Large Igneous Provinces,Richard E. Ernst,Cambridge University Press (2015), (653 pp., Hardback,price BP 85; US$ 130), ISBN: 978-0-521-87177-8     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2015

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Sea Level Prediction in the Yellow Sea From Satellite Altimetry With a Combined Least Squares-Neural Network Approach     

Jian Zhao  Yanguo Fan  Yuxiang Mu 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(4):344-366

Accessible high-quality observation datasets and proper modeling process are critically required to accurately predict sea level rise in coastal areas. This study focuses on developing and validating a combined least squares-neural network approach applicable to the short-term prediction of sea level variations in the Yellow Sea, where the periodic terms and linear trend of sea level change are fitted and extrapolated using the least squares model, while the prediction of the residual terms is performed by several different types of artificial neural networks. The input and output data used are the sea level anomalies (SLA) time series in the Yellow Sea from 1993 to 2016 derived from ERS-1/2, Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1/2, and Envisat satellite altimetry missions. Tests of different neural network architectures and learning algorithms are performed to assess their applicability for predicting the residuals of SLA time series. Different neural networks satisfactorily provide reliable results and the root mean square errors of the predictions from the proposed combined approach are less than 2?cm and correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted SLA are up to 0.87. Results prove the reliability of the combined least squares-neural network approach on the short-term prediction of sea level variability close to the coast.  相似文献   

Significance of adakites in petrogenesis of early Silurian magmatism at the Yudai copper deposit in the Kalatag district,NW China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Yudai is a newly discovered copper deposit associated with a porphyritic quartz diorite, in the Kalatag district of the eastern Tianshan, China. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the diorite yielded an age of 432 ± 3 Ma. The diorite is peraluminous (ASI = 0.98–1.10), calc-alkaline to tholeiitic with high Al₂O₃ of 16.6–17.7 wt% and Mg^# of 57.4–67.4. Trace element characteristics of the diorite show it is enriched in Ba, K and Sr, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, with a positive Eu anomaly and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios. This diorite has positive ε_Nd(t) values ranging from 6.2 to 8.4 with low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.704336 to 0.704450. These geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the adakite-like diorite, associated with the copper mineralization, was emplaced in an island arc setting and resulted from partial melting of subducted oceanic plate in a mantle wedge.  相似文献   

Diatom‐based reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity in the South China Sea over the last 15 000 years     

Hui Jiang  Mads F. Knudsen  Marit‐Solveig Seidenkrantz  Meixun Zhao  Longbin Sha  Lihua Ran 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(1):208-219

We present a new reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity (SSS) over the past 15 000 years based on a diatom record from piston core 17940, located on the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS). The reconstructed diatom‐based summer SSS values for the modern period are in accord with instrumental observations of summer SSS in the area. Here, the modern summer SSS is primarily controlled by river runoff, in particular from the Pearl River. The reconstruction presented in this study shows that the summer SSS varied between 33.3 and 34.2 psu over the past 15 000 years. The long‐term summer SSS trend closely followed the trend of the orbitally controlled solar insolation at 20°N, suggesting that orbital forcing was the dominant driver of changes in summer SSS in this area. Comparisons to speleothem δ¹⁸O data and studies of surface hydrography in the region suggest that changes in solar insolation affected the summer SSS through changes in the East Asian Monsoon and sea‐level changes associated with the last deglaciation. Univariate spectral analyses indicate that centennial‐scale oscillatory variations in summer SSS were superimposed on the long‐term trend. During the deglacial period (c. 12 000–9000 cal. a BP), the dominant periodicity was centred around 230–250 years, whereas a ～350‐year oscillation dominated in the period 2200–4500 cal. a BP. The balance of evidence suggests that these centennial‐scale changes in summer SSS may have been driven by solar‐induced changes in the East Asian Monsoon, but further evidence is needed to firmly establish this relationship.  相似文献   

顾及局部与结构特征的稀疏多项式逻辑回归高光谱图像分类方法     

沈宇臻  官云兰  杨禄  刘承承  严小芳 《测绘通报》2019,(6):24-28

稀疏多项式逻辑回归在分类中仅利用图像光谱信息，导致分类效果不太理想。本文提出了一种顾及局部与结构特征的稀疏多项式逻辑回归高光谱图像分类方法。首先利用加权均值滤波与拓展形态学多属性剖面对原始高光谱图像进行局部与结构特征提取；然后对二者进行加权平均特征级融合以获取更具唯一性的像元特征；最后由稀疏多项式逻辑回归分类器对融合结果进行分类。结果表明，本文方法能有效地提高分类精度，而且具有较强的稳健性。  相似文献   

