国外公路交通气象研究进展     

田华  张楠  张楷翊  杨静  张慧辰 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):79-86

开展公路交通气象监测预报预警服务工作是实现公路交通安全和畅通的有效保障。文中重点回顾了国外在道路天气信息系统(Road weather information system,RWIS)选址布设、路面温度与状况预报以及交通气象影响和评估技术领域的研究工作进展,比较了以上研究工作的优缺点的同时,展望了未来发展趋势。通过研究得出:国外公路交通气象研究考虑信息丰富,方法多样。RWIS选址和优化技术由经验性和定性研究逐步向定量化的方向发展。路面温度与状况预报技术侧重于基于地表能量辐射平衡理论的数值模式预报方法改进和概率预报技术研究。交通气象影响评估技术趋向于风险预报技术和应用研究。对开展国内公路交通气象技术研究工作具有参考价值。  相似文献   

2007—2015年北京地区能见度时空变化特征     

姜江  郭文利  王春玲 《气象与环境学报》2019,(1):45-52

利用2007—2015年北京市大兴观象台、28个道面自动气象站、部分区域自动气象站等多种台站观测资料分析了2007—2015年北京地区能见度的时空变化特征。结果表明:2007—2015年北京地区春季平均能见度最高、夏季平均能见度最低,夏季及年平均能见度呈显著增加的趋势,春季和秋季能见度均呈波动增加,冬季颗粒物浓度的显著增加致使北京地区冬季能见度下降的时段集中在2011—2014年;空间上,北京西北地区能见度明显高于中心城区和东南大部地区。秋季和冬季能见度的空间分布特征与年平均能见度的分布特征较一致,表现为能见度自西北向东南方向逐渐递减;与能见度相关性最高的为相对湿度、颗粒物浓度、风向及风速,但不同要素在月、季和年尺度上的相关性差别较大;根据天气现象统计表明,近10 a来北京地区雾、霾、沙尘日均呈增加的趋势,但是山区与城区气象站点低能见度事件的发生频次存在较大的差异。整体来看,小于10 km能见度事件的发生频次在全区以增加为主,而小于1 km能见度事件的发生频次在全区以减少为主。此外,近10 a来北京地区干霾的发生频率为44. 29%,湿霾的发生频率为7. 13%,低能见度事件多由干霾造成,但湿霾发生时,能见度恶化的更明显。  相似文献   

Snow/Rainfall Anomaly in Winter of Northern China and Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Aerosol Distribution Features          下载免费PDF全文

LI Duo  WANG Jizhi  LI Zechun  LIU Hua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(6):783-796

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,China station precipitation data from 1960 to 2008,and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data in northern China from 1980 to 2004,this paper investigates the variability of winter snow/rainfall in northern China and the associated atmospheric circulation and aerosol distribution characteristics by using composite analysis.The results show that winter precipitation in northern China has been generally increasing since the 1960s.Among the winters of 1990-2008,the years with more rain/snow (MRSYs) are 1998,2003,and 2006,while the years with less rain/snow (LRSYs) are 2005,1997,and 2001.Composite analysis finds that the main differences of atmospheric circulation in East Asia between MRSYs and LRSYs are as follows.1) In MRSYs,strong low-level cold air over the northern polar region and Taymyr Peninsula migrates southward to northern China (Northwest,North,and Northeast China),establishing a channel favoring continuous southward transport of cold air.In LRSYs,however,this cold air channel does not exist.2) In MRSYs,the frontal zone and westerlies are over North China,and the low-level geopotential height field from eastern China to West Pacific exhibits an "east high,west low" pattern,which is conducive to easterly and southerly airflows moving northward along 110 E.In LRSYs,the 500-hPa prevailing westerly winds stay far away from China and the low-level southeasterlies move to higher latitudes,which are disadvantageous to the development of precipitation in northern China.3) In MRSYs,large-scale upward motions combined with local-scale updrafts develop into strong slanted climbing airflows,forming a vertical circulation that favors the generation of heavy snows in eastern China.In LRSYs,the vertical circulation moves eastward into the Pacific Ocean.Furthermore,the correlation analysis on AOD and winter precipitation during the period 1980-2004 in northern China reveals that AOD differs significantly between MRSYs and LRSYs and the annual variation of winter rain/snow is positively correlated to the annual variation of AOD with a correlation coefficient of 0.415 at the 0.001 significance level.  相似文献   

