Programmable Hand Calculator Programs for Pumping and Injection Wells:     

Don L. Warner  M. Gene Yow 《Ground water》1980,18(5):438-443

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A lunar rock of deep crustal origin: sample 76535     

R Gooley  Robin Brett  Jeff Warner  J.R Smyth 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1974,38(9):1329-1339

Lunar sample 76535 is a coarse-grained troctolitic granulite exhibiting a texture indicative of long annealing times. It is composed of homogeneous crystals of plagioclase (58 per cent, An₉₆), olivine (37 per cent, Fo₈₈) and bronzite (4 per cent, En₈₆).Chromian spinel-bronzite-diopside (Wo₄₆En₅₀Fs₄) symplectic intergrowths commonly occur along olivine-plagioclase boundaries and as tiny inclusions within olivine grains. These symplectites apparently formed by a reaction of the type: . The reaction is related to the experimentally determined reaction of Kushiro and Yoder (1966). The enstatite content of the diopside coexisting with the bronzite indicates equilibration at about 1000°C. Thermodynamic calculations for 1000°C indicate that the symplectites formed at a minimum pressure of about 0.6 kb. Low alumina contents of the pyroxenes indicate equilibration near this minimum pressure.Clusters of the same assemblage found in the symplectic intergrowths, but containing accessory metal, troilite, Ca-phosphates, baddeleyite, plagioclase and/or K-feldspar occur sporadically throughout the rock. These apparent late stage products crystallized in the low temperature-high pressure region discussed above.Phase relations of co-existing metal phases indicate that the rock cooled at a few tens of degrees/my, corresponding to depths of 10–20 km below the lunar surface, in agreement with the above pressure estimate.We infer that 76535 represents an original cumulate deposited at a depth between about 10 and 30 km. The last liquid crystallized in the relatively high pressure-low temperature field opx + cpx + Al-Mg-chromite. Cooling was extremely slow and accompanied by extensive chemical and textural re-equilibration. Reaction to form the symplectites occurred during the late stages of re-equilibration.  相似文献   

Biological diversity of peatlands in Canada     

Barry G. Warner  Taro Asada 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2006,68(3):240-253

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O/O mapping and hydrogeology of a short-lived (≈10 years) fumarolic (>500°C) meteoric–hydrothermal event in the upper part of the 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff outflow sheet, California     

Elizabeth Warner Holt  Hugh P. Taylor Jr. 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1998,83(1-2)

¹⁸O/¹⁶O data from the 200-m-thick, 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff outflow sheet provide evidence for a vigorous, short-lived (≈10 years), high-temperature, fumarolic meteoric–hydrothermal event. This is proved by: (1) the juxtaposition in the upper, partially welded Bishop Tuff of low-¹⁸O groundmass/glass (δ¹⁸O=−5 to +3) with coexisting quartz and feldspar phenocrysts having magmatic δ¹⁸O values (+8.7±0.3; +7.5±0.3); and (2) the fact that these kinds of ¹⁸O/¹⁶O signatures correlate very well with morphological features and mapped zones of fumarolic activity. Profiles of δ¹⁸O with depth in the Bishop Tuff within the fumarole area define a 40- to 50-m-thick, low-¹⁸O, stratigraphic zone that is sandwiched between the essentially unwelded near-surface portion of the tuff and an underlying, densely welded black tuff that displays magmatic ¹⁸O/¹⁶O values. Shallow-dipping columnar joints and other fumarolic features (i.e., subhorizontal tubular conduits and steep fissures) correlate very well with these pervasively devitrified, low-¹⁸O zones. The base of the low-¹⁸O zone is extremely sharp (3‰ per meter) and is located directly above the transition from partially welded tuff to densely welded black tuff. The observed average whole-rock ¹⁸O-depletions within this low-¹⁸O zone are about 6–7‰, requiring meteoric water/rock ratios in excess of 0.24 in mass units. Rainfall on the surface of the tuff would not have been high enough to supply this much H₂O in the short lifetime of fumarolic activity, suggesting that some recharge must have been from groundwater flow through the upper part of the tuff, above the sloping (1°–5°) top of the impermeable lower zone. This is compatible with the observation that the fumarolic areas roughly correlate with the preeruptive regional drainage pattern. Some of this recharge may in part have been from the lake that filled Long Valley caldera, which was dammed by the Bishop Tuff up to the level of this boundary between the partially and densely welded zones (≈7000 ft, the elevation of the highest Long Valley Lake shorelines). Gazis et al. had previously shown that the 2.8-Ma intracaldera Chegem Tuff from the Caucasus Mountains exhibits exactly the same kind of ¹⁸O-signature that we have correlated with fossil fumaroles in the Bishop Tuff outflow sheet. Although not recognized as such by McConnell et al.; ¹⁸O/¹⁶O data from drill-hole samples from the intracaldera Bishop Tuff in Long Valley also display this characteristic ¹⁸O signature (i.e., analogous δ¹⁸O-depth profiles, as well as low-¹⁸O groundmass coexisting with high-¹⁸O feldspar phenocrysts). This fumarolic ¹⁸O/¹⁶O signature is observed to much greater depths (≈650–750 m) in the intracaldera tuffs (≈1500 m thick) than it is in the ≈200-m-thick Bishop Tuff outflow sheet (≈80 m depth).  相似文献   

