S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达对一次局地强雷暴过程的探测分析     

杨磊  贺宏兵  杨波  孟鑫 《气象科学》2019,39(6):786-796

为提高双偏振天气雷达雷暴监测预警能力,探究雷暴活动过程雷达偏振信息特征及雷暴内部微物理过程,利用S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达,结合地面大气电场仪和闪电定位系统资料对2015年8月31日发生在南京地区一次局地强雷暴过程进行了分析。主要利用体扫数据获得雷暴单体内部垂直剖面(Vertical Cross Section,VCS),同时结合模糊逻辑算法进行粒子类型识别,得到多个偏振参量和雷暴云内部粒子类型的垂直分布情况,进一步分析得到各偏振参量和粒子分布随闪电活动的演变规律。结果表明:在-15℃高度层以上冰晶区域出现K_(DP)的负值区与闪电活动具有很好的相关性;雷暴云中霰粒子的分布变化同闪电活动演变同步很好,在一定高度霰粒子的出现可以用来对雷暴进行预警;雷暴云中低层存在强烈的辐合上升区,利于霰和冰晶碰撞非感应起电和闪电的发生。  相似文献   

基于对流尺度集合预报的飑线结构特征模拟与改善     

马申佳  何宏让  陈超辉  吴丹  陈圣劼 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(1):1-9

对流尺度集合预报是研究飑线等强对流天气的新方向。当前对飑线系统结构的研究主要采用卫星和雷达资料结合高分辨率确定性预报的方法,而本文从集合预报技术的角度分析飑线结构特征。针对2014年7月30日中国江淮地区的一次强飑线过程,利用WRF模式开展了对流尺度集合预报试验,采用概率匹配平均法对集合预报结果进行综合处理,重点考察集合预报对飑线结构特征的模拟能力。结果表明:对流尺度集合预报能够模拟出飑线系统的基本结构特征。集合平均和概率匹配平均法相比控制预报而言,对飑线回波、热力场、动力场和微物理量场结构有明显的改善作用。同时模拟出了飑线系统近地面冷池和环境垂直风切变的相互作用,与RKW理论相一致。概率匹配平均法在回波强度上较集合平均更接近实况,应用于对流尺度集合预报研究极端天气事件具有指示意义。  相似文献   

露点测湿技术优势探究     

杨会兵  王晓蕾  赵世军  宋海润  王鹏程 《气象科技》2019,47(4):546-551

湿度测量技术繁多,露点测湿技术具有较大的优势,基于露点测湿技术设计的仪器能在全量程内达到较高准确度。本文以《气象仪器观测方法指南》中公布的饱和水汽压计算公式为基础,结合误差传递理论,计算得到不同等级露/霜点温度标准不确定度下的相对湿度标准不确定度,以此探究露点测湿技术在准确度上的优势。结果表明:在-60～60℃的全温度范围内,露点仪相对湿度测量标准不确定度在低温高湿情况下较大;当环境温度和露/霜点测量标准不确定度均为0.1℃时,相对湿度测量标准不确定度最大不超过2.0%,满足《气象仪器观测方法指南》中对湿度标准器标准不确定度最低要求;当环境温度和露/霜点测量标准不确定度分别为0.3℃(0.5℃)和0.1℃时,相对湿度测量标准不确定度最大不超过4.3%(7.0%)。可见低温情况下,露点仪相对湿度测量标准不确定度优势明显。  相似文献   

基于探空数据的南海表面波导统计特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

成印河  周生启  王东晓  鲁远征  姚景龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(11):63-70

Based on the global position system(GPS) radiosonde data near the sea surface, the surface duct characteristics over the South China Sea(SCS) were statistically analyzed. The annual surface duct occurrence over the SCS was about 64%. Of the observed surface ducts, duct heights mainly distributed between 18 and 42 m, with M slopes in the range of –0.3 to –0.2 M units/m. Those ducts accounted for about 80% of the ducting cases. For the total profiles, the duct occurrences in a day changed slowly and were more than 60% in all times. The surface ducts formed more easily in the daytime than in the nighttime and most of the duct height were at bellow about 32 m.Additionally, The seasonal variation of the SCS ducts appeared to be evident, except that the mean duct thickness was almost constant, about 33 m for all seasons. The highest occurrence was about 71% in the autumn, followed by in the summer, spring and winter. In spring, their top-height existed more often at a height of more than 48 m.Their mean duct strength became stronger trend from spring to winter, with the M-slope in the range between–0.26 and –0.18 M units/m. Those results agreed well with other studies, provided considering the data resolution.The statistical analysis was reliable and gave the duct estimation for the SCS. Such duct climatology not only has important implications for communication systems and the reliability of the radar observation, but also can provide useful information to improve the accuracy of the meteorological radar measurements.  相似文献   

Role of intra-seasonal oscillations on monsoon floods and droughts over India     

O. S. R. U. Bhanu Kumar  S. Ramalingeswara Rao  S. Ranganathan  S. S. Raju 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(1):21-28

