排序方式： 共有18条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Lydie Dupont 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(25-26):3589-3602
Palynological records of Middle and Late Pleistocene marine sediments off African shores is reviewed in order to reveal long-term patterns of vegetation change during climate cycles. Whether the transport of pollen and spores from the source areas on the continent to the ocean floor is mainly by wind or predominantly by rivers depends on the region. Despite the differences in transportation, accumulation rates in the marine sediments decline exponentially with distance to the shore. The marine sediments provide well-dated records presenting the vegetation history of the main biomes of western and southern Africa. The extent of different biomes varied with the climate changes of the glacial interglacial cycle. The Mediterranean forest area expanded during interglacials, the northern Saharan desert during glacials, and the semi-desert area in between during the transitions. In the sub-Saharan mountains ericaceous scrubland spread mainly during glacials and the mountainous forest area often increased during intermediate periods. Savannahs extended or shifted to lower latitudes during glacials. While the representation of the tropical rain forest fluctuated with summer insolation and precession, that of the subtropical biomes showed more obliquity variability or followed the pattern of glacial and interglacials. 相似文献
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We evaluate the exposure during nadir observations with JEM-EUSO, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory, on-board the Japanese Experiment Module of the International Space Station. Designed as a mission to explore the extreme energy Universe from space, JEM-EUSO will monitor the Earth’s nighttime atmosphere to record the ultraviolet light from tracks generated by extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In the present work, we discuss the particularities of space-based observation and we compute the annual exposure in nadir observation. The results are based on studies of the expected trigger aperture and observational duty cycle, as well as, on the investigations of the effects of clouds and different types of background light. We show that the annual exposure is about one order of magnitude higher than those of the presently operating ground-based observatories. 相似文献
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综合气象因素对广西电力负荷的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对电网负荷易受多种气象因素影响的特点,为综合衡量气象因素对广西电力负荷的影响,引入了气象学指数--有效温度,分析了4-10月气温、相对湿度、风及有效气温对电力负荷的影响.结果表明:气温与电力负荷呈显著的正相关关系,气温是影响电力负荷的主要因子;夏季以气温和风速、气温和相对湿度组合的变化对负荷的影响较大,风速从静风到有风时,负荷明显地减少,但当超过一定的温度时,风速越大负荷反而增加;6-9月,负荷随着气温和有效温度的升高呈线性增加;在春夏、夏秋季过渡季节,负荷并不完全随着气温的升高而增加,在气温不是太高的阶段,相对湿度增大时,负荷有下降的趋势,当超过一定的温度时,负荷随气温和有效温度的升高而增加. 相似文献
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The accurate detection of heavy metal-induced stress on crop growth is important for food security and agricultural, ecological and environmental protection. Spectral sensing offers an efficient and undamaged observation tool to monitor soil and vegetation contamination. This study proposed a methodology for dynamically estimating the total cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice tissues by assimilating spectral information into WOFOST (World Food Study) model. Based on the differences among ground hyperspectral data of rice in three experiments fields under different Cd concentration levels, the spectral indices MCARI1, NREP and RH were selected to reflect the rice stress condition and dry matter production of rice. With assimilating these sensitive spectral indices into the WOFOST + PROSPECT + SAIL model to