High-resolution temperature fields to evaluate the response of Italian electricity demand to meteorological variables: an example of climate service for the energy sector     

Simone Scapin  Francesco Apadula  Michele Brunetti  Maurizio Maugeri 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,125(3-4):729-742

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Soil chemical alteration due to slaughterhouse waste application as identified by spectral reflectance in São Paulo State,Brazil: an environmental monitoring useful tool     

José A. M. Demattê  Julianne de Castro Oliveira  Tiago Rodrigues Tavares  Leonardo Ramirez Lopez  Fabrício da Silva Terra  Suzana Romeiro Araújo  Caio Troula Fongaro  Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia  Francisco Fujita de Castro Mello  Rodnei Rizzo  Simone Vicente  Marco Antonio de Melo Bortolleto  Pedro Henrique Ramos Cerqueira 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(18):1277

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Early detection of volcanic hazard by lidar measurement of carbon dioxide     

Fiorani  Luca  Santoro  Simone  Parracino  Stefano  Maio  Giovanni  Nuvoli  Marcello  Aiuppa  Alessandro 《Natural Hazards》2016,83(1):21-29

Volcanic gases give information on magmatic processes. In particular, anomalous releases of carbon dioxide precede volcanic eruptions. Up to now, this gas has been measured in volcanic plumes with conventional measurements that imply the severe risks of local sampling and can last many hours. For these reasons and for the great advantages of laser sensing, the thorough development of volcanic lidars has been undertaken at ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development). In fact, lidar profiling allows one to scan remotely volcanic plumes in a fast and continuous way, and with high spatial and temporal resolution. A differential absorption lidar instrument will be presented in this paper: BILLI (BrIdge voLcanic LIdar). It is based on injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser, double-grating dye laser, difference frequency mixing and optical parametric amplifier. BILLI is funded by the ERC (European Research Council) project BRIDGE (BRIDging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanos). It scanned the gas emitted by Pozzuoli Solfatara (Naples, Italy) and Stromboli Volcano (Sicily, Italy) during field campaigns carried out from October 13 to 17, 2014, and from June 24 to 29, 2015, respectively. Carbon dioxide concentration maps were retrieved remotely in few minutes in the crater areas. To our knowledge, it is the first time that carbon dioxide in a volcanic plume is retrieved by lidar. This result represents the first direct measurement of this kind ever performed on active volcanos and shows the high potential of laser remote sensing in early detection of volcanic hazard.  相似文献   

Tectonic activation,source area stratigraphy and provenance changes in a rift basin: the Early Cretaceous Tucano Basin (NE‐Brazil)          下载免费PDF全文

Felipe T. Figueiredo  Renato P. Almeida  Bernardo T. Freitas  Andre Marconato  Simone C. Carrera  Bruno B. Turra 《Basin Research》2016,28(4):433-445

Changes in sandstone and conglomerate maturity in tectonically active basins can be considered either as the product of climatic change or of tectonic restructuring of the feeder drainage system. Besides these regional controls, changes in the configuration of local sources can expressively affect basin fill composition. The Early Cretaceous fluvial successions of the Tucano Basin, a rift basin in northeastern Brazil related to the South Atlantic opening, contain one such case of abrupt change in maturity, marked by the passage from pebbly sandstone and conglomerate rich in quartz and quartzite fragments (Neocomian to Barremian São Sebastião Formation) to more feldspathic pebbly sandstone and conglomerate bearing pebbles of varied composition (Aptian Marizal Formation). Systematic analysis of stratigraphic and spatial variation in palaeocurrents and composition of pebbles and cobbles from both units, integrated with the recognition of fluvial and alluvial fan deposits distribution, revealed an abrupt decrease in maturity during the passage from the São Sebastião Formation to the Marizal Formation. This change is explained by exhumation of basement rocks and erosional removal of originally widespread Silurian to Jurassic sandstone and conglomerate units which were a major source of reworked vein quartz and quartzite pebbles to the São Sebastião Formation. Basin border faults activation during the deposition of the Marizal Formation caused adjacent basement uplift above the local erosional base level at the basin borders, whereas during the São Sebastião Formation deposition, the basin border fault scarps probably exposed mineralogically mature sedimentary units. The proposed model has important implications for interpreting changes in sediment maturity in rift basin successions, as similar results are expected where activation of basin border faults occurs after the erosional removal of older sedimentary or volcanic units that controlled syn‐rift successions composition.  相似文献   

