Validation of OML,AERMOD/PRIME and MISKAM Using the Thompson Wind-Tunnel Dataset for Simple Stack-Building Configurations     

Helge Rørdam Olesen  Ruwim Berkowicz  Matthias Ketzel  Per Løfstrøm 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(1):73-83

A comprehensive dataset on dispersion behind rectangular buildings has been used to analyse the performance of two dispersion models in respect to their handling of building effects: the Danish OML model and the US AERMOD model with the PRIME building algorithm; additionally, the German MISKAM model has been assessed. OML and AERMOD are regulatory plume models with limited requirements in terms of input and computing resources, whereas MISKAM is a computational fluid dynamical model, and as such much more demanding. For most scenarios considered, the degree of misprediction in respect to the maximum concentrations is less than a factor of two for OML and AERMOD. However, in respect to the concentration at a specific location, especially in the near field, both models often result in larger mispredictions. MISKAM provides more accurate predictions.  相似文献   

Eine Methode zur Charakterisierung der Kornverteilung; klastischer Sedimente     

Helge Gry 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1938,29(3-5):175-195

Zusammenfassung Weil die früher angewandten Methoden, die Kornverteilung der Sedimente mit Hilfe von wenigen Zahlen (Mittelkorngröße, Sortierung, Streuung, Schiefe usw.) zu charakterisieren, für schiefe und zweigipfelige Kurven keine Bedeutung haben, wird eine Methode vorgelegt, bei der die Kornverteilung folgendermaßen charakterisiert wird: 1. Durch Bestimmung der Korngröße, die dem Maximum der Verteilungskurve entspricht; 2. durch Bestimmung der Prozentmenge (M) in einem Intervall von einer bestimmten Größe, das symmetrisch um das Maximum herum gebildet wurde; 3. durch Bestimmung der Menge der Nebenbestandteile, die gröber (G) oder feiner (F) als die Maximumsfraktionen sind. Die Methode beruht auf einer Bestimmung der Lage des Maximums mit Hilfe einer Differenzkurve und auf Interpolation auf der Summenlinie. Zweigipfelige Kurven werden nach der Lage des Minimums geteilt und die beiden Teile werden auf dieselbe Art berechnet, worauf die Zahlen jedes Gipfelbezirkes auf 100% umgerechnet werden. Der Inhalt der Sedimente an G, M und F kann in Dreiecksdiagrammen dargestellt werden, wobei sich zeigt, daß verschiedene Sedimentgruppen verschiedene Felder bilden.Weiter wird eine Methode vorgelegt, mit der man die durchschnittliche Kornverteilung einer Reihe Analysen des gleichen Sedimenttyps angeben kann. Dies kann durch Interpolation auf der Summenlinie geschehen, indem man ständig von der Lage des Maximums als festem Punkt ausgeht und die Mittelzahl der Ordinaten der Punkte mit gleicher relativer Lage bildet.  相似文献   

Palaeomagnetic re-examination of the basal Caithness Old Red Sandstone; aspects of local and regional tectonics     

K.M. Storetvedt  T.H. Torsvik 《Tectonophysics》1983,98(1-2)

A palaeomagnetic re-examination of the basal strata of the Caithness Old Red Sandstone has given results that are fully compatible with previous palaeomagnetic findings in this region. After structural correction the dominant remanence component has D = 205°, I = +3°, α₉₅ = 6.4° (N = 27). The existence of this shallow inclined magnetization in the Middle Devonian strata of Caithness invalidates the model, proposed by Van der Voo and Scotese (1981), involving a ca. 2000 km sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault in the Carboniferous. However, the available data are in favour of a few hundred kilometres sinistral movement along this fracture zone. However, the possibility of there having been a much larger transcurrent shift between Europe and North America in late/post-Devonian times, accumulated along various fracture zones within the Caledonian fold belt, is discussed. On the basis of an inferred overprinted magnetization, it is tentatively concluded that the tectonic deformation of the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness has a mid-Jurassic or younger age.  相似文献   

北大西洋年际变率的海气耦合模式模拟II：热带太平洋强迫     

周天军  宇如聪  郜永祺  Helge Drange 《气象学报》2006,64(1):18-30

利用一个全球海气耦合模式(BCM),结合观测资料,讨论了热带太平洋强迫对北大西洋年际气候变率的影响。研究表明,BCM能够相对合理地模拟赤道太平洋的年际变率模态及相应的海温距平型和大气遥相关型,尽管其准3年的振荡周期过于规则。来自数值模式和观测上的证据都表明,北大西洋冬季海温的主导性变率模态,即自北而南出现的“- -”的海温距平型,受到来自热带太平洋强迫的显著影响,其正位相与赤道中东太平洋冷事件相对应。换言之,赤道太平洋暖事件的发生,在太平洋-北美沿岸激发出PNA遥相关型,进而通过在北大西洋产生类似NAO负位相的气压距平型,削弱本来与NAO正位相直接联系的三核型海温距平。北大西洋三核型海温距平对热带太平洋强迫的响应,要滞后2—3个月的时间。  相似文献   

