Experimental Investigation About Influence of Pre-existing Fracture on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Under Tri-axial Stresses     

Wan Cheng  Yan Jin  Qing Lin  Mian Chen  Yakun Zhang  Ce Diao  Bing Hou 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2015,33(3):467-473

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A spatial–temporal projection model for extended-range forecast in the tropics     

Zhiwei Zhu  Tim Li  Pang-chi Hsu  Jinhai He 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(3-4):1085-1098

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A probabilistic approach for computing water retention of particulate systems from statistics of grain size and tessellated pore network     

Richard Wan  Mehdi Pouragha  Mahdad Eghbalian  Jérôme Duriez  Tai Wong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(5):956-973

The paper offers an analytical determination of the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated soil with reference to its retention curve, which describes the relationship between the volumetric water content and capillarity through matric suction. The analysis combines a particulate approach focused on the physics at the pore scale, including microstructural aspects, with a probabilistic approach where the void space and grain size are considered as random variables. In the end, the soil water characteristic curve of an unsaturated granular medium along a drying path can be derived analytically based on the sole information of particle size distribution. The analysis hinges on the tessellation of a wet granular system into an assemblage of tetrahedral unit cells revealing a pore network upon which capillary physics are computed with respect to pore throat invasion by a non-wetting fluid with evolving pendular capillary bridges. The crux of the paper is to pass from particle size probability distribution to a matching void space distribution to eventually reveal key information such as void cell and solid volume statistics. Making reasonable statistically based assumptions to render calculations tractable, the water retention curve can be readily constructed. Model predictions compare quite favourably with experimental data available for actual soils, especially in the high saturation range. Having a sound scientific basis, the model can be made amenable to address a variety of soils with a wider range of particle sizes.  相似文献   

Micromechanical approach to swelling behavior of capillary-porous media with coupled physics     

Mahdad Eghbalian  Mehdi Pouragha  Richard Wan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):353-380

A detailed multiscale analysis is presented of the swelling phenomenon in unsaturated clay-rich materials in the linear regime through homogenization. Herein, the structural complexity of the material is formulated as a three-scale, triple porosity medium within which microstructural information is transmitted across the various scales, leading ultimately to an enriched stress-deformation relation at the macroscopic scale. As a side note, such derived relationship leads to a tensorial stress partitioning that is reminiscent of a Terzaghi-like effective stress measure. Otherwise, a major result that stands out from previous works is the explicit expression of swelling stress and capillary stress in terms of micromechanical interactions at the very fine scale down to the clay platelet level, along with capillary stress emerging due to interactions between fluid phases at the different scales, including surface tension, pore size, and morphology. More importantly, the swelling stress is correlated with the disjoining forces due to electrochemical effects of charged ions on clay minerals and van der Waals forces at the nanoscale. The resulting analytical expressions also elucidate the role of the various physics in the deformational behavior of clayey material. Finally, the capability of the proposed formulation in capturing salient behaviors of unsaturated expansive clays is illustrated through some numerical examples.  相似文献   

Constitutive modelling of fine-grained gassy soil: A composite approach     

Zhiwei Gao  Yi Hong  Lizhong Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(9):1350-1368

Fine-grained marine sediments containing large undissolved gas bubbles are widely distributed around the world. Presence of the bubbles could degrade the undrained shear strength (s_u ) of the soil, when the gas pressure u_g is relatively high as compared with the effective stress in the saturated soil matrix. Meanwhile, the addition of bubbles may also increase s_u when the difference between u_g and pore water pressure u_w becomes smaller than the water entry value, causing partial water drainage from the saturated matrix into the bubbles (bubble flooding) during globally undrained shearing. A new constitutive model for describing the two competing effects on the stress-strain relationship of fine-grained gassy soil is proposed within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The gassy soil is considered as a three-phase composite material with compressible cavities, which allows water entry from the saturated matrix. Bubble flooding is modelled by introducing an additional positive volumetric strain increment of the saturated clay matrix, which is dependent on the difference between pore gas and pore water pressure based on experimental observations. A modified hardening law based on that of the modified Cam clay model is employed, which in conjunction with the expression for bubble flooding, can describe both the detrimental and beneficial effects of gas bubbles on soil strength and plastic hardening in shear. Only two extra parameters in addition to those in the modified Cam clay model are used. It is shown that the key features of the stress-strain relationship of three fine-grained gassy soils can be reproduced satisfactorily.  相似文献   

