Late Holocene environmental conditions in Coronation Gulf,southwestern Canadian Arctic Archipelago: evidence from dinoflagellate cysts,other non‐pollen palynomorphs,and pollen     

Anna J. Pieńkowski  Peta J. Mudie  John H. England  John N. Smith  Mark F. A. Furze 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(8):839-853

Boxcore 99LSSL‐001 (68.095° N, 114.186° W; 211 m water depth) from Coronation Gulf represents the first decadal‐scale marine palynology and late Holocene sediment record for the southwestern part of the Northwest Passage. The record was studied for organic‐walled microfossils (dinoflagellate cysts, non‐pollen palynomorphs), pollen, terrestrial spores, and sediment characteristics. ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, and three accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C dates constrain the chronology. Three prominent palaeoenvironmental zones were identified. During the interval AD 1470–1680 (Zone I), the climate was warmer and wetter than at present, and environmental conditions were more favourable to biological activity and northward boreal forest migration, with reduced sea‐ice and a longer open‐water (growing) season. The interval AD 1680–1940 (Zone II) records sea‐ice increase, and generally cool, polar conditions during the Little Ice Age. During AD 1940–2000 (Zone III), organic microfossils indicate an extended open‐water season and decreased sea‐ice, with suggested amelioration surpassing that of Zone I. Although more marine studies are needed to place this record into an appropriate context, the succession from ameliorated (Zone I) to cooler, sea‐ice influenced conditions (Zone II) and finally to 20th‐century warming (Zone III) corresponds well with several terrestrial climatic records from the neighbouring mainland and Victoria Island, and with lower‐resolution marine records to the west. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Paleontological records indicate the occurrence of open woodlands in a dry inland climate at the present-day Arctic coast in western Beringia during the Last Interglacial     

Frank Kienast  Sebastian Wetterich  Svetlana Kuzmina  Lutz Schirrmeister  Andrei A. Andreev  Pavel Tarasov  Larisa Nazarova  Annette Kossler  Larisa Frolova  Viktor V. Kunitsky 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(17-18):2134-2159

Permafrost records, accessible at outcrops along the coast of Oyogos Yar at the Dmitry Laptev Strait, NE-Siberia, provide unique insights into the environmental history of Western Beringia during the Last Interglacial. The remains of terrestrial and freshwater organisms, including plants, coleopterans, chironomids, cladocerans, ostracods and molluscs, have been preserved in the frozen deposits of a shallow paleo-lake and indicate a boreal climate at the present-day arctic mainland coast during the Last Interglacial. Terrestrial beetle and plant remains suggest the former existence of open forest-tundra with larch (Larix dahurica), tree alder (Alnus incana), birch and alder shrubs (Duschekia fruticosa, Betula fruticosa, Betula divaricata, Betula nana), interspersed with patches of steppe and meadows. Consequently, the tree line was shifted to at least 270 km north of its current position. Aquatic organisms, such as chironomids, cladocerans, ostracods, molluscs and hydrophytes, indicate the formation of a shallow lake as the result of thermokarst processes. Steppe plants and beetles suggest low net precipitation. Littoral pioneer plants and chironomids indicate intense lake level fluctuations due to high evaporation. Many of the organisms are thermophilous, indicating a mean air temperature of the warmest month that was greater than 13 °C, which is above the minimum requirements for tree growth. These temperatures are in contrast to the modern values of less than 4 °C in the study area. The terrestrial and freshwater organism remains were found at a coastal exposure that was only 3.5 m above sea level and in a position where they should have been under sea during the Last Interglacial when the global sea level was 6–10 m higher than the current levels. The results suggest that during the last warm stage, the site was inland, and its modern coastal situation is the result of tectonic subsidence.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面近地层湍流强度和陆面过程特征     

郑新倩  杨帆  李超凡  潘红林  吉春容  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  霍文  杨兴华  周成龙 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):103-112

利用巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面2013年7、10月和2014年1、4月的湍流通量资料，计算并分析了研究区近地层湍流强度，同时针对风速分量、温度、水汽和CO₂归一化标准差随稳定度的变化关系和总体输送系数等陆面过程特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）风速各分量的湍流强度均随风速的增加逐渐减小，风速处于2 m·s^-1以下时湍流发展最为旺盛。湍流强度主要由水平方向风速分量决定，垂直方向风速的作用较小，且近中性和不稳定层结利于湍流的发展。与其他地区相比，平坦且没有建筑物的沙漠地区，机械湍流较弱，湍流强度相应较小。（2）风速各分量的归一化标准差与稳定度（z/L）均满足1/3次方函数规律，其中垂直方向风速分量的拟合曲线方程较好。（3）动量输送系数C_d具有明显的夏季高、冬季低的变化状态且各月的日变化形态均呈夜间低、日间高的循环形态。热量输送系数C_h的不同月份日变化间并没有明显的排列次序，且日出日落前后具有明显的波动。不稳定层结时，C_d和C_h均随风速的增加逐渐减小；稳定层结时，C_d和C_h均随着风速的增加逐渐上升。  相似文献   

O₂-O₂云反演算法及其在TROPOMI上的应用     

张文强  刘诚  郝楠  Gimeno Garcia Sebastian  邢成志  张成歆  苏文静  刘建国 《遥感学报》2020,24(11):1363-1378