Changes of Accumulated Temperature, Growing Season and Precipitation in the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Yanling  ZHAO Yanxi  WANG Chunyi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(4):534-543

Using the high-quality observed meteorological data, changes of the thermal conditions and precipitation over the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009 were examined. Trends of accumulated temperature and negative temperature, growing season duration, as well as seasonal and annual rainfalls at 48 stations were analyzed. The results show that the accumulated temperature increased significantly by 348.5℃ day due to global warming during 1961-2009 while the absolute accumulated negative temperature decreased apparently by 175.3℃ day. The start of growing season displayed a significant negative trend of -14.3 days during 1961- 2009, but the end of growing season delayed insignificantly by 6.7 days. As a result, the length of growing season increased by 21.0 days. The annual and autumn rainfalls decreased slightly while summer rainfall and summer rainy days decreased significantly. In contrast, spring rainfall increased slightly without significant trends. All the results indicate that the thermal conditions were improved to benefit the crop growth over the North China Plain during 1961-2009, and the decreasing annual and summer rainfalls had no direct negative impact on the crop growth. But the decreasing summer rainfall was likely to influence the water resources in North China, especially the underground water, reservoir water, as well as river runoff, which would have influenced the irrigation of agriculture.  相似文献   

北太平洋副热带西部模态水异常与东亚中高纬度大气环流关系的一些新认识     

常蕊  张庆云  李荣凤 《气象学报》2011,69(4):655-663

根据1958-2001年SODA(Si mple Ocean Data Assi milation)海洋同化资料和NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,利用等密度面P-矢量计算法,分析探讨了北太平洋副热带西部模态水(简称STMW)季节演变和年际变化与前期东亚-北太平洋中高纬度大气环流异常的关系。分析指出:(1)STMW的体积具有显著的季节变化特征:4月体积最大、强度最强,夏秋逐渐减弱,12月体积最小、强度最弱。研究进一步指出,STMW体积的季节变化与西北太平洋中纬度地区的海表风应力及净热通量的季节演变过程紧密联系在一起,它在一定程度上反映了西北太平洋中纬度大气环流季节性演变的特征。(2)年际尺度上,5-7月STMW指数具有显著的3年左右的振荡周期,其年际变化不仅与海洋自身动力过程有关,还与前冬亚洲-太平洋中高纬度大气环流异常引起STMW形成区风应力动力混合及海表净热通量等因子异常有关:冬季东亚季风环流偏强(弱),STMW形成区洋面风应力的动力混合作用及海表热力蒸发加强(减弱),使得海洋对流混合加强(减弱),进而加强(抑制)了混合均匀的低位涡水体进入温跃层,随着季节演变,造成5-7月STMW强度加强(减弱)。5-7月S...  相似文献   

国庆60周年庆祝活动气象服务满意度评估   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

潘进军  段欲晓  马晓青  李如清  许国宇 《气象》2011,37(11):1409-1414

中华人民共和国成立60周年庆祝活动是一项重要的大型活动,做好该活动的气象服务保障具有重要意义。为了不断地提高气象服务水平,有必要通过开展气象服务满意度评估等工作,深入了解重大活动气象服务用户的需求和满意度情况,从用户角度对重大活动气象服务进行评价并提出改进措施。该研究采用国际通用的满意度调查评估方法,分析决策用户对气象部门服务的针对性、产品质量属性、服务方式、现场服务能力、预警服务、应急保障服务和总体气象服务效益等认知度。结果显示,决策服务用户满意度指数平均为97%,其中,对高影响天气预报服务的满意度指数为93%,与其期望度之间还存在一定的差距（6.7%）。研究分析表明,国庆60周年庆祝活动气象服务以较高水平满足了决策用户群的需求,同时,在高影响天气预报预警等方面还有待进一步提高服务水平,并给出有针对性的对策建议。通过开展该评估工作,有助于气象部门深入细致地了解气象服务效果及其差距,为今后做好重大活动气象服务积累经验。  相似文献   