An analytical study on three‐dimensional versus two‐dimensional water table‐induced flow patterns in a Tóthian basin          下载免费PDF全文

Jun‐Zhi Wang  Xiao‐Wei Jiang  Zhi‐Yuan Zhang  Li Wan  Xu‐Sheng Wang  Hailong Li 《水文研究》2017,31(22):4006-4018

Although it has been increasingly acknowledged that groundwater flow pattern is complicated in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) domain, two‐dimensional (2‐D) water table‐induced flow models are still widely used to delineate basin‐scale groundwater circulation. However, the validity of 2‐D cross‐sectional flow field induced by water table has been seldom examined. Here, we derive the analytical solution of 3‐D water table‐induced hydraulic head in a Tóthian basin and then examine the validity of 2‐D cross‐sectional models by comparing the flow fields of selected cross sections calculated by the 2‐D cross‐sectional model with those by the 3‐D model, which represents the “true” cases. For cross sections in the recharge or discharge area of the 3‐D basin, even if head difference is not significant, the 2‐D cross‐sectional models result in flow patterns absolutely different from the true ones. For the cross section following the principal direction of groundwater flow, although 2‐D cross‐sectional models would overestimate the penetrating depth of local flow systems and underestimate the recharge/discharge flux, the flow pattern from the cross‐sectional model is similar to the true one and could be close enough to the true one by adjusting the decay exponent and anisotropy ratio of permeability. Consequently, to determine whether a 2‐D cross‐sectional model is applicable, a comparison of hydraulic head difference between 2‐D and 3‐D solutions is not enough. Instead, the similarity of flow pattern should be considered to determine whether a cross‐sectional model is applicable. This study improves understanding of groundwater flow induced by more natural water table undulations in the 3‐D domain and the limitations of 2‐D models accounting for cross‐sectional water table undulation only.  相似文献   

南美Oriente盆地北部海绿石砂岩油藏特征及成藏规律          下载免费PDF全文

阳孝法  谢寅符  张志伟  陈和平  马中振  周玉冰  王丹丹  刘亚明  贺正军  赵永斌 《地质科学》2016,(1):189-203

南美厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地斜坡带发育的白垩系Napo组高伽马特征的UT海绿石砂岩段是成熟探区新发现的隐蔽含油层段。本文分析了海绿石砂岩储层的矿物组成、孔隙结构、成岩作用、物性特点,并结合烃源岩评价与石油空间分布探讨海绿石砂岩油藏的成藏特征。海绿石粘土矿物以颗粒形式存在,与石英共同构成海绿石砂岩的颗粒组分,海绿石砂岩的孔隙结构具有双峰特征,束缚水含量高,属于中-低孔、中-低渗储层类型,孔隙类型主要是剩余粒间孔。海绿石砂岩储层中石英次生加大属Ⅱ级,长石碎屑颗粒发生溶蚀作用,含铁碳酸盐类胶结物发育,结合泥岩低的I/S混层比和高的最高峰温值T_max,指示海绿石砂岩层段属于中成岩阶段A期的产物。与海绿石砂岩油藏紧邻的大面积分布的Ⅱ₁腐泥型成熟烃源岩就是缓翼斜坡带的生烃中心,大面积连续发育的海绿石砂岩与之构成优越的源储组合,有利于上生下储式成藏。海绿石砂岩油藏表现为近源性、成藏晚期性等特点,规模发育的海绿石砂岩储层得以成藏的主要运聚机制是体积流和扩散流运聚机制。这对盆地其它油区同类油藏的发现具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆构造隆升     