利用遥感技术对大气环境污染进行监测时，云是影响痕量气体反演精度的重要因素，因此在痕量气体反演中需要对云的影响进行校正，通常使用的云参数主要是有效云量和云压。本文基于O₂-O₂ 477 nm吸收波段构建了O₂-O₂云反演算法：首先，根据有效云量和云高与连续反射率和O₂-O₂斜柱浓度之间的对应关系，结合假定的云模型利用VLIDORT辐射传输模型建立关于有效云量和云压的查找表；然后，通过差分吸收光谱技术拟合卫星载荷观测的大气层顶辐射，获得O₂-O₂斜柱浓度并计算连续反射率；最后，结合辅助数据，根据查找表进行插值反演获得有效云量和云压。通过将算法应用到OMI观测数据，将反演结果与OMCLDO2产品进行对比验证，有效云量和云压空间分布一致，相关系数R均超过0.97；并还将该算法应用于下一代大气成分监测仪器TROPOMI，与FRESCO+产品对比，有效云量和云压空间分布基本一致，当地表类型为海洋时，有效云量相关系数R大于0.97，云压相关系数R大于0.94，云压反演结果存在一定的区别；通过将O₂-O₂云反演算法和FRESCO+云压反演结果与CALIOP Cloud Layer产品进行对比，结果表明，在低云情况下，O₂-O₂云反演算法线性回归方程斜率为0.782，截距为198.0 hPa，相关系数R为0.850，算法表现优于FRESCO+。而在高云情况下，FRESCO+反演结果更接近CALIOP云压结果。在OMI和TROPOMI上的应用表明O₂-O₂云反演算法在大气云反演中具有较高的准确性和可行性，可以为大气痕量气体反演的校正提供云参数，并为中国同类型卫星载荷的云反演算法提供算法参考。  相似文献   

Impact of watershed topography on hyporheic exchange     

《Advances in water resources》2016

Among the interactions between surface water bodies and aquifers, hyporheic exchange has been recognized as a key process for nutrient cycling and contaminant transport. Even though hyporheic exchange is strongly controlled by groundwater discharge, our understanding of the impact of the regional groundwater flow on hyporheic fluxes is still limited because of the complexity arising from the multi-scale nature of these interactions. In this work, we investigate the role of watershed topography on river-aquifer interactions by way of a semi-analytical model, in which the landscape topography is used to approximate the groundwater head distribution. The analysis of a case study shows how the complex topographic structure is the direct cause of a substantial spatial variability of the aquifer-river exchange. Groundwater upwelling along the river corridor is estimated and its influence on the hyporheic zone is discussed. In particular, the fragmentation of the hyporeic corridor induced by groundwater discharge at the basin scale is highlighted.  相似文献   

The legacy of our CO2 emissions: a clash of scientific facts,politics and ethics     

Reto Knutti  Joeri Rogelj 《Climatic change》2015,133(3):361-373

  相似文献   

Modeling of solar radiation management: a comparison of simulations using reduced solar constant and stratospheric sulphate aerosols     

Sirisha Kalidindi  Govindasamy Bala  Angshuman Modak  Ken Caldeira 《Climate Dynamics》2015,44(9-10):2909-2925

  相似文献   

Erratum to: Contrasting interannual and multidecadal NAO variability     

T. Woollings  C. Franzke  D. L. R. Hodson  B. Dong  E. A. Barnes  C. C. Raible  J. G. Pinto 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(1-2):557-557

  相似文献   

The decadal variability of the tropical Indian Ocean SST–the South Asian High relation: CMIP5 model study     

X. Qu  G. Huang 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(1-2):273-289

  相似文献   

2010-2018年北极夏季中国北极科学考察航行期间被动微波遥感海冰密集度与船基目视观测资料的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

修苑人  李志军  雷瑞波  王庆凯  卢鹏  Lepp&#;ranta Matti 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(9):38-49

为了更有效地将卫星数据应用于北极航行导航，被动微波（PM）产品的海冰密集度（SIC）与从中国北极科学考察中收集到的船基目视观测（OBS）资料进行了比较。在2010、2012、2014、2016和2018年的北极夏季总共收集了3667组目测数据。PM SIC取自基于SSMIS传感器的NASA-Team（NT）、Bootstrap（BT）以及Climate Data Record（CDR）算法和基于AMSR-E/AMSR-2传感器的BT、enhanced NT（NT2）以及ARTIST Sea Ice（ASI）算法。使用PM SIC的日算术平均值和OBS SIC的日加权平均值进行比较。比较了PM SIC和OBS SIC之间的相关系数，偏差和均方根偏差，包括总体趋势以及在轻度/普通/严重冰况下的情况。使用OBS数据，浮冰尺寸和冰厚对不同PM产品SIC反演的影响可以通过计算浮冰尺寸编码和冰厚的日加权平均值来评估。我们的结果显示相关系数的范围为0.89（AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2）到0.95（SSMIS NT），偏差的范围为-3.96%（SSMIS NT）到12.05%（AMSR-E/AMSR-2），均方根偏差的范围为10.81%（SSMIS NT）到20.15%（AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2）。浮冰尺寸对PM产品的SIC反演有显著的影响，大多数PM产品倾向于在小浮冰尺寸情况下低估SIC，而在大浮冰尺寸情况下高估SIC。超过30 cm的冰厚对于PM产品的SIC反演没有明显影响。总体来看，在北极夏季，SSMIS NT SIC与OBS SIC之间有着最好的一致性，而AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2 SIC与OBS SIC的一致性最差。  相似文献