora Sea as an example, the direct and indirect impact of ice on the sea floor and shores is described. Active gouging by ice floes, ice-rafting of sedimentary material, formation of strudel scour depressions and frozen rocks on shallows are all direct impacts. The indirect impact of ice that arrests the coastal zone for most of the year is a considerable reduction of the overall energy of waves and currents. Based on the performed analysis, we plot a schematic zonation of the Pechora Sea according to the probable impact of ice on the shores and seafloor.  相似文献   

Evaluation of magnetic shear in off-disk center active regions     

P. Venkatakrishnan  M. J. Hagyard  D. H. Hathaway 《Solar physics》1989,122(2):215-226

We analyze the changes that projection effects produce in the evaluation of magnetic shear in off-disk center active regions by comparing angular shear calculated in image plane and heliographic coordinates. We describe the procedure for properly evaluating magnetic shear by transforming the observed vector magnetic field into the heliographic system and then apply this procedure to evaluate magnetic shear along the magnetic neutral line in an active region that was observed on 1984 April 24 at a longitude offset of -45°. In particular, we show that the number of critically sheared pixels along an east-west directed segment of the neutral line in the leader sunspot group changes from 16 in the image plane magnetogram to 14 in the heliographic magnetogram. We also show that the critical shear as calculated in the image plane served as a good predictor for the location of flaring activity since the flare ribbons of the great flare of April 24 bracketed the inversion line where the critical shear was located. These results indicate that for this particular region, projection effects did not significantly affect the evaluation of critical shear.  相似文献   

Convective instability when the temperature gradient and rotation vector are oblique to gravity. II. Real fluids with effects of diffusion     

David H. Hathaway  Juri Toomre  Peter A. Gilman 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1):7-37

Abstract

The linear stability analysis of Hathaway, Gilman and Toomre (1979) (hereafter referred to as Paper I) is repeated for Boussinesq fluids with viscous and thermal diffusion. As in Paper I the fluid is confined between plane parallel boundaries and the rotation vector is oblique to gravity. This tilted rotation vector introduces a preference for roll-like disturbances whose axes are oriented north-south; the preference is particularly strong in the equatorial region. The presence of a latitudinal temperature gradient produces a thermal wind shear which favors axisymmetric convective rolls if the gradient exceeds some critical value. For vanishingly small diffusivities the value of this transition temperature gradient approaches the inviscid value found in Paper I. For larger diffusivities larger gradients are required particularly in the high latitudes. These results are largely independent of the Prandtl number. Diffusion tends to stabilize the large wavenumber rolls with the result that a unique wavenumber can be found at which the growth rate is maximized. These preferred rolls have widths comparable to the depth of the layer and tend to be broader near the equator. The axisymmetric rolls are similar in many respects to the cloud bands on Jupiter provided they extend to a depth of about 15,000 km.  相似文献   

DEM分辨率对小流域地形水文特征提取的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

萨出拉  刘万青 《测绘工程》2015,(5):72-76

基于ArcGIS水文分析工具研究DEM分辨率对提取流域地形和水文参数的影响,选择黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域—韭园沟流域为实验区,该流域地形复杂,沟壑纵横,DEM分辨率变化对其地形表达有很大影响。研究表明,DEM分辨率对小流域面积、流域高程、坡向的表达或提取精度影响较小,而对坡度、河道长度、河网密度和河道分级等因子提取有较大影响。  相似文献