吴珍汉  刘志伟  赵珍  季长军  叶培盛 《地质学报》2016,90(4):615-627

沿隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏发现大量逆冲推覆构造,如北雷错东西两侧、隆鄂尼西北侧、比洛错东南侧、鲁雄错东西两侧,侏罗系烃源岩及含油白云岩沿低角度缓倾斜断层自北向南逆冲推覆于上白垩统红层之上,昂达尔错西北侧中侏罗统含油碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩自北向南逆冲推覆于三叠系灰黑色碎屑岩之上,形成不同规模的逆冲岩席、逆冲岩片、飞来峰和构造窗。高分辨率二维地震反射剖面显示,隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏深部发育多重逆冲推覆构造;比洛错中侏罗统含油白云岩沿顶部双重推覆构造自北向南运移7~11km和12~15km,分别形成隆鄂尼古油藏和德如日古油藏;下伏三叠系及石炭系—二叠系沿底部双重推覆构造自北向南发生大规模逆冲推覆,前锋被向北逆冲的反向断层切割错断。野外观测表明,隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏与羌中隆起北侧油苗带之间发育大量侏罗系逆冲岩席和飞来峰;深地震反射剖面构造解释进一步揭示,三叠系和侏罗系海相烃源岩经历自北羌塘向南羌塘长距离逆冲推覆构造运动,自北向南逆冲推覆运动导致侏罗系烃源岩及中侏罗统含油白云岩构造隆升,形成昂达尔错、隆鄂尼、德如日等古油藏。隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆及构造隆升主要发生于晚白垩世—古近纪。  相似文献   

下扬子PTB界线深水相区粘土岩的火山成因研究及其对LPME的指示意义     

廖志伟  胡文瑄  王小林  曹剑  姚素平  万野 《地质学报》2016,90(4):785-800

全球,尤其是特提斯域二叠—三叠纪之交(PTB)剖面中普遍发育火山成因的粘土岩,对理解晚二叠世末生物大灭绝(LPME)的触发机制及相关基础地质问题具有重要意义。本文报道了在华南下扬子区新发现两条深水PTB剖面(皖南牛山和蔡村)的粘土岩工作,包括岩石学、矿物学和全岩地球化学等,填补了区域研究空白。研究结果发现,粘土岩主要由伊利石等粘土矿物,以及石英、岩浆锆石、长石等斑晶矿物组成。在地球化学上具有高K_2O、低Na_2O、相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)等特征。据此,认为这些粘土岩为火山成因的钾质斑脱岩,其原岩可能为中酸性流纹英安岩,具有弧岩浆作用的源区背景。对比华南其他地区已发现的PTB界线粘土岩,发现它们成因类似,可能来源于古特提斯洋周缘陆陆碰撞,抑或是泛大洋俯冲潘吉亚大陆东缘(包括华南板块)所导致的长英质火山岩浆喷发,且具有多期多源性特点。PTB时期全球活跃的火山岩浆活动(包括镁铁质火山作用和华南地区火山灰所指征的长英质火山作用)可能是导致LPME的主要原因。  相似文献   

利用Abel-Poisson径向基函数模型化局部重力场     

马志伟  陆洋  涂弋  朱传东  郗慧 《测绘学报》2016,45(9):1019-1027

多种类型高分辨率重力场数据的不断增加,使得在局部范围内精化重力场模型成为了可能。本文采用Abel-Poisson核将重力场量表示成有限个径向基函数线性求和的形式,对局部区域的多种重力场数据进行联合建模。为了提高运算速度,运用了基于自适应精化格网算法的最小均方根误差准则(RMS)来求解径向基函数平均带宽。以南海核心地区为例,联合两种不同类型、不同分辨率的重力场资料(大地水准面起伏6'×6'、重力异常2'×2'),构建了局部区域高分辨率的重力场模型。所建模型表示的重力场参量达到了2'×2'的分辨率,对原始的重力异常数据(2'×2')拟合的符合程度达到±0.8×10-5m/s2。结果表明,利用径向基函数方法进行局部重力场建模,避免了球谐函数建模收敛慢的问题,有效提高了模型表示重力场的分辨率。  相似文献