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31.
传统的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法因受到电离层延迟变化的影响,容易出现平滑结果发散和精度下降的问题,而现有的解决方案对精度提高有限或需要外部精密电离层改正数据的支持。本文研究了电离层的变化规律并建立回归模型,在此基础上提出了一种自模型化电离层延迟变化的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法。此算法利用伪距和载波观测量中含有的电离层延迟信息进行电离层延迟建模,从平滑伪距中扣除了历元间电离层延迟变化值,有效避免了平滑伪距的发散问题。利用自编软件GNSSer实现了电离层自模型化的载波平滑伪距算法,并采用静态与动态实测观测数据进行了定位试验和精度分析。算例结果表明:①长时段常规Hatch滤波受电离层影响非常严重;②自模型化电离层延迟可达厘米级的精度,在30 min窗口内,使用线性移动开窗拟合法效果最佳;③自模型化电离层改正可以有效消除平滑伪距电离层影响,随着时段窗口的增加,精度没有降低;④利用本文提出的算法进行逐历元单频平滑伪距单点定位,在静态与动态的NEU方向都达到了亚分米级别的定位精度,其中,动态定位测试中水平和高程方向精度为6.25和10.4 cm,比原始伪距分别提高了5.4倍和3.3倍。 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1999,41(2-3):157-168
Many papers or conference presentations, particularly over the last ten years, have referred to multi-parametric geophysical surveys and integrated interpretations in archaeological prospection. Several experiments of this kind have been undertaken by our laboratory, with mostly fascinating results, but our experience leads us to be rather suspicious of the over-systematic choice of extreme solutions and we would recommend an appropriate and balanced choice, within the limits of the budget available for an operation, between the two following procedures: 1) Routine survey with an extremely large variety of instruments: this allows a better understanding of the underground situation than survey with a single instrument but reduces the area that can be surveyed. A limited number of specific circumstances should lead one to adopt this option. They include: previous knowledge or equally previous ignorance of the targets under investigation, preliminary selection of the most efficient method on a scientific and economic basis, comparative experiments for the validation of new tools, specific detection of targets of different nature into the ground as well as uncertainty about the efficiency of each available method for the actual nature of the investigated site. 2) Survey of a much larger area with only one method, chosen because it is particularly fast and efficient: there is an obvious value in extensive exploration in order to evaluate the size, distribution and limits of a large number of archaeological features. The strict selection of appropriate methods, chosen to meet the aims of a project should consider not only geophysics but all kinds of conventional or non-conventional archaeological methods as well, brought together to permit an integrated interpretation. This highly specialized job does not fall within the normal experience of exploration geophysicists who usually deal with geological features or most field archaeologists who are mainly involved in excavations. It must be undertaken by particularly trained operators, whether they belong to private companies (under appropriate official control) or to public organizations. 相似文献
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长航时长距离机载GNSS动态定位中参考卫星与参考测站的自适应更换方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
相对定位技术是目前GNSS定位中精度最高、可靠性最好的一种定位模式。但在长航时、长距离的机载GNSS动态相对定位中,经常需要更换参考卫星和参考测站。如何合理有效的更换参考卫星和参考测站,是保证长航时长距离机载GNSS相对定位稳定性、连续性和可靠性的一项关键技术。对此本文提出了一种"自适应换星换站"法来解决这一问题。对于"换星"采用一个通用转换矩阵来实现换星前后双差模糊度的等价变换;对于"换站"利用等价消参法将换站前后的数据进行严格的自适应融合,以保持整个解算过程的连续性和稳定性。通过实测机载GNSS数据的解算,检验了该方法的可行性和有效性,其定位结果精度优于2cm。 相似文献
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受限于区域监测站及地球静止轨道(geosynchronous earth orbit,GEO)卫星的静地特性,北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou satellite navigation system,BDS)定轨精度较差,加入低轨卫星(low earth orbit,LEO)星载数据可显著提升定轨精度.使用一种由24颗L... 相似文献