The Fate of High-Angle Dipping Slabs in the Subduction Factory: an Integrated Trace Element and Radiogenic Isotope (U, Th, Sr, Nd, Pb) Study of Stromboli Volcano, Aeolian Arc, Italy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tommasini  Simone; Heumann  Arnd; Avanzinelli  Riccardo; Francalanci  Lorella 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(12):2407-2430

The subaerial part of the Stromboli stratovolcano was builtup in the last 100 kyr through six periods of activity; theerupted magmas record the largest compositional variation ofall the Aeolian arc volcanoes (calc-alkaline, shoshonitic, andpotassic alkaline magma series). The trace element characteristicsof the less evolved magmas of each period of activity are coherentlycorrelated with their radiogenic isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb) composition,and are typical of volcanic arc rocks. In terms of U-seriesisotopes, samples from the different magma series have both²³⁸U and ²³⁰Th excesses, and this distinctive feature providesadditional constraints on source enrichment processes withinthe mantle wedge and on the mechanism of partial melting. Overallthe complete set of data demonstrates that the genesis of thedifferent magma series at Stromboli can be accommodated in amantle source that experienced two distinct enrichment processesby different parts of the subducting oceanic crust of the Ionianslab. The first was caused by supercritical liquids originatingfrom the basaltic and sedimentary parts of the subducting slabat >5 GPa and 900°C. The second was induced by aqueousfluids, again originating from the basaltic and sedimentaryparts of the slab, released from a shallower part of the subductedIonian slab (< 5 GPa and 800°C). U–Th disequilibriaconstrain the timing of the first metasomatic event (Stage I:supercritical liquids) at >435 ka, whereas the second event(Stage II: aqueous fluids) occurred at 100 ka. The high-angledip of the Ionian slab (70°) caused the superimpositionof the metasomatizing agents of the two enrichment processesin the same volume of the mantle wedge, explaining the occurrenceof such different magma series in a single volcanic edifice.The U–Th disequilibria provide evidence for dynamic meltingof the metasomatized mantle wedge combined with an ageing effectresulting from the restoration of secular equilibrium afterthe perturbation caused by the U-rich aqueous fluids of StageII. The trace element and radiogenic isotope (U, Th, Sr, Nd,Pb) signature of the mantle source of the magmas at Stromboliis thus dependent upon the amount of supercritical liquids andaqueous fluids released by the two components of the subductedslab, whereas the distinctive ²³⁸U and ²³⁰Th excesses of themagmas result from a combination of mantle ageing and time-dependentdynamic melting. The geochemical and radiogenic isotope signatureof the mantle source beneath Stromboli places important constraintson the isotopic polarity from Southern Latium to the Aeolianarc attributed to the effect of a HIMU mantle component followingeither lateral inflow of foreland mantle material or upwellingof a mantle plume in the centre of the Tyrrhenian basin. Ourgeochemical model demonstrates that the high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ofthe putative ‘HIMU’ mantle component could be equallyformed during metasomatism of the pre-existing mantle wedgeby either the supercritical liquid (Stage I) or aqueous fluid(Stage II) released by the subducted altered basalt of the Ionianplate. KEY WORDS: radiogenic isotopes; U–Th disequilibria; mantle metasomatism; supercritical liquid; aqueous fluid; Stromboli  相似文献   

The politics of the possible: Making urban life in Phnom Penh     

AbdouMaliq Simone 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):186-204

Phnom Penh, 're-entering' urban history as it did just some three decades ago becomes an important arena in which to focus on the intensifying contestation of rights, practices and development trajectories related to city making. Far from being comprehensively marginalized by emerging urban economies, residents with limited economic means, through their configurations of space, social relations and infrastructure continuously attempt to construct the conditions that enable the city to act as a flexible resource for the viable organization of their everyday lives. These issues are taken up in an analysis of some of the ways in which residents of a large low income housing tract, popularly dubbed 'Building', in the Bassac River neighbourhood collaborate to maximize their access to resources and opportunity.  相似文献   

Influence of fluctuating supply on the emplacement dynamics of channelized lava flows     

Simone Tarquini  Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2014,76(3):1-13

