Assessing natural and cultural influence on soil in remnant tropical woodlands     

C Y Jim  Michael W H Chan 《Area》2004,36(1):6-18

Rural Hong Kong contains culturally protected enclaves of remnant woodlands that provide sanctuary for vegetation, wildlife and soil. This study focuses on the influence of natural and cultural factors on soil properties in woodlands with different human activities. At each of the nine selected sites, two pits were dug to collect soil samples for analysis of 24 physical and chemical properties. Analyses of variance between soil attributes and site factors suggest the prominence of woodland size, and important contribution of topography, aspect and parent material. Soil indicators of human impacts and the tenacity of woodland soil towards anthropogenic disturbance were demonstrated.  相似文献   

Stable axisymmetric SPH formulation with no axis singularity          下载免费PDF全文

Jian Wang  Dave Chan  Jiahe Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(7):987-1006

The axisymmetric formulation of the governing equations for geomechanics in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented in this study. Two forms of SPH discretization for the motion equations, which are labeled as form I and form II, are proposed, and the methods to compute the hoop stress and strain terms including hoop strain rate and the acceleration introduced by the hoop stress are compared. To avoid possible singularity problem near the axis of symmetry, a perfectly smooth contact along with ghost particles are applied to prevent the real particles from overly approaching the axis of symmetry to remove this potential singularity. In addition, the Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model is implemented into the SPH formulation in describing soil behavior. Four numerical tests are carried out to validate and compare the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithms, and their results are compared with analytical solutions and results from FEM analysis. The performance in these comparisons suggests that SPH II with hoop terms computed through direct hoop method is more stable than the others, and the adoption of contact for the symmetric axis is efficient in eliminating the singularity problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Elastic Anisotropy of a Metamorphic Rock Sample of the Canadian Shield in Northeastern Alberta     

Judith Chan  Douglas R. Schmitt 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2015,48(4):1369-1385

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Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights     

Ki‐mook Kang  Duk‐jin Kim  Yunjee Kim  Eunhee Lee  Bong‐Gwan Kim  Seung Hee Kim  Kyoochul Ha  Dong‐Chan Koh  Yang‐Ki Cho  Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.  相似文献   

Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by aerial thermal infrared imagery: a case study on Jeju Island,Korea          下载免费PDF全文

Eunhee Lee  Ki‐mook Kang  Sung Pil Hyun  Kil‐Yong Lee  Heesung Yoon  Seung Hee Kim  Yongcheol Kim  Zhen Xu  Duk‐jin Kim  Dong‐Chan Koh  Kyoochul Ha 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3494-3506

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a global phenomenon that carries large volumes of groundwater and dissolved chemical species such as nutrient, metals, and organic compounds to coastal zones. We report the influence of SGD on the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, using high‐resolution aerial thermal infrared (TIR) mapping techniques and field investigations. An aircraft‐based system was implemented using a cost‐effective TIR camera for aerial TIR mapping. Ground‐based calibrations and system integration with GPS/IMU (global positioning system/inertial measurement unit) were performed for the aerial systems. The aerial surveys showed distinct low‐temperature signatures of SGD along the coasts of Jeju Island, revealing large groundwater inputs from the coastal aquifers to the ocean. Multiple aerial surveys over a range of seasons and tidal stages revealed that SGD rates dynamically affect the sea surface temperature (SST) of the coastal zone. The in‐situ measurements supported that SGD has a substantial influence on the coastal water chemistry as well as SST. Our observations highlight the extent to which aerial‐based TIR mapping can serve as a powerful tool for studying SGD and other coastal processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

荒漠绿洲湿地土壤水热盐动态过程及其影响机制     

孟阳阳  刘冰  刘婵 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):149-160

以甘肃临泽荒漠绿洲湿地为研究对象，通过对土壤温度、含水量、电导率及蒸散量的野外观测，在植物生长期和冻融期分别深入分析水热盐耦合运移过程及其影响因素，探讨水热梯度对盐分运移及其分布格局的控制作用。结果表明：土壤温度整体呈现出春夏季逐渐升高、秋冬季降低趋势。在冻结期，土壤表现为脱盐状态，表层电导率由2.8 mS·cm^-1降到1.2 mS·cm^-1；而在消融期为积盐状态，表层电导率由1.2 mS·cm^-1升到3.7 mS·cm^-1。在生长期，土壤含水量和电导率波动较为剧烈，表层含水量27%~43%，表层电导率3~5.5 mS·cm^-1，土壤脱盐、积盐反复出现。全年蒸散量总体呈单峰变化趋势，年蒸散量507 mm；土壤电导率与蒸散量呈正比关系，与地下水位呈负相关关系；蒸散发作用是土壤表层积盐的主要驱动力，而地下水波动影响着湿地脱盐、洗盐过程。因此，荒漠绿洲湿地土壤盐分累积过程是水分运移和热量传输过程发生变化的结果。  相似文献   