Aim of this diagnostic study is to investigate the impact of intra-seasonal oscillations in terms of number, duration and intensity on rainfall during June through September, 1979–2006. Analysis of wavelet spectra for winds at 850 hPa field for monsoon period reveals number and duration of oscillations, which exercise profound influence on monsoon rainfall. Results indicate that four to six oscillations appear in normal rainfall or flood cases, while two or three oscillations are identified in the years of drought episodes. Though total duration of above oscillations is varied from 25 to 85 days, the duration is short (20 to 35 days) obviously in the years of less number of oscillations and also the number of oscillations are directly related to the monsoon rainfall. The coefficient of correlation between them is 0.56, which is significant at 1% level. To examine the strength of intra-seasonal oscillations in terms of different indices on seasonal rainfall is investigated. The Madden and Julian Oscillation Index shows an inverse relationship with rainfall, where as a direct relationship is noticed between Monsoon Shear Index and rainfall for the study period. Both results are significant at 5% level. To consolidate the above statistical relationships, seasonal circulation changes in the contrasting years of monsoon rainfall have been examined; present study reveals that anomaly negative outgoing longwave radiation is noticed over most of Arabian Sea, Indian sub-continent and the Bay of Bengal during June through September in flood year (1988). But opposite convective activity is true in drought year (2002). Similarly the spatial U-850 hPa field distribution showed much stronger monsoon winds in 1988, while zonal circulation was very weak in 2002. Such differences are observed in the anomaly zonal wind field at 200 hPa also. Over the monsoon region U-850 hPa field is almost a mirror image of U-200 hPa distribution of wind field. Finally annual cycles of U-850 and U-200 hPa fields reflect striking difference at 200 hPa level during the summer monsoon period in flood and drought years.  相似文献   

Preface to the Arctic Ocean special issue     

《Ocean Modelling》2013

  相似文献   

一种预测西北太平洋热带气旋逐月演变的新统计模型     

吕硕  胡轶佳  孙源  钟中 《气象科学》2024,44(1):59-72

本文提出一种月尺度西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数(Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Frequency, WNPTCF)预测的新方法。该方法利用全球次表层海温(Subsurface Sea Temperature Anomaly, SubSSTA)和中国气象局国家气候中心发布的130项监测指数,构建了既考虑热力强迫因子、又考虑大气动力因子,既考虑同期海洋强迫,又考虑前期海洋和大气影响的集成预测模型。利用该预测模型对2011—2020年6—10月逐月WNPTCF进行独立样本检验预测,准确率达70%以上,说明该预测模型对WNPTCF的逐月演变预测的效果良好。该预测模型对ENSO信号较强年份的WNPTCF预测效果要好于ENSO信号不强的年份,原因在于在ENSO信号不强的年份,SubSSTA可预报性较低,非线性变率大,海洋对WNPTC的强迫作用弱。  相似文献   

基于TIGGE资料的西太平洋热带气旋多模式集成预报方法比较   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

张涵斌  智协飞  王亚男  陈静  张雷  李靖 《气象》2015,41(9):1058-1067

基于TIGGE资料中CMA、ECMWF、JMA和NCEP四中心2010、2011和2012年3年的资料,采用集合平均（EMN）、加权集合平均（WEMN）、消除偏差集合平均（BREM）和加权消除偏差集合平均（即超级集合,SUP）四种方法,对西太平洋地区热带气旋路径与中心气压进行时效为24、48、72、96和120 h的多模式集成预报,评估了不同单中心预报结果,并分析了不同多模式集成预报方法的特点,对比了不同多模式集成方法的效果。结果表明,对于热带气旋路径和中心气压预报,各中心预报技巧不同,其中3年的CMA预报效果均较差,2010、2011年的ECMWF预报和2012年的NCEP预报效果最优;总体上几种多模式集成方法在120 h预报时效内均优于单模式预报,其中EMN作为一种最简单的集成预报方法,具有一定的局限性,而WEMN由于给不同单模式预报赋予了权重,因此相对于EMN能够得到更好的多模式集成预报结果;BREM方案由于消除了模式预报中的系统性偏差,因此集成预报效果也优于EMN;由于去除了模式预报偏差,同时给不同模式赋予了权重,SUP方案得到的集成预报效果最优。  相似文献   

深度学习方法在北极海冰预报中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

刘泉宏  张韧  汪杨骏  闫恒乾 《大气科学学报》2022,45(1):14-21

在全球气候变暖背景下,北极海冰呈现出逐年消融的趋势.海冰的消融给北极的开发利用带来了重要机遇,例如北极航道通航潜力的显现.但北极航道开通还面临着诸多困难,尤其是海冰变化机理的复杂性和海冰预报的不确定性以及由此带来的航行安全风险.近年来,深度学习因其强大的非线性拟合能力,逐渐在海冰预报领域中崭露头角.本文对近年来深度学习...  相似文献   

Impacts of the Lowest Model Level Height on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure简   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MA Zhanhong  FEI Jianfang  HUANG Xiaogang  and CHENG Xiaoping 《大气科学进展》2014,31(2):421-434

Variable thicknesses in the lowest half-ηmodel level （LML） are often used in atmospheric models to compute surface diagnostic fields such as surface latent and sensible heat fluxes.The effects of the LML on simulated tropical cyclone （TC）evolution were investigated in this study using the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model.The results demonstrated notable influences of the LML on TC evolution when the LML was placed below 12 m.The TC intensification rate decreased progressively with a lowering of the LML,but its ultimate intensity change was relatively small.The maximum 10-m winds showed different behavior to minimum sea level pressure and azimuthally-averaged tangential winds,and thus the windpressure relationship was changed accordingly by varying the LML.The TC circulation was more contracted in association with a higher LML.Surface latent heat fluxes were enhanced greatly by elevating the LML,wherein the wind speed at the LML played a dominant role.The changes in the wind speed at the LML were dependent not only on their profile differences,but also the different heights they were taken from.Due to the enhanced surface heat fluxes,more intense latent heat release occurred in the eyewall,which boosted the storm＇s intensification.A higher LML tended to produce a stronger storm,and therefore the surface friction was reinforced,which in turn induced stronger boundary layer inflow together with increased diabatic heating.  相似文献