排序方式： 共有135条查询结果，搜索用时 93 毫秒
91.
L. Colangeli J.J. Lopez-Moreno P. Nørnberg V. Della Corte F. Esposito E. Mazzotta Epifani J. Merrison C. Molfese P. Palumbo J.F. Rodriguez-Gomez A. Rotundi G. Visconti J.C. Zarnecki 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(8-9):1043-1049
Dust and water vapour are fundamental components of the Martian atmosphere. In view of tracing the past environmental conditions on Mars, that possibly favoured the appearing of life forms, it is important to study the present climate and its evolution. Here dust and water vapour have (and have had) strong influence. Of major scientific interest is the quantity and physical, chemical and electrical properties of dust and the abundance of water vapour dispersed in the atmosphere and their exchange with the surface. Moreover, in view of the exploration of the planet with automated systems and in the future by manned missions, it is of primary importance to analyse the hazards linked to these environmental factors. The Martian Environmental Dust Systematic Analyser (MEDUSA) experiment, included in the scientific payload of the ESA ExoMars mission, accommodates a complement of sensors, based on optical detection and cumulative mass deposition, that aims to study dust and water vapour in the lower Martian atmosphere. The goals are to study, for the first time, in-situ and quantitatively, physical properties of the airborne dust, including the cumulative dust mass flux, the dust deposition rate, the physical and electrification properties, the size distribution of sampled particles and the atmospheric water vapour abundance versus time. 相似文献
92.
杭州地区气候环境要素对霾天气影响特征分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
利用1998—2010年杭州常规地面气象观测资料、高空探测资料和环境污染物观测资料,对主要天气形势、典型气象要素以及环境污染状况下霾天气特征及形成机制进行了综合分析研究。结果表明：杭州地区高压类型天气形势对霾的产生有重要影响,在气旋和东风带天气形势下较少出现霾天气。霾天气下的大气稳定度主要表现为中性类,出现频率高达54．3％。08时逆温条件下霾出现次数要高于20时;霾出现时平均逆温强度高于非霾时,而平均逆温层厚度、平均最大逆温强度和平均最大逆温层厚度均低于非霾时。污染物PMmSO2和NO2浓度在非霾日比霾日分别下降了33．3％、20．0％和18．2％,随着霾等级的增加,不同污染物浓度也随之增加,颗粒物是造成能见度下降的主要原因之一。此外,杭州待殊的地形环境对霾的发生有一定促进作用。这些结果对于了解杭州霾天气的出现规律以及预警预报工作的开展具有重要意义。 相似文献
93.
沪宁高速公路高温预警指标及预报模型的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用沪宁高速公路实时监测数据,筛选出30个典型高温天气过程,应用WRF模式对其进行了数值模拟。在对输出结果作统计分析后,提取了沪宁高速公路高温天气的几个数值预警指标,建立了梅村、河阳两站的高温预报模型。研究表明:(1)利用WRF模式对沪宁高速公路沿线的高温天气过程进行模拟是可行的;(2)提取的沪宁高速公路高温数值预警指标有:前一日14时的地表温度Ts≥40℃、地面潜热通量Fl≥350 W.m-2、近地面相对湿度Hr≤60%、当日08时的地面感热通量Fs为负值且绝对值≥70 W.m-2、地面水平风速Vs≤3 m.s-1,当各项指标同时满足时,可预报当日会出现35℃以上的高温;(3)采用多元线性回归方法分别建立了梅村和河阳站的高温天气预报模型,经检验所建模型预报准确率较高。 相似文献
94.
利用天津1918—2010年逐日降水资料,分析了天津7个降水指数的长期变化趋势。结果发现:天津年降水量和降水日数年际差异较大,没有显著的趋势性变化。从1980年开始天津降水量和日数开始变小(少),方差也变小,四季中秋季降水量呈显著的增加趋势,夏季呈减少趋势,冬、春季变化较小。各极端降水指数中,均表现为线性趋势不明显,年际变化较大,20世纪90年代以来降水强度偏小,但呈缓慢的增加趋势,大雨日数也处于偏少阶段,大雨贡献率偏小,并呈减小趋势。四季中秋季连续5 d最大降水量呈显著的增加趋势,减少了秋季干旱的发生,最长连续无降水日数多发生在冬春季,近年来有增加的趋势。 相似文献
95.
