基于共姿态道集的静校正方法          下载免费PDF全文

何登科  彭苏萍  孙亮 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):258-266

静校正问题是地震勘探的关键问题,直接影响地震勘探精度和准确性.实际地震采集过程中,当在相同接收点位置上不同时间内插拔布设了不同的检波器时,对于目前基于地表一致性理论假设的基准面静校正和剩余静校正,以及非地表一致性剩余静校正都不具备适用条件.为解决这一问题,本文提出了基于共姿态道集的静校正方法,将相同接收点位置上不同时间布设的检波点所接收的地震数据抽成不同的共姿态道集,在共姿态道集内实施地表一致性静校正;当某接收点位置上具有若干个共姿态道集时,该接收点位置上可能会存在多个检波点静校量;炮点静校问题仍然采用地表一致性静校正方法解决.该方法解决了同一接收点位置上不同共姿态道集之间的非地表一致性静校正问题,同时也解决了全区的检波点和炮点的地表一致性静校正问题,在实际数据应用效果明显.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of nearshore chemical conditions in the Mesoproterozoic: evidence from red and grey beds of the Yangzhuang formation,North China Craton     

Yu Zou  Dongna Liu  Hongwei Kuang  Changgui Song  Yuxiang Sun 《International Geology Review》2020,62(11):1433-1449

ABSTRACT

Mesoproterozoic red beds near ancient coasts have not aroused extensive interest. A new geochemical study of the alternating red and grey dolostones from the Yangzhuang Formation provides a better understanding of the redox conditions of nearshore sedimentary environments. In this contribution, whole-rock samples are characterized by positive correlations of rare earth elements (REE) vs. Th and Fe_T vs. Th and flat-type REE distribution patterns, indicating massive terrigenous input, which is considered to be inherited from felsic rocks. Relatively high (Fe_mag+Fe_ox)/Fe_T and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratios in red beds indicate more oxidized conditions in supratidal environments compared with the lower oxygen contents in intertidal environments. Under these two distinct chemical sedimentary conditions, acetic acid-leached red and grey samples both have HREE-depleted distributions, suggesting significant freshwater invasion. Moreover, limited terrigenous redox-sensitive elements (RSEs) can reach the coast where the red beds are deposited, whereas relatively high RSE enrichment factors originating from shallow oceans are recorded in grey beds. In the Mesoproterozoic, limited oxidative weathering, shallow seawater desalination, and low organic production occurred near the coast. Meanwhile, a prolonged period of low Mo and U availability preserved in carbonate minerals confirmed that marine oxygen levels failed to satisfy the deposition of offshore red beds. During the regression, potentially exposed sediments connected to atmospheric oxygen guaranteed the oxidation of iron and the formation of red beds, and these events were coupled with negative δ¹³C_carb shifts in the Yanliao rift zone.  相似文献   

Detrital record of late-stage silicic volcanism in the Emeishan large igneous province     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Silicic volcanic rocks generally constitute a minor, but key product to track the magmatic evolution in mafic rock dominated large igneous provinces (LIPs). However, for their generally late-stage nature of the silicic volcanic rocks they have a poor preservation potential due to extensive post-eruption erosion. We track the eroded volcanic rocks from the ∼260 Ma Emeishan LIP by analyzing the provenance of the LIP-derived sedimentary rocks. Sandstones from a cored succession of the Late Permian Longtan Formation in the northern Youjiang Basin are rich in volcanic rock fragments, and associated mudstones have low Al₂O₃/TiO₂ ratios. Detrital zircon grains from the Longtan Formation display typical unimodal U–Pb age spectra with a prominent peak at ca. 260 Ma. These detrital zircons show an overall geochemical affinity akin to those crystallized from within-plate/anorogenic magmas. Such petrological and geochemical characteristics are consistent with a dominant source from the Emeishan volcanic rocks. Through the sampled succession, zircon grains of ∼260 Ma from the lower Longtan Formation generally display lower U/Yb (most < 0.5) and Th/Nb (most < 10) ratios and higher εHf(t) values (mostly in the range of +3 to +8) than those from the upper part. A similar sequential variation has also been observed in the Shaiwa Formation, which is an offshore time-equivalent unit to the Longtan Formation. These consistent temporal variations through the sedimentary successions in the Youjiang Basin are interpreted to reflect erosional unroofing of the Emeishan LIP during the Late Permian. These results, integrated with previous studies on the rhyolites and trachytes in Emeishan LIP, reveal a fractional crystallization dominated petrogenetic process with diminishing crustal assimilation for the late-stage silicic volcanism.  相似文献   

Monitoring active open-pit mine stability in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany using a coherence-based SBAS method     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

