积雪底部温度(BTS)方法在冻土分布调查和模型研究中的应用:研究进展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

常晓丽  金会军  孙海滨  何瑞霞  罗栋梁 《冰川冻土》2010,32(4)

多年冻土的调查方法很多,如坑探、物探、遥感等,但相对于积雪底部温度(BTS)测量方法来说,这些方法都比较费时、费力、费钱.目前,BTS已经被成功应用于阿尔卑斯山等地多年冻土的调查研究,不过在国内的应用却是个空白.引入BTS方法,希望能为我国多年冻土的研究开辟一条新路.  相似文献   

不同生境下祁连圆柏叶片色素和稳定碳同位素组成的变化   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

文陇英  陈拓  张满效  段争虎  彭仁清  简启亮  裴慧娟 《冰川冻土》2010,32(4)

测定了祁连山大火烧(相对干旱环境)和吐鲁沟(相对湿润环境)中祁连圆柏(Sabina przewal-skii)幼树和老树叶片5种色素含量以及稳定碳同位素组成和脯氨酸含量等指标.结果显示:在相对干旱的环境下,幼树和老树的叶黄素循环转换率(Z+A)/(V+A+Z)、类胡萝卜素含量、脯氨酸含量及稳定碳同位素值都较高,而PsⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及叶绿素含量都较低,且花青素和紫松果黄素含量也较低;在两种不同生境下,除Fv/Fm及叶绿素外,老树的其它指标都显著高于幼树.结果说明色素在干旱胁迫下起重要的光保护作用,其变化是祁连圆柏在长期与环境交互作用过程中形成的一种适应策略.  相似文献   

张掖市可持续发展系统动力学模拟分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

师满江  徐中民 《冰川冻土》2010,32(4)

基于可持续发展理论,依据系统动力学(System Dynamics,SD)原理方法,选取张掖市人口、经济、土地和水资源系统,利用SD软件Stella9.02构建张掖市SD模型.利用1990—2005年的历史数据验证模型的有效性,模拟2005—2020年间张掖市可能的社会发展模式.结果表明:在自然发展模式和经济快速发展模式下,到2020年张掖市总人口达到135.04×104人,人均GDP分别为2.57×104元和3.05×104元.两种模式中,地区产业结构严重失衡,用水总量都超过地区实际分水量;而协调发展模式下,到2020年总人口为130.11×104人,人均GDP为2.71×104元,用水总量为22.2×108 m3.相比于自然发展模式和经济快速发展模式,协调发展模式既可保证地区经济的快速发展,合理调整产业结构和用水结构,又能保护地区生态环境,是地区可持续发展的优先选择.  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of the tree-ring width record features essential for paleoclimatic reconstructions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Datsenko  N. M.  Ivashchenko  N. N.  Sonechkin  D. M.  Yang  B. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2010,434(2):1410-1413

Tree-ring width records provide a primary data source for millennial paleoclimatic reconstructions. However, a problem exists connected with taking into consideration the complex age-dependence within these records. Analyzing a set of very long-lived trees of Sabina przewalskii Kom. from the Dulan area of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we found for the first time that the annual basal-radius increment is larger for the outermost rings in comparison with the inner rings, especially for very long-living trees. Neglecting this circumstance when the so-called regional curve standardization is used can distort paleoclimatic reconstructions.  相似文献   

Spatial and seasonal variation of major ions in Himalayan snow and ice: A source consideration   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ya-ping Liu  Zhi-xing Geng  Shu-gui Hou   《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2010,37(2):195-205