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通过载噪比(CNR)、数据完整率、伪距与载波相位观测值噪声和伪距多路径效应四个指标对北斗三号卫星导航系统(BDS-3)新频点B1C/B2a车载动态数据的特性进行了分析,测试了BDS-3新频点动态精密单点定位(PPP)的性能,并与其它全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)进行了对比. 试验结果表明,BDS-3新频点B2a平均CNR优于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)其它频率,但略差于GPS L5;相较于其它GNSS,BDS数据完整率相对较高,其中BDS-3 B2a新频点数据完整率最高;BDS-3 B2b伪距观测值噪声最小,B1C和B2a伪距观测值噪声约为B2b信号的3倍,但不同频率相位观测值噪声处于同一量级;对于伪距多路径而言,BDS-3 B1C/B2a 信号略小于B2b 信号. 总体而言,GPS L5信号抑制多路径效应的能力最强. 在动态PPP性能方面,BDS-3 B1C/B2a双频组合动态PPP定位精度最优,其三维(3D)均方根(RMS)误差为0.439 m,相比BDS B1I/B3I、GPS L1/L2、GLONASS G1/G2和Galileo E1/E5a双频组合PPP,其精度改善率分别为49%、56%、81%和42%. 相似文献
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Some biochemical compounds are closely related with the quality of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)). In this study, the concentration of these compounds including total tea polyphenols, free amino acids and soluble sugars were estimated using reflectance spectroscopy at three different levels: powder, leaf and canopy, with partial least squares regression. The focus of this study is to systematically compare the accuracy of tea quality estimations based on spectroscopy at three different levels. At the powder level, the average r2 between predictions and observations was 0.89 for polyphenols, 0.81 for amino acids and 0.78 for sugars, with relative root mean square errors (RMSE/mean) of 5.47%, 5.50% and 2.75%, respectively; at the leaf level, the average r2 decreased to 0.46–0.81 and the relative RMSE increased to 4.46–7.09%. Compared to the results yielded at the leaf level, the results from canopy spectra were slightly more accurate, yielding average r2 values of 0.83, 0.77 and 0.56 and relative RMSE of 6.79%, 5.73% and 4.03% for polyphenols, amino acids and sugars, respectively. We further identified wavelength channels that influenced the prediction model. For powder and leaves, some bands identified can be linked to the absorption features of chemicals of interest (1648 nm for phenolic, 1510 nm for amino acids, 2080 nm and 2270 nm for sugars), while more indirectly related wavelengths were found to be important at the canopy level for predictions of chemical compounds. Overall, the prediction accuracies achieved at canopy level in this study are encouraging for future study on tea quality estimated at the landscape scale using airborne and space-borne sensors. 相似文献
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分别利用EGM2008模型和地面实测重力资料反演川滇地区构造应力场,并总结分析川滇地区构造应力场特征。结果表明,EGM2008模型和地面实测重力资料的反演结果较为一致|川滇地区构造应力场复杂,龙门山断裂带和嘉黎断裂带地区构造应力分布明显、聚集程度高,构造应力均值也较大,反映了该地区构造运动活跃,与地震历史资料相对应。 相似文献
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基于星间测距的自主定轨必然存在星座的整体旋转和漂移,即存在星座空间基准的衰减问题,因此,卫星星座的空间基准维持是自主定轨的主要目标,也是自主定轨的核心问题之一。重点讨论卫星自主定轨中的空间基准维持方法,系统分析星地观测、星间/星地组合观测和星间观测3种观测模式下的卫星轨道参数估计方法,及其对应的空间基准维持方式;提出卫星自主定轨强基准和弱基准概念。强基准是指在星地观测或星间/星地组合观测条件下,强化地面高精度基准站坐标的定轨方式,此时卫星星座基准与地面跟踪站基准一致;弱基准是指在仅有星间链路观测条件下,采用卫星轨道信息先验弱约束的定轨方式,即弱基准是以先验轨道所对应的卫星星座的几何重心建立的。强基准充分利用了星间、星地观测网中的各类信息,计算结果可靠且精度稳定,而弱基准虽然缺少地面观测信息,但先验卫星轨道同样是基于地面跟踪网精密定轨得到的,对卫星空间基准的维持同样可靠,且定轨计算更为简单。采用北斗试验星实测数据,分别开展无基准、弱基准和强基准支持下的自主定轨试验,试验结果表明,弱基准中仅对卫星轨道倾角和升交点赤经进行先验弱约束即可抵偿卫星星座的旋转和漂移,但定轨精度略低于强基准支持下的定轨精度。在无地面跟踪系统支持的特定环境下,建议采用弱基准方法,实现真正意义上的自主定轨。 相似文献
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入湖冰川受冰湖作用影响,物质损失速率高于其他类型冰川,并导致冰湖进一步扩张,冰湖溃决风险增加。建立入湖冰川物质变化序列,对揭示不同类型冰川对气候变化的响应特征,以及评估冰湖溃决风险研究具有重要意义。基于中国地面气象要素驱动数据集和实测气象数据,采用冰川表面能量-物质平衡模型估算了冰川表面物质变化,并结合冰川流动和末端退缩特征,重建了1989-2018年龙巴萨巴冰川物质变化序列。结果表明,近30a龙巴萨巴冰川总物质损失为0.315km^(3)w.e.,平均物质变化速率为-0.114km^(3)w.e.·a^(-1)。冰川平均表面物质平衡为-0.26m w.e.·a^(-1),表面消融是冰川物质亏损的主要贡献因素。气温变化对冰川表面物质损失的影响高于降水;冰川表面物质平衡对夏季气温和降水变化的敏感性强于其他季节;表碛覆盖加速了冰川表面消融,且较薄的表碛厚度会加剧冰川表面物质损失。 相似文献