Investigation of the Sun's X-radiation—I Measurements with the aid of geophysical rockets     

C.L. Mandel'shtam  I.P. Tindo  Yu.K. Voron'ko  A.I. Shurygin  B.N. Vasil'ev 《Planetary and Space Science》1962,9(12):977-986

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Availability of Aerial Photographs     

C. I. M. O'Brien. 《The Photogrammetric Record》1965,5(25):63-64

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Carte Métallogénique de la Bulgarie     

I. Iovtschev 《Mineralium Deposita》1966,1(3):251-257

Résumé On peut, en résumé, caractériser ainsi les principales provinces de la Bulgarie: — les Rhodopes constituent une zone typiquement polymétallique avec une prépondérance soulignée de Pb, Zn; le F, Cr, Ni, y existent en quantité subordonnée; en traces viennent encore: le Ba, Mn, Cd, Sb, W, Mo, Bi, As, Au, Ag, V; — la Sredna Gora est caractérisée comme une zone de cuivre typique, avec la présence de Fe, Mn, et en quantitée subordonnée de Pb, Zn, Mo, Ti, V, Au. — les Balkans portent les particularités d'une zone polymétallique (Pb, Zn, Cu) avec fer. On y remarque souvent des gîtes individualisés de cuivre, polymétallique avec fer, argent, ainsi que des gîtes complexes. Le Mn, Ba, Au, Ag, Co, Mo, As, Hg, V, W viennent en quantité subordonnée; — la zone des Kraistides, analogue à la précédente, se caractérise par des gisements polymétalliques pauvres et des gîtes à or et scheelite. Les éléments principaux sont: Au, Ba et secondaires: Pb, Zn, Cu, V et en partie du Fe et Hg; — la plateforme mésique, outre le gaz, se caractérise par le manganèse de la dépression de Varna.

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The metallogenic map of Bulgaria displays the following four major and distinct provinces: The Rhodopes as a typically polymetallic zone, mainly with Pb and Zn, but also with F, Cr and Ni, and minor or trace amounts of Ba, Mn, Cd, Sb, Mo, Bi, As, Au, Ag, V. The Sredna-gora is a distinct copper zone, with Fe and Mn, and minor amounts of Pb, Zn, Mo, Ti, V, Au. The Balkan is again a polymetallic zone of Pb, Zn and Cu with Fe; but Cu-Fe-Ag-deposits also occur. The other elements are present in minor quantities only. The Kraiste-Zone resembles the previous one and contains low grade polymetallic and scheelite deposits. The main elements are Au, Ba, and minor quantities of Pb, Zn, Cu, V and in part Fe and Hg. The zone of the Mésie platform contains only the manganese deposits of the Varna depression, in addition to natural gas.

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Carbon dioxide partial pressures in North Pacific surface waters — Time variations     

Louis I. Gordon  P. Kilho Park  Stephen W. Hager  Timothy R. Parsons 《Journal of Oceanography》1971,27(3):81-90

Observations were made of time variations of the carbon dioxide partial pressures (Pco₂) of the atmosphere and surface sea waters in the Pacific subarctic region. Data were obtained on a cruise of the USC & GSSSURVEYOR in October, 1968 and on the TRANSPAC expedition of the CNAVENDEAVOUR in March–April, 1969. A rise in surface water Pco₂ of 18×10^–6 atm occurred in a period of 30–45 days in March–April due principally to spring warming of surface waters. An average increase of 60×10^–6 atm occurred between October, 1968 and March, 1969 as a result mainly of cessation of summer phytoplankton production and the onset of winter-storm-driven vertical mixing. Because the air-sea Pco₂ gradient not only changed appreciably in magnitude but also changed sign, there are important implications for calculations of air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide on the ocean wide scale.Data contained in this paper comprise part of a dissertation to be submitted by Louis I. Gordon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. at Oregon State University.  相似文献   

Assessment of imposex in the common whelk, Buccinum undatum (L.) from the Eastern Scheldt, The Netherlands     

B.P. Mensink  C.C. ten Hallers-Tjabbes  J. Kralt  I.L. Freriks  J.P. Boon 《Marine environmental research》1996,41(4):315-325

Several cruises were carried out on the Eastern Scheldt between September 1992 and March 1995 to study the frequency and appearance of imposex in the common whelk, Buccinum undatum L. Incidences of imposex were always > 90%. For the first time several stages of imposex in Buccinum undatum are reported. The evolution of imposex in the whelk seems to follow a similar route as in Hinia reticulata belonging to the same superfamily (Buccinacea). Tissue organotin concentrations of animals collected in February 1995 showed the highest organotin concentrations in the digestive gland and lowest in the foot of the animals. Concentrations of phenyltin compounds (up to 625 ngSn/g DW) were much higher than those of butyltin compounds (up to 40 ngSn/g DW).  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of the seasonal variability of hydrophysical fields in the Black Sea     