With the recent progress in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology, especially the new generation of SAR satellites (Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X), our ability to assess slope stability in open-pit mines has significantly improved. The main objective of this work is to map ground displacement and slope instability over three open-pit mines, namely, Hambach, Garzweiler and Inden, in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany to provide long-term monitoring solutions for open-pit mining operations and their surroundings. Three SAR datasets, including Sentinel-1A data in ascending and descending orbits and TerraSAR-X data in a descending orbit, were processed by a modified small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm, called coherence-based SBAS, to retrieve ground displacement related to the three open-pit mines and their surroundings. Despite the continuously changing topography over these active open-pit mines, the small perpendicular baselines of both Sentinel-1A and TerraSAR-X data were not affected by DEM errors and hence could yield accurate estimates of surface displacement. Significant land subsidence was observed over reclaimed areas, with rates exceeding 500 mm/yr, 380 mm/yr, and 310 mm/yr for the Hambach, Garzweiler and Inden mine, respectively. The compaction process of waste materials is the main contributor to land subsidence. Land uplift was found over the areas near the active working parts of the mines, which was probably due to excavation activities. Horizontal displacement retrieved from the combination of ascending and descending data was analysed, revealing an eastward movement with a maximum rate of ∼120 mm/yr on the western flank and a westward movement with a maximum rate of ∼ 60 mm/yr on the eastern flank of the pit. Former open-pit mines Fortuna-Garsdorf and Berghein in the eastern part of Rhenish coalfields, already reclaimed for agriculture, also show subsidence, at locations reaching 150 mm/yr. The interferometric results were compared, whenever possible, with groundwater information to analyse the possible reasons for ground deformation over the mines and their surroundings.  相似文献   

胜利矿区植被覆盖度时序变化的空间异质性监测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王科雯  李晶  王瑞国  付晓 《测绘通报》2020,(11):1-6

通过对胜利矿区的地理位置、气候条件等背景的分析,本文为实现获取时序性植被覆盖度的空间异质性的目的,使用ENVI、GIS、Matlab等软件,基于胜利矿区1985—2017年的Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感数据计算NDVI,利用像元二分模型计算植被覆盖度,得到研究区植被覆盖度均值的时序变化情况。采用转移矩阵法和Sen+Mann-Kendall法对研究区域内不同等级的植被覆盖转移情况及变化趋势情况进行分析。研究表明：胜利矿区植被覆盖度均值波动较大,呈轻微下降趋势。在监测时段内68.36%的高植被覆盖区域植被发生了退化,只有3.2%左右的极低植被覆盖区域得到了良好的改善。此外,研究区植被覆盖度受到结构性因子和随机性因子的影响,空间异质性明显,灌溉区由于人为干涉,植被生长良好,极低植被覆盖面积维持在3%以下,植被覆盖显著下降区域主要集中在露天采坑、排土场等矿业景观区。  相似文献   

封闭不良钻孔矿井瞬变电磁法超前精细探测研究     

黄忠正  姜国庆  王军  程久龙  马智  田楚霄  辛成涛 《煤田地质与勘探》2022,50(8):142-148

封闭不良钻孔不同程度地连通含水层,形成隐蔽性较强的导水通道,对巷道掘进和工作面回采构成水害威胁。基于全空间瞬变电磁理论,构建掘进工作面前方封闭不良钻孔三维地质-地球物理模型,模拟研究封闭不良钻孔影响区模型的全空间瞬变电磁场响应特征,进而探讨矿井瞬变电磁法用于封闭不良钻孔超前探测的有效性。数值模拟结果表明,封闭不良钻孔附近含水体在感应电动势多测道图上表现为幅值增强,异常特征明显。结合宁夏双马煤矿I0104₁08工作面运输巷掘进工作面前方封闭不良钻孔超前探测工程开展应用研究,探测结果显示,在钻孔位置的煤层顶板出现局部低阻,表明该钻孔具有一定的导水性,引起顶板局部相对富水性增强。研究结果表明,封闭不良钻孔导致的局部富水性增强可以引起典型且易于识别的瞬变电磁场响应。采用矿井瞬变电磁法进行超前探测,并结合精细化处理解释可以有效查明钻孔附近岩层的相对富水特征,进而对封闭不良钻孔的导水性进行评价,为封闭不良钻孔的治理提供依据,保障矿井安全生产。  相似文献   

库车坳陷东部吐格尔明地区天然气地球化学特征及油气充注史     

刘洋  李贤庆  赵光杰  刘满仓  董才源  李谨  肖中尧 《现代地质》2022,36(4):988-997

库车坳陷东部油气地质条件复杂,天然气成因与油气充注时间存在争议,油气充注史不明,制约其油气勘探进程。利用天然气组分、碳同位素组成、流体包裹体岩相学与均一温度等分析测试数据,结合沉积埋藏史及构造演化史,研究了库车坳陷东部吐格尔明地区天然气地球化学特征、天然气成因类型及油气充注时间,分析了油气充注成藏过程。结果表明：吐格尔明地区天然气组分以甲烷为主,甲烷含量为75.56%～90.11%,干燥系数为0.79～0.93;δ¹³C₁和δ¹³C₂值为-35.73‰～-33.80‰和-26.41‰～-25.30‰,天然气成因类型属于成熟阶段的煤成气。吐格尔明地区侏罗系砂岩储层发育两类流体包裹体,分别为黄色液态烃包裹体和蓝白色荧光的气液烃包裹体、灰色的气烃包裹体,表明该区存在两期油气充注,第一期为13～7 Ma的原油充注,第二期为2.6 Ma以来的天然气充注。康村组早中期,吐格尔明地区烃源岩形成的原油充注至宽缓背斜圈闭中保存;库车组晚期,侏罗系克孜勒努尔组与阳霞组发育良好的源储组合,天然气近距离充注成藏。  相似文献   