青藏高原红原站平流层下部重力波观测特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张灵杰  林永辉 《气象科技》2011,39(6):768-771

利用位处青藏高原的红原探空站2008年5月垂直高分辨率的无线电探空资料分析了其上空下平流层(19～26 km)重力波的波动特性.结果表明:重力波的垂直波长主要集中在2～4 km之间,平均值约为2.9 km;水平波长主要集中在100～600 km之间,平均值约为311 km;固有频率主要集中在1.5f～3.5f(f为科氏...  相似文献   

Increased summer electric power demand in Beijing driven by preceding spring tropical North Atlantic warming          下载免费PDF全文

Liwei Huo  Ji Wang  Dachao Jin  Jingjia Luo  Haibo Shen  Xiaoxiao Zhang  Jingjing Min  Yi Xiao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):62-67

本文利用北京市电力负荷资料,北京市站点观测温度资料,CN05.1温度资料,ERA5大气再分析资料及ERSST v3b海表温度资料,发现3-4月副热带北大西洋海温异常和北京市夏季电力呈很好的正相关关系,并揭示了副热带北大西洋海温异常影响北京市夏季电力的可能物理机制.春季副热带北大西洋海温异常偏暖,热带中太平洋出现东风异常...  相似文献   

Multitemporal fusion of Landsat/TM and ENVISAT/MERIS for crop monitoring     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

Monitoring Earth dynamics using current and future satellites is one of the most important objectives of the remote sensing community. The exploitation of image time series from sensors with different characteristics provides new opportunities to increase the knowledge about environmental changes and to support many operational applications. This paper presents an image fusion approach based on multiresolution and multisensor regularized spatial unmixing. The approach yields a composite image with the spatial resolution of the high spatial resolution image while retaining the spectral and temporal characteristics of the medium spatial resolution image. The approach is tested using images from Landsat/TM and ENVISAT/MERIS instruments, but is general enough to be applied to other sensor pairs. The potential of the proposed spatial unmixing approach is illustrated in an agricultural monitoring application where Landsat temporal profiles from images acquired over Albacete, Spain, in 2004 and 2009 are complemented with MERIS fused images. The resulting spatial resolution from Landsat allows monitoring small and medium size crops at the required scale while the fine spectral and temporal resolution from MERIS allow a more accurate determination of the crop type and phenology as well as capturing rapidly varying land-cover changes.  相似文献   

北极臭氧年际变化特征及其与极涡的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张艳  王维和  张兴赢  LAWRENCE Flynn 《遥感学报》2013,17(3):527-540

利用风云三号卫星搭载的紫外臭氧总量探测仪(TOU)和国际同类卫星的臭氧总量数据对1979年—2011年北半球春季臭氧特征进行了分析,发现北极臭氧年际变化显著,它与平流层温度变化一致(相关系数为0.75)。北极臭氧损耗异常强弱年的月均和日变化特征有明显差异,春季北极臭氧损耗强年有明显的化学损耗过程(1997年和2011年),而弱年化学作用影响不明显(1999年和2010年)。损耗弱年的日变化型在不同年份特征不同,它的臭氧变化可能更多受天气过程的影响。综合分析北极涛动、极涡和平流层温度等大气环流背景场的变化,表明春季北极臭氧损耗强弱受大气环流变化影响。北极涛动指数正位相,极涡偏强偏冷,北极臭氧损耗异常偏高。北极涛动指数负位相,极涡偏弱偏暖,北极臭氧损耗异常偏低。  相似文献