C. Martinecz M. Fränz N. Krupp E. Dubinin S. Barabash M. Holmström M. Yamauchi Y. Futaana H. Gunell J.D. Winningham J. Scherrer D.R. Linder E. Kallio W. Schmidt H.E.J. Koskinen J. Luhmann E.C. Roelof C.C. Curtis B.R. Sandel J.-A. Sauvaud J.-J. Thocaven S. McKenna-Lawler R. Cerulli-Irelli A. Mura P. Wurz P. Bochsler K. Szego T.L. Zhang 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(6):780-784
For the first time since 1992 when the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) ceased to operate, there is again a plasma instrument in orbit around Venus, namely the ASPERA-4 flown on Venus Express (inserted into an elliptical polar orbit about the planet on April 11, 2006). In this paper we report on measurements made by the ion and electron sensors of ASPERA-4 during their first five months of operation and, thereby, determine the locations of both the Venus bow shock (BS) and the ion composition boundary (ICB) under solar minimum conditions. In contrast to previous studies based on PVO data, we employ a 3-parameter fit to achieve a realistic shape for the BS. We use a different technique to fit the ICB because this latter boundary cannot be represented by a conic section. Additionally we investigate the dependence of the location of the BS on solar wind ram pressure (based on ASPERA-4 solar wind data) and solar EUV flux (using a proxy from Earth). 相似文献
96.
A.J. Coates R.A. Frahm D.O. Kataria G. Collinson J.D. Winningham S. Barabash R. Lundin Y. Futaana A. Grigoriev H. Gunell J.-J. Thocaven W. Baumjohann H. Koskinen J.U. Kozyra Y. Ma A. Galli P. Bochsler E.C. Roelof N. Krupp M. Fraenz S. McKenna-Lawlor R. Cerulli-Irelli A. Milillo C.C. Curtis K.C. Hsieh A. Asamura 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(6):802-806
We report the detection of electrons due to photo-ionization of atomic oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Venus atmosphere by solar helium 30.4 nm photons. The detection was by the Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-4) Electron Spectrometer (ELS) on the Venus Express (VEx) European Space Agency (ESA) mission. Characteristic peaks in energy for such photoelectrons have been predicted by Venus atmosphere/ionosphere models. The ELS energy resolution (ΔE/E∼7%) means that these are the first detailed measurements of such electrons. Considerations of ion production and transport in the atmosphere of Venus suggest that the observed photoelectron peaks are due primarily to ionization of atomic oxygen. 相似文献
97.
气象台站网的布局优化可以提高气象台站观测资料的代表性、准确性和可比较性.简述了气象台站网布局优化方法的国内外研究进展,讨论了气象台站网布局优化方法的关键技术和存在的问题,重点介绍和分析了利用线性内插法、最优内插法、信息论法、因子分析法和经验模式法来进行气象台站网的布局优化,总结了这些方法的可行性.结合气象业务需求变化,提出了气象台站网布局优化方法的改进方向. 相似文献
98.
The relationship between monthly vegetation cover anomalies and climate in the Hulunbei'er steppe were studied through analyzing the relationship between regional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climatic variables, and NDVI and tree-ring width during the growing season (May–October). The local moisture (dry/wet) and temperature (cold/warm) variations largely affected the vegetation cover and the radial growth of Mongolian pines (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) in the steppe. Monthly precipitation and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) data from the previous to the current growing seasons were positively correlated to regional vegetation cover and radial growth of Mongolian pines; however, negative correlations were found between temperature and vegetation variables. A reconstruction of monthly vegetation cover dynamics for the growing season was created and spans 116 years (from 1891 to 2006). The results show that the total numbers of anomalies for dense and sparse seasonal vegetation cover is 22 years over the 116 year record; about 5–7 relatively dense or sparse periods; and ∼2–8 years significant periodicities (p < 0.05). Linkages to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean regimes were also detected. 相似文献
99.