Holocene hydrological changes in south-western Mediterranean as recorded by lake-level fluctuations at Lago Preola,a coastal lake in southern Sicily,Italy     

Michel Magny  Boris Vannière  Camilla Calo  Laurent Millet  Aurélie Leroux  Odile Peyron  Gianni Zanchetta  Tommaso La Mantia  Willy Tinner 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(19-20):2459-2475

This paper presents a high-resolution lake-level record for the Holocene at Lago Preola (Sicily, southern Italy) based on a specific sedimentological approach, with a chronology derived from AMS radiocarbon dates. It gives evidence of three major successive palaeohydrological periods, with (1) a pronounced dryness during the early Holocene until ca 10300 cal BP, (2) a highstand from ca 10300 to 4500 cal BP, and (3) a marked lowstand from 4500 cal BP to present. Large amplitude lake-level fluctuations characterise two transition phases at ca 10300–9000 and 6400–4500 cal BP. Period 2 was interrupted between 8300 and 7000 cal BP by a dry phase that was punctuated to ca 7300 cal BP by the deposition of a tephra from neighbouring Pantelleria Island. Comparisons of the Preola record with other palaeohydrological records along north–south and west–east transects in the Mediterranean show contrasting patterns of hydrological changes: north (south) of around 40°N latitude, the records highlight a mid-Holocene period characterised by lake-level minima (maxima). Humid mid-Holocene conditions over the Mediterranean south of 40°N were probably linked to a strong weakening of the Hadley cell circulation and of monsoon winds. We suggest that the maximum of humidity in the Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene was characterised by humid winters to the north of 40°N and humid summers to the south. On a multi-centennial scale, the high-resolution palaeohydrological reconstructions in the central Mediterranean area reveal a strong climate reversal around 4500–4000 cal BP, with contrasting changes in the hydrological cycle. In addition to seasonal and inter-hemispherical changes related to orbital forcing, this major oscillation might be related to non-linear responses of the climatic system to the gradual decrease in summer insolation at northern latitudes. Another major climate oscillation around 7500–7000 cal BP may have resulted from the combined effects of (1) a strong rate of change in insolation, and (2) variations in solar activity. Finally, comparisons of the Preola lake-level record with Sicilian pollen records suggest a strong influence of moisture availability on vegetation development in Sicily. Very dry early Holocene conditions probably prevented the expansion of coastal evergreen forests, while decreasing moisture availability since the onset of the late Holocene may have exacerbated effects of intensive land-use.  相似文献   

广东省兴梅煤田控煤构造样式及其控煤意义研究     

张德高  刘特辉  徐红霞  曹代勇 《中国煤炭地质》2012,(8):1-4,22

兴梅煤田在区域构造位置上位于华南褶皱系永梅-惠阳拗陷东北段的永梅凹褶断束,区内煤系赋存特征与控煤构造样式关系密切。运用构造控煤分析方法,根据后期控煤构造几何形态、特征及形成机制,将兴梅煤田构造样式分为伸展构造样式、压缩构造样式、滑动构造样式、滑推叠加构造样式和剪切与旋转构造样式5大类13种类型。本区以轴向北西（含北北西、北西西）的褶皱控煤构造较为多见,其煤系赋存较稳定,可形成较大面积的赋煤单元;伸展构造样式常使煤系失去连续性;压缩构造样式、滑推叠加构造样式、滑动构造样式常造成煤系地层重复,增加资源量,但煤系受破坏显著,含煤块段连续性较差、面积一般较小,煤矿规模多为小型。  相似文献   

不同煤阶煤层气运移通道的差异性研究     

王庆伟  王勤旺 《中国煤炭地质》2012,(4):24-26,30

不同煤阶运移通道的差异性研究可对煤层气开发工艺的选择和参数的确定具有重要的理论意义和指导生产的实际意义。利用达西渗流理论,判定了煤层气流态和渗透率之间的关系,进而借助实验室方法测定了不同煤阶煤储层的渗透率,最终利用煤层气流态建立了煤储层渗透率与运移通道的关系,总结出了不同煤阶煤层气运移通道的差异性：①低煤阶：煤储层运移通道是基质孔隙起主导作用;②中煤阶：煤储层运移通道是割理、裂隙并重;③高煤阶：煤储层运移通道是裂隙起主导作用。  相似文献