The spatial and temporal variation of major ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, , , and Cl⁻) in Himalayan snow and ice is investigated by using two snow pits from the East Rongbuk glacier (28°01′N, 86°58′E, 6500 m a.s.l.), one snow pit from the Nangpai Gosum glacier (28°03′N, 86°39′E, 5700 m a.s.l.), one snow pit from the Gyabrag glacier (28°11′N, 86°38′E, 6303 m a.s.l.), and three ice cores from the Sentik (35°59′N, 75°58′E, 4908 m a.s.l.), Dasuopu (28°33′N, 85°44′E, 7000 m a.s.l.), and East Rongbuk (27°59′N, 86°55′E, 6450 m a.s.l.) glaciers, respectively. In general, the major ions show a significant seasonal variation, with high concentrations during the non-monsoon (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) season and relatively low concentrations during the monsoon season. Monsoon precipitation with high local/regional dust loading related to summer circulation is possibly responsible for the high concentrations occurring sporadically during the monsoon season. The crest of the Himalayas is an effective barrier to the spatial distribution of Na⁺, Cl⁻ and concentrations, but not to the major ions associated with dust influx (e.g. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺). Atmospheric backward trajectories from the HYSPLIT_4 model used in identifying chemical species sourcing suggest that the major ions in the Himalayan snow and ice come mainly from the Thar Desert located in the North India, as well as West Asia, or even the distant Sahara Desert in the North Africa during the winter and spring seasons. This is different from the conventionally assumed arid and semi-arid regions of the central Asia. Factors, such as different vapor sources due to atmospheric circulation patterns and geographical features (e.g. altitude, topography), may contribute to the differences in major ionic concentrations between the western and eastern Himalayas.  相似文献   

Microstructure characteristics and forming environment of late Quaternary Period loess in the Loess Plateau of China     

Jin Deng  Lanmin Wang  Zhenzhong Zhang  Hui Bing 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(8):1807-1817

Since the late Quaternary Period, the rapid rising of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has greatly changed the East Asian climate and formed different regional monsoon climates. Various microstructures of the loess in northern China have formed under a variety of climatic conditions. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis are used in this paper to study the relationship between the indexes of loess microstructures and the forming climates, and the indexes include the diameter of sand grains, Ca/Fe value and the characteristic shapes of the loess from SEM microstructures pictures. In terms of their respective climatic circumstances, the major microstructures of regional loess may be classified into nine categories according to their forms and particle sizes, such as loess formed in near-sand source, loess of granule sand dropping, and loess formed in hot and rainy places, i.e. with the loess SEM pictures, climates of about 15 ka b.p. in different places may be evaluated. In conclusion, the clear and distinguishable loess microstructures and their indexes in the Loess Plateau of China can also deduce the evolution of climate, such as warm or cold and wet or dry, and even sandstorm activities when the loess is deposited.  相似文献   

Precipitation type estimation and validation in China   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

Ren-sheng Chen  Jun-feng Liu  Yao-xuan Song 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):917-925

The results from three methods aimed at improving precipitation type(e.g., rain, sleet, and snow) estimation are presented and compared in this paper. The methods include the threshold air temperature(AT), threshold wet bulb temperature(WBT) and Koistinen and Saltikoff(KSS) methods.Dot graphs are plotted to acquire the threshold air temperature or the threshold wet bulb temperature using daily averaged air temperature, wet bulb temperature and precipitation data at 643 stations from 1961 to 1979(precipitation types are not labeled in the database from 1980 to present) in China. The results indicate that the threshold AT or WBT methods are not able to differentiate rain, sleet and snow in the most regions in China; sleet is difficult to differentiate from other precipitation types based on the two threshold methods. Therefore, one threshold AT and WBT method was used in this study to differentiate rain and snow. Based on GaussianKriging interpolation of threshold air temperature(T0and wet bulb temperature(Tw), the T0 and Tw contour lines and contour surfaces are calculated for China.Finally, a comparison between the KSS, AT and WBT methods are provided in which the KSS method is calculated based on air temperature and relative humidity. The results suggest that the KSS method is more appropriate for water phase estimation than are the other methods; the maximum precision for rain and snow is 99% and 94%, respectively. The AT method performs better than the WBT method when the critical air temperature is 2°C.  相似文献   

Re-assessment of the paleoclimate implications of the Shell Bar in the Qaidam Basin,China     