Practical application of fractal analysis: problems and solutions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Guido Gonzato  Francesco Mulargia  & Warner Marzocchi 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,132(2):275-282

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Aquatic invertebrates as paleoclimatic indicators?     

Barry G. Warner  Brenda J. Hann 《Quaternary Research》1987,28(3)

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Geochemical evidence for sundering of the West Mariana arc in miocene ash from the Parece Vela Basin     

Russell J. Warner  Martin F.J. Flower  Kelvin S. Rodolfo 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1987,33(4)

Glass and mineral fragments from discrete volcanic ash layers were sampled from DSDP/IPOD Site 450 in the Parece Vela Basin, Philippine Sea and analyzed by electron microprobe. The ashes are interpreted as eruptive products of the adjacent West Mariana arc system between 25 and 14 Ma B.P., and have compositions between basaltic andesite and rhyolite, and rarely, boninite. ‘Continuous’ chemical trends appear to reflect mixing of mafic and silicic magmas. ‘Discontinuous’ trends between these end-members are relatively few, and are consistent with ‘liquid lines’ produced by fractional crystallization. Andesitic tephra become progressively richer in MgO and CaO through the middle Miocene, while boninite appears towards the end of the sequence, between 14 and 15 Ma B.P. Coeval rhyolitic glasses become richer in K₂O and Na₂O, with maximum concentrations at about 15 Ma B.P. Chronologic changes in fractionation type and composition of parent magmas are interpreted to reflect the subaerial volcanic evolution of the West Mariana arc. The appearance of boninite is believed to signal early stages of arc sundering, and corresponds temporally with regional uplift of the sea floor above the carbonate compensation depth, precursor to a new pulse of back-arc spreading.  相似文献   

Urban Environmental Justice Indices     

John Harner  Kee Warner  John Pierce  Tom Huber 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(3):318-331

Environmental justice is the principle that environmental costs and amenities ought to be equitably distributed within society. Due to the ethical, political, and public–health implications, and because many choices confront those researching environmental justice, standardized measures are needed to inform public dialogue and policy. We develop and test seven indices on three Colorado cities to measure the relationship between the distribution of environmental hazards and minority and poverty–stricken populations, and recommend the Comparative Environmental Risk Index as a preliminary, standardized measure for comparing urban areas. This index is particularly relevant to disadvantaged communities, regional planning organizations, environmental–justice networks and scholars, and state and federal agencies.  相似文献   

A final non-redundant catalogue for the 7C 151-MHz survey     

S. E. G. Hales  J. M. Riley  E. M. Waldram  P. J. Warner  J. E. Baldwin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(4):1639-1642

We present a final unified catalogue for the 7C survey at 151 MHz with resolution  70 × 70 cosec(δ) arcsec²  . This has been constructed by amalgamating the existing catalogues derived from individual fields imaged at this resolution and eliminating redundancy in regions of mutual overlap. This is a non-trivial procedure because the flux in multiple-component sources may be fitted differently on alternative images, owing, for example, to differences in local noise and beam distortion. The final catalogue lists 43683 sources over an area of about 1.7 sr. Separate final catalogues have been published for the 7C Galactic Plane survey (7CG) and the lower-resolution survey of the low-declination strip  9^h < RA < 16^h, 20° < Dec < 35°  .  相似文献   

Impacts of environmental degradation on rivers,with some examples from the Hawkesbury‐Nepean system     

Robin F. Warner 《The Australian geographer》1991,22(1):1-13

Environmental degradation is a widespread contemporary problem. It will be exacerbated by Greenhouse. The alteration of the land surface by humans is examined in terms of on-site impacts as well as off-site effects in other storages, notably rivers. Examples of bank erosion in the Hawkesbury-Nepean system are related to regime shifts, dams and dredging. Examples of environmental pollution by different forms of sewage disposal are given for Wollondilly Shire. It is suggested that much more relevant information is required to effect total catchment management.  相似文献