The evolution of lava flows emplaced on Mount Etna (Italy) in September 2004 is examined in detail through the analysis of morphometric measurements of flow units. The growth of the main channelized flow is consistent with a layering of lava blankets, which maintains the initial geometry of the channel (although levees are widened and raised), and is here explicitly related to the repeated overflow of lava pulses. A simple analytical model is introduced describing the evolution of the flow level in a channelized flow unit fed by a fluctuating supply. The model, named FLOWPULSE, shows that a fluctuation in the velocity of lava extrusion at the vent triggers the formation of pulses, which become increasingly high the farther they are from the vent, and are invariably destined to overflow within a given distance. The FLOWPULSE simulations are in accordance with the observed morphology, characterized by a very flat initial profile followed by a massive increase in flow unit cross-section area between 600 and 700 m downflow. The modeled emplacement dynamics provides also an explanation for the observed substantial “loss” of the original flowing mass with increasing distance from the vent.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of crude-oil-degrading bacteria from the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hassanshahian M  Emtiazi G  Cappello S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(1):7-12

Twenty-five crude-oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Based on a high growth rate on crude oil and on hydrocarbon degradation ability, 11 strains were selected from the 25 isolated strains for further study. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene showed that these isolated strains belonged to genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, Cobetia, Halomonas, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Microbacterium. Among the 11 isolates, strains BS (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 98%) and PG-12 (Alcanivorax dieselolei, 98%) were the most effective in degrading crude oil. Rate of crude-oil degradation of 82% (isolate BS) and 71% (isolate PG-12) were observed after 1 week of cultivation in mineral medium. These strains had high emulsification activity and biosurfactant production. GC-MS analysis showed that A. dieselolei PG-12 can degrade different alkanes in crude oil. Screening of the distribution of the alkane hydroxylase gene in 25 isolates in relation to the source of isolation indicated that the group (II) alkane hydroxylase is prevalent in the Caspian Sea, but in the Persian Gulf, the frequency of the group (III) alkane hydroxylase gene is greater than that of the group (II) alkane hydroxylase gene.  相似文献   

Calibration of rainfall-runoff models in ungauged basins: A regional maximum likelihood approach     

Simone Castiglioni  Laura Lombardi  Elena Toth  Attilio Castellarin  Alberto Montanari 《Advances in water resources》2010

Parameter estimation for rainfall-runoff models in ungauged basins is a challenging task that is receiving significant attention by the scientific community. In fact, many practical applications suffer from problems induced by data scarcity, given that hydrological observations are often sparse or unavailable. This study focuses on regional calibration for a generic rainfall-runoff model. The maximum likelihood function in the spectral domain proposed by Whittle [40] is approximated in the time domain by maximising the fit of selected statistics of the river flow process, with the aim to propose a calibration procedure that can be applied at regional scale. Accordingly, the statistics above are related to the dominant climate and catchment characteristics, through regional regression relationships. The proposed technique is applied to the case study of 4 catchments located in central Italy, which are treated as ungauged and are located in a region where detailed hydrological, as well as geomorphologic and climatic information, is available. The results obtained with the regional calibration are compared with those provided by a classical least squares calibration in the time domain. The outcomes of the analysis confirm the potential of the proposed methodology and show that regional information can be very effective for setting up hydrological models.  相似文献   

A strong motion network in northern Italy: detection capabilities and first analysis     

Paolo Augliera  Ezio D’Alema  Simone Marzorati  Marco Massa 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(5):1091-1104

The necessity of a dense network in Northern Italy started from the lack of available data after the occurrence of the 24th November 2004, Ml 5.2, Salò earthquake. Since 2006, many efforts have been made by the INGV (Italian National Institute for Geophysic and Vulcanology), Department of Milano-Pavia (hereinafter INGV MI-PV), to improve the strong-motion monitoring of the Northern Italy regions. This activity led to the installation of a strong-motion network composed by 20 accelerometers, 4 coupled with 20-bits Lennartz Mars88 recorders, 12 coupled with 24-bits Reftek 130 recorders and 4 coupled with 24-bits Gaia2 recorders. The network allow us to reduce, in the area under study, the average inter-distances between strong-motion stations from about 40 km (at November 2004) to 15 km. At present the network includes nine 6-channels stations where velocity sensors work together the strong-motion ones. The data transmission is assured by modem-gsm, with the exception of four stations that send data in real time through a TCP/IP protocol. In order to evaluate different site responses, the stations have been installed both in free field and near (or inside) public buildings, located in the center of small villages. From June 2006 to December 2008 a dataset of 94 events with local magnitude range from 0.7 to 5.1 has been collected. An ad hoc data-processing system have been created in order to provide, after each recorded event, engineering parameters such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV), response spectra (SA and PSV), Arias and Housner intensities. Data dissemination is achieved through the web site , while the waveforms are distributed through the Italian strong motion database ().  相似文献