Responses of photosynthesis and water relations to rainfall in the desert shrub creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) as influenced by municipal biosolids     

Shunguo Yan  Changgui Wan  Ronald E. Sosebee  David B. Wester  Ernest B. Fish  Richard E. Zartman 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,46(4):397

Responses of photosynthesis (P_n), stomatal conductance (g_s), pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψ_lp) and leaf water content (ω_l) of creosote bush to 10 rainfall events in the Chihuahuan Desert were investigated. Infiltration of rainwater was manipulated by applying municipal biosolids. The responses of P_nand water relation parameters to rainfall (>10 mm) were mainly dependent upon drought severity: (1) following a moderate drought, P_n, g_s, Ψ_lpand ω_lrecovered to corresponding values of irrigated plants within 2 days after a 23-mm rainfall; (2) Ψ_lpand g_sresponded to a 15-mm rainfall within 2 days, following a 25-day drought, whereas responses of P_nand ω_lwere delayed for several days; (3) responses of P_n, g_s, Ψ_lpand ω_lto a 14·7-mm rainfall were all delayed for several weeks following a 110-day drought, but the delay was longer in P_n, g_sand ω_lthan in Ψ_lp. Creosote bush responded to small rainfall events (approximately 6 to 8 mm) with an increase in Ψ_lp, but without noticeable changes in g_sand P_n, suggesting a strong stomatal control of water loss even though xylem embolism was reduced. Biosolids applied at high rates (3·4 and 9 kgm⁻²) decreased the soil water by 2 to 4 mm following rainfall events, and this in turn delayed and decreased the responses of P_nand water relation parameters to rainfall.P_nand g_swere linearly related to ω_land exponentially related to Ψ_lp. With the generally coincidental responses of P_nor g_sand ω_lto rainfall, we concluded that the responses of P_nand g_sto rainfall were dependent on leaf rehydration which resulted from restored hydraulic conductance following drought.  相似文献   

青海湖西岸风成沙丘特征及成因   总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9  

宋春晖  方小敏  师永民  王新民 《中国沙漠》2000,20(4):443-446

沙漠化是青海湖周围生态环境恶化中一个非常突出的问题,尤其湖西岸沙丘是近十多年来才形成的风沙堆积,并逐年扩大,已成为青海湖区第二大风沙堆积区。通过对青海湖西岸沙丘的分布、形态、物源及粒度特征的分析,对其形成进行了研究,并对布哈河三角洲的形成发育与沙漠化之间的关系进行了初步探讨。认为河流的自然摆动和截直造成了该三角洲东北缘的停止发育,加之气候的持续干旱和严重的鼠害,是导致研究区土地沙化、沙漠面积不断扩大的一个主要因素。  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH OVER CHINA IN 1980s   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗云峰  李维亮  周秀骥  何晴  倾继祖 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2000,(4)

This paper retrieves the yearly and monthly mean 0.75μm aerosol optical depth(AOD)of 41A-class solar radiation stations over China from 1979 to 1990,and analyzes the spatial andtemporal distribution of AOD over China mainland.The data employed are daily direct solarradiation and sunshine duration,as well as the TOMS version-7 ozone observation data in the sametime.The results indicate that the Siehuan Basin is the largest center of yearly mean AOD overChina.and the other two larger centers lie in Wuhan City and the South Xinjiang Basin,separately.AOD values are also relatively larger in the middle-and-lower reaches area ofChangjiang River.Shandong Peninsula and coastal area of Guangdong Province:while in YunnanProvince,coastal area of Fujian Province.most parts of Northwest and Northeast China,AODvalues are relatively smaller.The distribution of AOD varies with different months.In most partsof China.the maximum of AOD occurs in spring season;but the minimum varies in differentregions,From 1979 to 1990.in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,West Siehuan Basin,North GuizhouProvince.most areas of the middle-and-lower reaches of Changjiang River,Shandong Peninsulaand west part of South Xinjiang Basin.AOD shows an increasing trend.But in Northeast China,most part of Northwest China,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,western Guangxi Region and the coastalareas of East China,AOD shows decreasing tendency.Generally,the seasonal variationcharacteristics of AOD in China can be classified into four typical models,i.e.,mono-modal typesA and B,bimodal and Poly-modal.  相似文献   

地球化学块体资源预测在甘肃金矿的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张宏强  王忠 《甘肃地质》2006,15(2):48-54

以甘肃省1∶200 000区域化探金元素原始数据分析研究为基础,运用地球化学块体理论和方法,开展巨型金矿资源预测。探讨了主要金地球化学块体的分布特征,通过内部结构剖析,利用成矿率类比,进行资源预测,圈定成矿远景区,确定巨型金矿床找矿靶区。  相似文献   

自动气象站雨量传感器现场校准方法   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

党选发  徐志龙  刘永强  牛玉质  黄蕊  谢万军 《气象科技》2008,36(3):383-384

随着我国自动气象站的大面积布点建设,对自动气象站的雨量传感器进行现场校准是必需的,只依靠现有的雨量校准设备进行现场校准远远达不到要求,下面针对雨量传感器现场校准中存在的问题进行分析、研究.  相似文献   