V. I. Klimok  K. K. Makeshov 《Physical Oceanography》1993,4(1):27-33

The results of research into the seasonal variability of hydrothermodynamic characteristics of the Black Sea are presented. These have been obtained using field data on the fields of temperature, salinity, and wind, and by mathematical modelling. The seasonal variability of the current and heat content fields and of the cold intermediate layer and other hydrophysical characteristics is discussed.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.  相似文献   

Field observations of waves generated by passing ships: A note     

A.F. Velegrakis  M.I. VousdoukasA.M. Vagenas  Th. KarambasK. Dimou  Th. Zarkadas 《Coastal Engineering》2007

This short contribution reports the results of a field study on the nearshore characteristics of waves generated by both conventional and high speed passenger ferries. The field observations took place in the late summer of 2005, at a beach close to the port of Mytilene (Island of Lesbos, Greece), and involved the visual observation of ship waves, using digital video recordings and image processing techniques. The results showed that passage of the fast ferry was associated with a longer, more complex and energetic nearshore event; this event not only did include higher nearshore waves (up to 0.74 m) and was organised in different wave packets, but it was also an order of magnitude longer (∼ 680 s) than the conventional ferry event. Regarding the effects on beach sediment dynamics, the fast ferry waves were estimated to be very efficient in mobilising the nearshore sediments in contrast to those of the conventional ferry. The fast ferry service appears to generate daily prolonged nearshore events, which contain waves with higher energy than those expected from the normal summer wind wave regime of the area; these events also include some high and very steep waves, which can be particularly erosive. Therefore, fast ferry wakes may have considerable impacts on the seasonal beach sediment dynamics/morphodynamics and the nearshore benthic ecology, as well as they may pose significant risks to bathers, affecting the recreational use of the beaches exposed to fast ferry traffic. Finally, the study has shown that satisfactory field observations of the nearshore characteristics of ship-generated (and wind) waves can be obtained using inshore deployments of calibrated poles, digital video cameras and appropriate image processing algorithms.  相似文献   

Photochemical models of the atmosphere and their application in ozonosphere and climate studies: A review     

I. L. Karol’  A. A. Kiselev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(1):1-31

This review is devoted to problems in the photochemical modeling of atmospheric processes. The physicochemical and mathematical foundations underlying the construction of photochemical models are described, a classification of the atmospheric reactions is presented, and the features of photochemical modeling are considered under various irradiance conditions for various atmospheric layers and geographical regions. Atmospheric processes that are important to photochemical models are discussed. Applications involving photochemical models are outlined. Some results are presented to illustrate the capabilities of photochemical models. Special attention is given to relatively recent directions in photochemical modeling, such as data assimilation and inverse problems. The review can be used by experts in areas related to atmospheric chemistry as a basic source of knowledge on the subject and for the development of photochemical modules for atmospheric models.  相似文献   

Seasonal evolution of the transverse thermohaline asymmetry in the Ria de Pontevedra (northwestern Spain)     

M. deCastro  M. Gmez-Gesteira  I. lvarez  R. Prego 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):673

A quasi-permanent transverse asymmetry in the thermohaline properties of the Ria de Pontevedra (northwestern Spain) was measured from October 1997 to October 1998 during 23 cruises. On average, the density increased form north to south. This asymmetry was maintained by salinity during the wet season, and by salinity and temperature during the dry season. The density difference between coasts (Δσ_t = σ_tsouth − σ_tnorth) and the river discharge were positively correlated (correlation coefficient, approximately 0.6) throughout the year. The density difference was negatively correlated with the upwelling index during the wet season (correlation coefficient, approximately −0.45) and positively correlated during the dry season (correlation coefficient, approximately 0.55).  相似文献   

Imaging of Buried Archaeological Materials: The Reflection Properties of Archaeological Wood   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stephanie H.L. Arnott  Justin K. Dix  Angus I. Best  David J. Gregory 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):135-144

Effective marine archaeological site management demands detailed information on not only the spatial distribution of artefacts but also the degradation state of the materials present. Although sonar methods have frequently been used in an attempt to detect buried wooden shipwrecks they are currently unable to indicate their degradation state. To assess the sensitivity of acoustic measurements to changes in the degradation state of such material, and hence the potential for sonars to quantify degradation, laboratory measurements of compressional wave velocity, as well as bulk density for oak and pine samples, in varying states of decay, were undertaken. These data enabled the calculation of theoretical reflection coefficients for such materials buried in various marine sediments. As wood degrades, the reflection coefficients become more negative, resulting in the hypothesis that the more degraded wood becomes, the easier it should be to detect. Typical reflection coefficients of the order of −0.43 and −0.52 for the most degraded oak and pine samples in sand are predicted. Conversely, for wood exposed to seawater the predicted reflection coefficients are large and positive for undegraded material (0.35 for oak, 0.18 for pine) and decrease to zero or slightly below for the most degraded samples. This indicates that exposed timbers, when heavily degraded, can be acoustically transparent and so undetectable by acoustic methods. Corroboration of these experimental results was provided through comparison with high resolution seismic reflection data that has been acquired over two shipwrecks.  相似文献