Comment on Special Issue on Geostatistics with Guest Editor A. G. Journel     

Kyrre Bratvedt  Erik Bølviken  Tore Gimse  Helge Holden  Lars Holden  Ragnar Knarud 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(2):245-246

  相似文献   

Permeability and stress in crystalline rocks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

David Banks  Noelle E. Odling  Helge Skarphagen  Erik Rohr-Torp 《地学学报》1996,8(3):223-235

Groundwater from crystalline rocks is a significant resource in many areas of the world. It is also an important medium for contaminant transport from, for example, deep nuclear waste repositories. Stress distributions in fractured rocks are important in controlling groundwater flow in several ways: (i) palaeostress fields are responsible for the evolution of fracture systems which transmit groundwater; (ii) current in situ stress fields will influence the shape and aperture of fractures; (iii) humans can influence the natural stress field in a rock mass to enhance fracture flows. The significance of stresses for groundwater flow can be investigated by field techniques (hydraulic fracturing), laboratory techniques (stress cells) or by numerical modelling.  相似文献   

Comments on the paper “bioturbation: minimal effects on the magnetic fabric of some natural and experimental sediments”, by Brooks B. Ellwood     

Reidar Løvlie  Trond Torsvik 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1984,71(2):349-350

  相似文献   

Preface     

Conall Mac Niocaill  Trond Torsvik  Ben van der Pluijm 《Tectonophysics》2003,362(1-4):vii-x

  相似文献   

The Tornquist Sea and Baltica–Avalonia docking     

Trond H. Torsvik  Emma F. Rehnstrm 《Tectonophysics》2003,362(1-4):67-82

Early Ordovician (Late Arenig) limestones from the SW margin of Baltica (Scania–Bornholm) have multicomponent magnetic signatures, but high unblocking components predating folding, and the corresponding palaeomagnetic pole (latitude=19°N, LONGITUDE=051°E) compares well with Arenig reference poles from Baltica. Collectively, the Arenig poles demonstrate a midsoutherly latitudinal position for Baltica, then separated from Avalonia by the Tornquist Sea.Tornquist Sea closure and the Baltica–Avalonia convergence history are evidenced from faunal mixing and increased resemblance in palaeomagnetically determined palaeolatitudes for Avalonia and Baltica during the Mid-Late Ordovician. By the Caradoc, Avalonia had drifted to palaeolatitudes compatible with those of SW Baltica, and subduction beneath Eastern Avalonia was taking place. We propose that explosive vents associated with this subduction and related to Andean-type magmatism in Avalonia were the source for the gigantic Mid-Caradoc (c. 455 Ma) ash fall in Baltica (i.e. the Kinnekulle bentonite). Avalonia was located south of the subtropical high during most of the Ordovician, and this would have provided an optimum palaeoposition to supply Baltica with large ash falls governed by westerly winds.In Scania, we observe a persistent palaeomagnetic overprint of Late Ordovician (Ashgill) age (pole: LATITUDE=4°S, LONGITUDE=012°E). The remagnetisation was probably spurred by tectonic-derived fluids since burial alone is inadequate to explain this remagnetisation event. This is the first record of a Late Ordovician event in Scania, but it is comparable with the Shelveian event in Avalonia, low-grade metamorphism in the North Sea basement of NE Germany (440–450 Ma), and sheds new light on the Baltica–Avalonia docking.  相似文献   

Ordovician palaeogeography with new palaeomagnetic data from the Montagne Noire (Southern France)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Nysæther  T.H. Torsvik  R. FeistH.J. Walderhaug  E.A. Eide 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):329-341

A joint palaeomagnetic and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar study has been performed on two olistolithic blocks from the Cabrières Wildflysch in the Montagne Noire region of the Massif Central in France. There, andesitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Llanvirn-Early Caradoc age (ca 470-458 Ma) occur. Despite extensive secondary alteration, destruction of the dominant magnetic mineral phase and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar whole rock experiments that demonstrate that the volcanic rocks suffered significant argon loss, a positive fold test and the presence of dual polarities suggest that a primary, Ordovician magnetisation has mostly survived. This is one of the few documented cases where the argon system was substantially reset whilst a subordinate set of small, relatively unaltered magnetite grains, probably hosted in silicates, still carry the original, in this case Ordovician, remanence.The new data show that the Montagne Noire region was located at high southerly latitudes (68° ⁺¹⁷/_-15) during the Mid-Ordovician. This latitude represents the location for NW Gondwana of which the Massif Central was a part. Palaeomagnetic data from all the Central European massifs and terranes demonstrate a close link to the Gondwana Margin during the Lower and Middle Ordovician.  相似文献