Provenance of latest Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic (meta)-sedimentary rocks and implications for paleographic reconstruction of the Yili Block     

《Gondwana Research》2019

The Yili Block is one of the major Precambrian microcontinents of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic data of the Meso-Neoproterozoic (meta)-sedimentary units within the Yili Block constrain the tectonic affinity and early history of the block. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages, in combination with related magmatic age data, indicate that the Tekesi and Kusitai groups were deposited during the latest Mesoproterozoic-earliest Neoproterozoic (1040–960 Ma) and early Neoproterozoic (<926 Ma), respectively. Zircons from the Kusitai Group yield major age groups at 941–910 Ma and 1887–1122 Ma, whereas the Tekesi Group have a dominant age group at ca. 2.0–1.1 Ga with age peaks at ca. 1.9 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 1.75–1.70 Ga, 1.58 Ga, 1.5 Ga, 1.47–1.43 Ga and 1.27–1.20 Ga. A minor age peak of ca. 2.5 Ga is also recognized in the middle part of the Tekesi Group. Early Neoproterozoic detrital zircons with relatively uniform ε_Hf(t) values (+0.7 to +3.2) were mainly derived from contemporaneous magmatic rocks in the Yili Block. The Central Tianshan Block provides a likely source for detritus with ages of ca. 1.7–1.4 and 2.5 Ga. The predominant late Paleoproterozoic to latest Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons with positive ε_Hf(t) values (+0.5 to +12.0) in the Yili Block were probably derived primarily from regions exhumed during collisional assembly of Rodinia. These populations are consistent with those from the late Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic (meta)-sedimentary successions in the Central Tianshan, Kokchetav-North Tianshan and Erementau-Niyaz blocks, and Southeast Siberia and northeastern Laurentia cratons. The Yili Block, together with the Precambrian microcontinents in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, was likely located at the margin of Rodinia supercontinent, between the southeast Siberia and northeast Laurentia during the early Neoproterozoic.  相似文献   

基于慢特征分析对连续系统的外强迫提取     

卢文旭  段明铿  王革丽 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(2):153-162

外强迫随时间的变化对于非平稳系统的影响十分重要,如何从该系统中重构或提取外强迫信息则成为研究其中动力学特征的关键所在。本文基于慢特征分析方法（Slow Feature Analysis,SFA）以连续系统（改变的Lorenz系统）为参考模型,分别讨论在周期型强迫、减弱的周期型强迫、指数衰减型强迫、伴随指数衰减的周期型强迫等条件下,SFA方法对模型中不同强迫信号的提取能力。结果显示,SFA方法能够提取作用于连续系统中的外强迫信息,其提取效果与外强迫的强度、噪声以及嵌入维数m有关:对于越弱的外强迫或者存在越强的噪声干扰,提取效果越差,提取信号中将出现虚假的高频波动;嵌入维数m的增大能在一定程度上提高外强迫信号的提取效果。试验还表明,作用在单一变量上的外强迫会将其驱动信息嵌入于系统中,因此,可以通过SFA分析方法从其他变量中提取其外强迫信号。  相似文献   

Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0–180°W)     

《Quaternary Science Reviews》2004,23(5-6):529-560

The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0–180°W; north of ∼60°N). Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the 16 terrestrial sites where quantitative estimates have been obtained, local HTM temperatures (primarily summer estimates) were on average 1.6±0.8°C higher than present (approximate average of the 20th century), but the warming was time-transgressive across the western Arctic. As the precession-driven summer insolation anomaly peaked 12–10 ka (thousands of calendar years ago), warming was concentrated in northwest North America, while cool conditions lingered in the northeast. Alaska and northwest Canada experienced the HTM between ca 11 and 9 ka, about 4000 yr prior to the HTM in northeast Canada. The delayed warming in Quebec and Labrador was linked to the residual Laurentide Ice Sheet, which chilled the region through its impact on surface energy balance and ocean circulation. The lingering ice also attests to the inherent asymmetry of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that predisposes the region to glaciation and modulates the pattern of climatic change. The spatial asymmetry of warming during the HTM resembles the pattern of warming observed in the Arctic over the last several decades. Although the two warmings are described at different temporal scales, and the HTM was additionally affected by the residual Laurentide ice, the similarities suggest there might be a preferred mode of variability in the atmospheric circulation that generates a recurrent pattern of warming under positive radiative forcing. Unlike the HTM, however, future warming will not be counterbalanced by the cooling effect of a residual North American ice sheet.  相似文献   