With the availability of high frequent satellite data, crop phenology could be accurately mapped using time-series remote sensing data. Vegetation index time-series data derived from AVHRR, MODIS, and SPOT-VEGETATION images usually have coarse spatial resolution. Mapping crop phenology parameters using higher spatial resolution images (e.g., Landsat TM-like) is unprecedented. Recently launched HJ-1 A/B CCD sensors boarded on China Environment Satellite provided a feasible and ideal data source for the construction of high spatio-temporal resolution vegetation index time-series. This paper presented a comprehensive method to construct NDVI time-series dataset derived from HJ-1 A/B CCD and demonstrated its application in cropland areas. The procedures of time-series data construction included image preprocessing, signal filtering, and interpolation for daily NDVI images then the NDVI time-series could present a smooth and complete phenological cycle. To demonstrate its application, TIMESAT program was employed to extract phenology parameters of crop lands located in Guanzhong Plain, China. The small-scale test showed that the crop season start/end derived from HJ-1 A/B NDVI time-series was comparable with local agro-metrological observation. The methodology for reconstructing time-series remote sensing data had been proved feasible, though forgoing researches will improve this a lot in mapping crop phenology. Last but not least, further studies should be focused on field-data collection, smoothing method and phenology definitions using time-series remote sensing data. 相似文献
100.
Agricultural activities mainly occur in rural areas; recently, ecological conservation and biological diversity are being emphasized in rural communities to promote sustainable development for rural communities, especially for rural communities in Taiwan. Therefore, since 2005, many rural communities in Taiwan have compiled their own development strategies in order to create their own unique characteristics to attract people to visit and stay in rural communities. By implementing these strategies, young people can stay in their own rural communities and the rural communities are rejuvenated. However, some rural communities introduce artificial construction into the community such that the ecological and biological environments are significantly degraded. The strategies need to be efficiently monitored because up to 67 rural communities have proposed rejuvenation projects. In 2015, up to 440 rural communities were estimated to be involved in rural community rejuvenations. How to monitor the changes occurring in those rural communities participating in rural community rejuvenation such that ecological conservation and ecological diversity can be satisfied is an important issue in rural community management. Remote sensing provides an efficient and rapid method to achieve this issue. Segmentation plays a fundamental role in human perception. In this respect, segmentation can be used as the process of transforming the collection of pixels of an image into a group of regions or objects with meaning. This paper proposed an algorithm based on the multiphase approach to segment the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, of the rural communities into several sub-regions, and to have the NDVI distribution in each sub-region be homogeneous. Those regions whose values of NDVI are close will be merged into the same class. In doing so, a complex NDVI map can be simplified into two groups: the high and low values of NDVI. The class with low NDVI values corresponds to those regions containing roads, buildings, and other manmade construction works and the class with high values of NDVI indicates that those regions contain vegetation in good health. In order to verify the processed results, the regional boundaries were extracted and laid down on the given images to check whether the extracted boundaries were laid down on buildings, roads, or other artificial constructions. In addition to the proposed approach, another approach called statistical region merging was employed by grouping sets of pixels with homogeneous properties such that those sets are iteratively grown by combining smaller regions or pixels. In doing so, the segmented NDVI map can be generated. By comparing the areas of the merged classes in different years, the changes occurring in the rural communities of Taiwan can be detected. The satellite imagery of FORMOSA-2 with 2-m ground resolution is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The satellite imagery of two rural communities (Jhumen and Taomi communities) is chosen to evaluate environmental changes between 2005 and 2010. The change maps of 2005–2010 show that a high density of green on a patch of land is increased by 19.62 ha in Jhumen community and conversely a similar patch of land is significantly decreased by 236.59 ha in Taomi community. Furthermore, the change maps created by another image segmentation method called statistical region merging generate similar processed results to multiphase segmentation. 相似文献