基于相对湿润度指数的西北地区春季第一场透雨研究     

朱飙  张强  李春华  卢国阳 《干旱区地理》2021,44(1):55-62

目前西北四省区春季第一场透雨标准的确定主要来自业务人员长期的工作经验积累,针对此,利用陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏249个气象站1960—2016年的日资料,通过分析西北地区相对湿润度指数,结合潜在蒸散特征,确定了春季第一场透雨阈值.与已有研究相比,本方法充分考虑了研究区各地相对湿润度指数的气候特征与各地的能量及水热平衡,理...  相似文献   

祁连山区低云量的气候变化与异常研究   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12  

陈少勇  董安祥 《高原气象》2006,25(3):545-548

利用祁连山区周围34个测站1961—2000年历年1~12月低云量和降水量资料,采用EOF、REOF等方法,分析了40年来祁连山附近低云量的空间异常特征和时间变化规律。结果表明:EOF的前3个主成分可以较好地反映季低云量整体异常结构,即主体一致型、东西变化的“ - ”型、南北变化相反型。REOF的前3个载荷向量场可以较好地代表低云量的3个主要异常敏感区:柴达木盆地区、祁连山区、河西走廊区。柴达木盆地:各个季节低云量皆呈上升趋势,特别是1985年以后云量显著增加。河西走廊区:春、夏季低云量的变化趋势不显著,但20世纪90年代夏季低云量处于减少时期。祁连山区:春、秋季趋势不显著,但秋季从1991年后显著上升,夏季有显著的下降趋势。  相似文献   

甘肃中部一次强对流天气的多普勒雷达特征分析   总被引：31，自引：24，他引：7  

付双喜  王致君  张杰  陈乾 《高原气象》2006,25(5):932-941

利用兰州CINRAD/CC多普勒天气雷达观测资料及探空资料、自动站及测站150 km范围内的数字高程模型(DEM)资料等,对2004年8月18日发生在甘肃中部的中小尺度冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明:这次强对流天气过程主要在高空冷干低层暖湿及地形影响下触发的,属典型的不同平流型降雹过程[1];在多普勒雷达反射率因子图上出现典型的“人”字型、“弓”型回波;在平均径向速度图上出现逆风区、中气旋;在冰雹形成区有低层辐合、高层辐散等特征;在不同仰角的PPI上气流表现出强烈的旋转和上升;强回波区与辐合区、逆风区、中气旋、VIL在位置上有很好的对应关系,同时VIL产品对冰雹落区预报有很好的指示作用。  相似文献   

Projection of glacier runoff in Yarkant River basin and Beida River basin,Western China     

Shiqiang Zhang  Xin Gao  Xiaowen Zhang  Stefan Hagemann 《水文研究》2012,26(18):2773-2781

Potential changes in glacier area, mass balance and runoff in the Yarkant River Basin (YRB) and Beida River Basin (BRB) are projected for the period from 2011 to 2050 employing the modified monthly degree‐day model forced by climate change projection. Future monthly air temperature and precipitation were derived from the simple average of 17, 16 and 17 General Circulation Model (GCM) projections following the A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. These data were downscaled to each station employing the Delta method, which computes differences between current and future GCM simulations and adds these changes to observed time series. Model parameters calibrated with observations or results published in the literature between 1961 and 2006 were kept unchanged. Annual glacier runoff in YRB is projected to increase until 2050, and the total runoff over glacier area in 1970 is projected to increase by about 13%–35% during 2011–2050 relative to the average during 1961–2006. Annual glacier runoff and the total runoff over glacier area in 1970 in BRB is projected to increase initially and then to reach a tipping point during 2011–2030. There are prominent increases in summer, but only small increase in May and October of glacier runoff in YRB, and significant increases during late spring and early summer and significant decreases in July and late summer of glacier runoff in BRB. This study highlights the great differences among basins in their response to future climate warming. The specific runoff from areas exposed after glacier retreat relative to 1970 is projected to general increasing, which must be considered when evaluating the potential change of glacier runoff. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

河西走廊风能变化及储量   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王毅荣  林纾  李青春  龚建福 《气象科技》2007,35(4):558-562

利用河西走廊地区1970~2004年风速气候资料和2004年9月至2005年8月风塔精细资料,研究了河西走廊风能资源特征。结果表明:河西走廊地区环境风速比较稳定,在气候上没有明显的减小趋势;绿洲内风速下降明显。风能分布存在区域差别,存在2个风能大值区域。全区风能普遍较高,10 m层内风能密度都在100 W/m2以上,大部分地方在150 W/m2以上,大值地带在200 W/m2以上;在10~70 m高度层风能随高度按线性关系增长,平均每升高10 m风能增加28 W/m2;70 m层普遍在300 W/m2以上。河西走廊风能存在日和年变化,2~6月是风能密集阶段;距地面10 m高度处风能在07:00前后处于低值,从08:00以后不断增大,到18:00前后达到日最大,然后逐渐减小。河西走廊年有效风速时数普遍在6000 h以上,大值区接近7500 h。  相似文献