optimize the Cd pollution stress factor fwi, the dynamic dry matter production processes of rice were adjusted. Based on the relation between dry matter production and Cd accumulation, we dynamically simulating the Cd accumulation in rice tissues. The results showed that the method performed well in dynamically estimating the total amount of Cd accumulation in rice tissues with R2 over 85%. This study suggests that the proposed method of integrating the spectral information and the crop growth model could successfully dynamically simulate the Cd accumulation in rice tissues. 相似文献
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孟加拉湾对流对广西秋季暴雨影响分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用综合观测数据1 °×1 °FNL和2.5 °×2.5 °NCEP再分析资料、以及卫星云顶黑体辐射温度资料（TBB）,对2015年11月广西出现的三次暴雨过程（8日、11—12日和20日）的850 hPa水汽通量散度及水汽输送特征进行了对比分析。8日和20日暴雨的低层水汽主要来自南海,11—12日连续暴雨的水汽来自南海和孟加拉湾。暴雨前后TBB的分析表明,在暴雨发生前2~3 d,孟加拉湾对流发展到最强,孟加拉湾对流对广西秋季暴雨具有前兆信号特征。暴雨前后TBB时空剖面表明,暴雨发生前孟加拉湾对流有向广西波动传播的特征。模式敏感性实验显示,当关闭孟加拉湾对流2~3 d后,广西48 h累计雨量减小。 相似文献
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Theodore G. Shepherd Emily Boyd Raphael A. Calel Sandra C. Chapman Suraje Dessai Ioana M. Dima-West Hayley J. Fowler Rachel James Douglas Maraun Olivia Martius Catherine A. Senior Adam H. Sobel David A. Stainforth Simon F. B. Tett Kevin E. Trenberth Bart J. J. M. van den Hurk Nicholas W. Watkins Dimitri A. Zenghelis 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):555-569
Investigating the relationships between climate extremes and crop yield can help us understand how unfavourable climatic conditions affect crop production. In this study, two statistical models, multiple linear regression and random forest, were used to identify rainfall extremes indices affecting wheat yield in three different regions of the New South Wales wheat belt. The results show that the random forest model explained 41–67% of the year-to-year yield variation, whereas the multiple linear regression model explained 34–58%. In the two models, 3-month timescale standardized precipitation index of Jun.–Aug. (SPIJJA), Sep.–Nov. (SPISON), and consecutive dry days (CDDs) were identified as the three most important indices which can explain yield variability for most of the wheat belt. Our results indicated that the inter-annual variability of rainfall in winter and spring was largely responsible for wheat yield variation, and pre-growing season rainfall played a secondary role. Frequent shortages of rainfall posed a greater threat to crop growth than excessive rainfall in eastern Australia. We concluded that the comparison between multiple linear regression and machine learning algorithm proposed in the present study would be useful to provide robust prediction of yields and new insights of the effects of various rainfall extremes, when suitable climate and yield datasets are available. 相似文献
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使用1951—2013年NOAA OLR、NCEP/NCAR风场和高度场再分析资料、中国气象局热带气旋资料,分析2013年影响广西热带气旋数量偏多的原因。结果表明：2013年6—9月西太平洋副热带高压明显偏强,西伸脊点明显偏西,脊线略偏北,同时副热带高压南侧对流活跃,降水过程潜热释放有助于副热带高压位置偏北,这种形势非常有利于热带气旋向广西移动。索马里越赤道气流强劲,在南海及菲律宾与北太平洋反气旋西南侧的东南气流相遇,形成季风槽,非常有利于热带气旋生成频数偏多。热带低频强对流带在印度洋和西太平洋活动频繁,并分别向东向西移动;赤道东太平洋海温偏低;哈得来和沃克环流较常年偏强,沃克环流上升支位置偏西,这些也可能是2013年影响广西热带气旋数量偏多的原因之一。 相似文献
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基于多时间尺度的回归集成预测模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引入能够将非线性、非平稳过程的数据进行线性化和平稳化处理的EMD方法,对广东降水的时间序列进行时间尺度分离,从复杂的非平稳信号中提取相对简单以不同时间尺度振荡的准周期信号,选取能较好描述降水周期特征的IMF分量作为建模备选因子,然后以均生回归、均生相关、韵律拟合误差和拟合误差4种方法构建预测模型,结果得到采用多尺度因子构建的4种单预测模型近10年Ps评分和降水距平符号同号率平均分在68~73分和50%~58%之间,而采用4种模型构建的回归集成模型两种评分方法的平均分分别高达79.8和68.8%,较单一预测模型评分分别提高了近10分和10%以上。将具有降水指示信号的前冬赤道东太平洋海温因子耦合到回归集成预测模型,其Ps评分结果与纯降水集成模型相当,但同号率评分略高3.1%。从而,提取要素序列的多种时间尺度特征,并采用多模型的集成预报,均能有效提高短期气候预测水平。 相似文献