Integrative propositions for adapting conservation policy to the impacts of climate change     

Shannon Hagerman  Hadi Dowlatabadi  Kai M.A. Chan  Terre Satterfield 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(2):351-362

Conservation policies have changed over time in response to changes in human and ecological drivers. The impacts of climate (and other) concurrent changes prompt consideration of further iterations for both conservation means and objectives. In this paper we bring together previous disparate literatures and apply them to the question of how to adapt conservation polices to suit an era of climate change impacts. Our approach is based on two assertions: (i) that the integration of specific natural and social science insights is essential for understanding and effectively responding to this challenge, and (ii) that in addition to adaptive conservation means (strategies), attention needs to be given to considering adaptive conservation objectives. Specifically, we convert a core set of natural and social science insights into analytical tools known as heuristics or rules of thumb. We then use the heuristics as a basis to offer a list of preliminary propositions that can help inform the development of new means and objectives. The propositions address key considerations including recalibrating management objectives, the role of disturbance in facilitating ecological transitions, and overarching topics relating to governance. The propositions are speculative, and so intended only to outline potential avenues for further empirical research and subsequent refinement. In the spirit of adaptation, we expect and welcome their revision.  相似文献   

青藏高原片麻岩穹窿与找矿前景   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许志琴  付小方  马绪宣  戚学祥  吴婵  侯立伟  赵中宝 《地质学报》2016,90(11):2971-2981

片麻岩穹窿是研究俯冲-折返和碰撞-折返造山过程的重要窗口。已查明的大量青藏高原片麻岩穹窿(群)分布在古特提斯和新特提斯大洋俯冲-折返以及地体碰撞-折返过程中。松潘-甘孜造山带中雅江甲基卡片(麻)岩穹窿的三叠纪变质片岩的含矿伟晶岩脉中发现了超大型锂矿床,揭示片(麻)岩穹窿构造与同构造花岗岩、含矿伟晶岩脉以及大型印支滑脱带在时空和成因上有天然联系,为片麻岩穹窿的找矿前景提供了范例。  相似文献   

川中地区茅口组两期流体叠合控制下的白云石化模式     

王珏博  谷一凡  陶艳忠  强子同  强深涛  蒋婵 《沉积学报》2016,34(2):236-249

岩相学特征、地化分析揭示:川中地区下二叠统茅口组白云岩存在三种白云石:①平直晶面细晶白云石(δ13C_PDB=3.06‰,δ18O_PDB=-6.81‰;Fe:1×10-6,Mn:未检出,Sr:150×10-6);②非平直晶面粗晶鞍状白云石(δ13C_PDB=3.22‰,δ18O_PDB=-7.82‰;Fe:149×10-6,Mn:185×10-6,Sr:85×10-6);③非平直晶面细晶白云石(δ13C_PDB=3.49‰,δ18O_PDB=-9.45‰;Th=123℃,S=133~139‰NaCl;Fe:58×10-6,Mn:59×10-6,Sr:76×10-6)。研究结果表明存在两期白云石化流体:①早期压实作用形成的埋藏白云石化流体(T=37.4℃;S=29.8‰NaCl);②晚期受构造控制的热液白云石化流体(Th=114.8℃;S=153~226‰NaCl)。明确了三种白云石的成因:平直晶面细晶白云石是由早期埋藏流体交代泥晶基质形成的;非平直晶面细晶白云石是平直晶面细晶白云石在受到热液流体改造后所形成的;而非平直晶面粗晶鞍状白云石则是由热液流体直接沉淀出的。基于研究结果建立了相应的白云化模式。  相似文献   

Geo-parametric study of dredged marine clay with solidification for potential reuse as good engineering soil     

Chee-Ming Chan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(11):941

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