Steffen Mischke  Zhongping Lai  Chengjun Zhang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,51(2):179-195

The Shell Bar in the Qaidam Basin, China, is a prominent geological feature composed of millions of densely packed Corbicula shells. Since the mid 1980s, it has been regarded as evidence for existence of a large lake during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 in the presently hyper-arid Qaidam Basin. Early studies suggested the bivalve shells accumulated at the shore of a large lake, whereas more recent work led to the conclusion that the Shell Bar was formed within a deeper water body. Based on our re-assessment of sediments and fossils from the Shell Bar, investigation of exposed fluvio-lacustrine sections upstream of the Shell Bar and study of nearby modern streams, we infer that the Shell Bar represents a stream deposit. Corbicula is a typical stream-dweller around the world. Preservation of Corbicula shells of different sizes, as well as occurrence of many articulated shells, provide evidence against post-mortem transport and accumulation along a lake shore. Additionally, the SE-NW alignment of the Shell Bar is similar to modern intermittent stream beds in its vicinity and corresponds to the present-day slope towards the basin centre further NW, and furthermore, the predominantly sandy sediments also indicate that the Shell Bar was formed in a stream. Abundant ostracod shells in the Shell Bar sediments originated from stream-dwelling species that are abundant in modern streams in the vicinity of the Shell Bar, or in part from fluvio-lacustrine sediments exposed upstream of the Shell Bar, as a result of erosion and re-deposition. Deflation of alluvial fine-grained sediments in the Shell Bar region and protection of the stream deposits by the large and thick-walled Corbicula shells reversed the former channel relief and yielded the modern exposure, which is a prominent morphological feature. Occurrence of Corbicula shells in the Qaidam Basin indicates climate was apparently warmer than present during the formation of the Shell Bar because Corbicula does not live at similar or higher altitudes in the region today. Because the Shell Bar is no longer considered a deposit formed within a lake, its presence does not indicate paleoclimate conditions wetter than today.  相似文献   

不同生境下红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)的生理生化特征及适应性     

周紫鹃  苏培玺  解婷婷  张海娜  李善家 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):1007-1014

测定了荒漠地区超旱生小灌木红砂在3种生境(山前荒漠、山前戈壁和中游戈壁)下的叶片水分状态、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量,以探讨荒漠植物在不同生境下的生理生化特征及对荒漠极端环境的适应机制。结果表明:在3种生境下,红砂叶片相对含水量和叶片水势随着土壤含水量的下降而下降,叶绿素含量随着土壤含水量的下降而升高。随着生境土壤干旱的加剧,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐升高,而过氧化氢酶活性下降。在土壤含水量较少的戈壁生境,渗透调节物质含量上升。SOD和POD活性的升高是红砂抵御干旱环境的主要抗氧化保护机制;渗透调节在红砂叶片适应干旱胁迫的过程中发挥着重要作用,高的渗透调节能力使红砂在水分不足的条件下维持较低的渗透势,有利于植物吸水,从而增强其耐旱性。  相似文献   

荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵春彦  司建华  冯起  常宗强  鱼腾飞  李炜 《中国沙漠》2014,34(5):1254-1260

以2012年4—9月树干液流速率与环境因子的实测数据,分析了荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应。结果表明:不同月份胡杨树干液流速率对不同环境因子的时滞不同;4—9月,胡杨树干液流速率峰值时间比太阳辐射峰值时间晚约1h,比空气温度峰值时间早约1h,比水汽压差峰值时间早约2h,比空气相对湿度谷值时间早约2h;对影响胡杨树干液流速率的环境因子进行了主成分分析,发现胡杨树干液流速率与1h以前的第1主成分、第2主成分相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.864、0.875;对错位前后胡杨树干液流速率与环境因子进行多元线性回归分析发现,在胡杨树干液流的数值模拟中,考虑液流相对于环境因子的时滞效应可以提高模型的拟合精度。  相似文献