Sulfur and lead isotope systematics: Implications for the genesis of the Riópar Zn-(Fe-Pb) carbonate-hosted deposit (Prebetic Zone,SE Spain)     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Zn-(Fe-Pb) deposits of the Riópar area (Prebetic Zone, SE Spain) are hosted by dolostones that replace Berriasian to Valanginian (Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous) limestones. Mineralization consists of hypogene sphalerite, marcasite and galena, and supergene calamine zones. The hypogene ores are associated with a saddle dolomite gangue. The ore bodies occur as discordant and stratiform lenses, ore-cemented breccias, cm- to mm-wide veins and veinlets, disseminations and stylolite porosity filling within the host dolomites. The main ore controls include stratigraphy and/or lithology, tectonics (faults, fractures and breccias) and availability of metals and sulfur. The morphologies and epigenetic character of the hypogene ore bodies are consistent with the classification of this mineralization as a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit. The Ga/Ge geothermometer in sphalerite yielded a temperature range of 194–252 °C, which represents the temperature of the source region of the ore solution. This value is comparable to the temperature obtained in the ore deposition site, 159 ± 15 °C from the Δ³⁴S geothermometer in sphalerite galena pairs. This similitude points to a hydrothermal fluid that did not cool down significantly during flow from the fluid reservoir area to the precipitation site. δ³⁴S values of base-metal sulfides (−7.5 to +3.5‰) are consistent with thermochemical reduction of Triassic sulfate (seawater and/or derived from dissolution of evaporites) by interaction with organic compounds (e.g., hydrocarbons, methane), which reduced sulfate to sulfide in the deposition site. The lead isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.736–18.762; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.629–15.660; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.496–38.595) of galena suggest that Pb, and probably other metals as Zn, is derived from continental crustal rocks. On the other hand, these relations points to a unique metal source probably derived from the Paleozoic basement rocks. The relationship between bedding-parallel stylolites, dolomitization, sulfide precipitation and Alpine tectonic affecting the MVT ore, suggests a relative timing range for the mineralization in the Riópar area of 95–20 Ma (Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary). The sulfide mineralization and the associated dolomitization are thus explained by the contribution of two fluids that mixed in different proportions during dolomitization and mineralization: i) a fluid probably derived from Cretaceous seawater saturating Mesozoic sediments (Fluid A), characterized by being dilute and initially low temperature, which should have contained organic rich compounds in the ore deposition site (e.g., hydrocarbons and CH₄ dissolved gas); and ii) a high salinity hydrothermal brine (Fluid B) rich in both metals and sulfate, circulated through the Paleozoic basement. During the pre-ore dolomitizing stage the fluid phase was dominated by the diluted fluid (Fluid A > Fluid B), whereas in a later fluid pulse, the proportion of the high salinity fluid increased (Fluid A < Fluid B) which allowed sulfide precipitation. MVT exploration in the Prebetic Zone should focus towards the SW of the Riópar mines, in the vicinity of the Alto Guadalquivir-San Jorge fault.  相似文献   

HY-2卫星高度计波高资料在集合最优插值同化中的应用研究——以台风“Lipee”为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王天驹  齐琳琳  朱江  王举  宋攀  王晓丹 《海洋学报》2017,39(2):29-38

基于海浪模式SWAN（Simulating Waves Nearshore）,以台风“Lipee”为例,开展了集合最优插值（EnOI）同化HY-2卫星高度计有效波高（SWH）资料的台风浪数值预报影响研究。结果表明,利用HY-2卫星高度计波高资料结合EnOI方法进行同化,可有效改善海浪初始场质量,同化对绝对误差的改进可达15%,均方根误差改进14%。同化对预报误差、均方根误差都有一定程度的改进,其中在0~24 h预报时效内的改进最为明显,绝对误差可改进12%,均方根误差改进13%。研究结果不仅可为海洋预报、同化提供参考,而且可为进一步加强HY-2卫星高度计资料的应用提供技术支持。  相似文献   

Evolution history of transtensional pull-apart,oblique rift basin and its implication on hydrocarbon exploration: A case study from Sufyan Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Sufyan Sub-basin is an East-West trending Sub-basin located in the northwestern part of the Muglad Basin (Sudan), in the eastern extension of the West and Central Africa Rift System (WCARS). The trend of the Sufyan Sub-basin (E-W) is different from the general trend of Muglad Basin (NW-SE) and similar to Baggara basin in the west of Sudan and other basins in east Chad. The unique E-W trend, suggests that this Sub-basin originated by a mechanism different from Muglad Basin that is considered more extensional in origin. Five regional seismic lines are included to illustrate the structural and stratigraphic variation across the Sub-basin. Fault polygons maps for six horizons, four isopach maps, five cross-sections, and two associated kinematic models are presented in this study. Sufyan Sub-basin is characterized by rhombic geometry with three boundary faults; two of those faults exhibit dextral strike slip movement, with two depocenters at the western and eastern segments of the southern fault. Structural interpretation of Sufyan Sub-basin based on 2D seismic data highlights the style of strike-slip related structure. Negative flower structures, en-echelon faults, and rhombic geometry all suggest a significant component of a pull-apart transtensional movement in Sufyan Sub-basin. Other alternative scenarios for evolutionary history and the forming mechanism were introduced such as the oblique extension model. The Sufyan Sub-basin is believed to be highly affected by the Central African Shear Zone (CASZ). In this study, several transtension and oblique rift related features interpreted from Bouguer gravity map and seismic data are briefly described and illustrated. Based on this study, the favorable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation are the areas of flower structure and the areas that near to the two depocenters that controlled by the southern boundary fault.  相似文献   

Weaknesses in the ethical framework of aquaculture related standards     

《Marine Policy》2017

This paper presents some results from a critical review of how well aquaculture standards fulfil their intentions to promote sustainable aquaculture. The focus was on revealing possible weaknesses in the ethical frameworks of the investigated documents, particularly with regard to less powerful stakeholders in aquaculture production and trade. The review revealed a bias across the standards in the sense that they devote most attention to an instrumental approach to environmental health, at the expense of social sustainability considerations. This indicated an asymmetry in the sense of more concern for the interests of the relatively affluent European seafood consumers than the interests of the poorer Asian aquaculture producers and their livelihood conditions. Two moves needed in the aquaculture standard industry are advised. One is to practically enhance the involvement and power of the weaker groups. The other is to secure pragmatically and politically feasible implementations of ideal theoretical ambitions.  相似文献   

The Franciscan Complex (California,USA) – The model case for return-flow in a subduction channel put to the test     

《Gondwana Research》2017

The model of “Return-Flow in a Subduction Channel” (RFSC) is put to the test, by opposing key-assumptions of the model to an integrated review of field data, petrology, geochronology and structures of high-P mélanges of the Franciscan Subduction Complex (FSC), to which RFSC has been first applied. Key-assumptions are: (i) The subduction channel (SC) is a low-viscosity zone of finite width restrained by the rigid, subducted and overriding plates. (ii) Forced (return) flow in the SC is associated with formation and km-scale displacements of small tectonic blocks (< 1 km) in a highly deformable matrix. (iii) This results in apparently random distributions and close associations of blocks exhumed from different depths. Hence, the block-in-matrix structures and “exotic” blocks in high-P mélanges would reflect the structural state at depth of the SC. On the basis of the predictions ensuing from the key assumptions of the RFSC model on the rock record, it is detailed why the actual record of the high-P mélanges of the FSC does not comply with this perception. The record rather reflects recurring subduction, underplating-associated décollement, erosion and mingling of high-P rocks by sedimentary processes, in the trench, all occurring in an 80 m.y.-lasting period. Distributed deformation of the mélange matrix is unrelated to formation of apparently chaotic block-in-matrix structures since: (i) creation, subduction, ascent and cooling of “exotic” blocks on counterclockwise P-T paths predates deposition of the bulk of the metasediments constituting the matrix by ~ 20–40 m.y.; (ii) deformation of the matrix occurs during a second loop of high-P metamorphism postdating creation and ascent of the “exotic” blocks by at least ~ 20–40 m.y.; (iii) the magnitudes of distributed deformation of the matrix are too low to cause juxtaposition of blocks different in P-T paths against each other from km-scale vertical distances. Instead, narrow (few tens of metres-wide) fault/shear and décollement zones formed at locally high pore fluid pressures accumulate the major tectonic transport during high-P metamorphism. They bound several 100s of metres wide tabular tectonic bodies that are coherent. Sedimentary processes at the active continental margin formed the bulk of the mélanges. Tectonically formed block-in-matrix structures within the shear and décollement zones are unrelated to juxtaposition of “exotic” blocks. Universal diagnostic criteria are developed to identify return-RFSC as a mechanism that potentially amalgamates heterogeneous metamorphic terrains by using field data petrology and geochronology.  相似文献   

中国大陆中纬度带不同等级降水的变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡钰玲  张莹  朱安豹  王式功  尚可政  苏俊礼 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):332-342

为研究中国大陆中纬度带不同等级降水的变化特征,利用筛选后的100个测站1960-2014年的日降水量数据,根据站点降水趋势进行区域划分,根据中国不同年降水量对应的降水等级进行强度划分,在此基础上对中国大陆中纬度带不同等级降水分地区、分季节做了详细分析。结果表明：（1）中国大陆中纬度带东、西部降水存在很大的地域性差异,降水类型以中等以下强度降水过程为主且暴雨和大雨主要发生在夏季。（2）全球变暖大背景下,20世纪80年代中期东、西部降水均出现转折,西部降水由少变多,暖湿化加剧;东部降水减少,由湿变干;东、西部降水反相变化。（3）近几十年西部暖湿化加剧的主要表现形式为不同等级年降水量显著增加,东部降水减少的主要表现形式为年暴雨和大雨量减少。（4）东、西部不同等级年降水日数对相应等级年降水量起着决定性作用。（5）东、西部降水日数变化引起的降水量变化远大于降水强度变化引起的降水量变化且东部降水强度对总降水量的贡献较西部大。  相似文献   

VLF lightning location by time of group arrival (TOGA) at multiple sites     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(7):817-830

  相似文献