低空摄影测量立体影像匹配的现状与展望     

陈晓勇  何海清  周俊超  安谱阳  陈婷 《测绘学报》2019,48(12):1595-1603

影像匹配是在两幅或多幅具有重叠度的影像中通过特定的算法提取影像间同名点的过程,是低空摄影测量数据处理中最为关键的步骤,匹配质量与效率直接影响到后续数据处理的成功与否,关系到测绘产品生成质量。本文系统阐述了低空摄影测量影像匹配的研究现状与展望。对影像匹配的分类进行总结和归纳,大体上,影像匹配可划分为两大类,即基于灰度和基于特征的匹配。重点针对基于特征的影像匹配,从点、线、面等特征提取算法及特征描述符和相似性测度与策略等方面进行了详细阐述。此外,列举最新的基于深度学习的影像匹配算法,对低空平台搭载的多样化传感器数据融合可能涉及的影像匹配方法进行了展望。  相似文献   

Impacts of confining pressure and safety thickness on water and mud inrush in weathered granite     

Jinquan Liu  Weizhong Chen  Zhiping Deng  Taogen Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):144-153

Abstract

Due to the strong disintegration and water erosion of completely weathered granite, water and mud inrush disasters are apt to take place in this zone during underwater tunnel construction. The pore, compactness, seepage path length, fracture geometries and their interconnections for water and mud transfer are strongly influenced by confining pressure and waterproof-resistant slab safety thickness. In order to inspect the influence, a series of experiments based on a self-designed testing system and non-Darcy testing method were performed. The results indicated that the water and mud inrush evolution increased with the increase of confining pressure and decreased with the increase of safety thickness. In particular, the confining pressure mainly influences the initial evolution stage, and a critical safety thickness to prevent water and mud inrush is obtained. Besides, the non-Darcy testing method results shows that the water and mud inrush evolution affects the influence of non-Darcy flow. For example, while the safety thickness was smaller than the critical value, the evolution was large and unstable and its behavior transferred into nonlinear. In this case, the flow changed to non-Darcy flow.  相似文献   

Modeling nonlinear wave–wave interactions with the elliptic mild slope equation     

《Applied Ocean Research》2014

An approach is developed to simulate wave–wave interactions using nonlinear elliptic mild-slope equation in domains where wave reflection, refraction, diffraction and breaking effects must also be considered. This involves the construction of an efficient solution procedure including effective boundary treatment, modification of the nonlinear equation to resolve convergence issues, and validation of the overall approach. For solving the second-order boundary-value problem, the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme is employed, and the use of approximate boundary conditions is supplemented, for improved accuracy, with internal wave generation method and dissipative sponge layers. The performance of the nonlinear model is investigated for a range of practical wave conditions involving reflection, diffraction and shoaling in the presence of nonlinear wave–wave interactions. In addition, the transformation of a wave spectrum due to nonlinear shoaling and breaking, and nonlinear resonance inside a rectangular harbor are simulated. Numerical calculations are compared with the results from other relevant nonlinear models and experimental data available in literature. Results show that the approach developed here performs reasonably well, and has thus improved the applicability of this class of wave transformation models.  相似文献   

Water productivity and integrated water resources management     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

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利用InSAR和GPS数据分析台湾西南两次Mw＞6地震的触发关系及应力影响     

王乐洋  高华  冯光财 《测绘学报》2019,48(10):1244-1253

利用InSAR和GPS进行地震研究具有很大的优势，InSAR能够在较大范围内快速地获得连续的同震形变观测，而GPS测量精度高，可迅速获得稳定的测量结果。随着SAR卫星的增多、重返周期的缩短，利用InSAR和GPS联合进行地震触发关系及应力影响研究也变得更为有力。2010年3月4日和2016年2月6日台湾西南部接连发生两次M_w 6.0以上地震，分别被称为甲仙地震和美浓地震。本文利用GPS和InSAR同震形变场联合反演了甲仙地震的滑动分布模型；结合之前的研究成果，基于静态库伦应力改变对甲仙地震与美浓地震的关系进行了分析；还为台湾西南部7个主要断层构建了断层格网并获取了它们的应力改变模型。结果表明，甲仙地震的发震断层表现为逆冲倾滑兼一定走滑分量的断层。甲仙地震的主要滑动区域处于12~16 km深度之间；最大滑动量为0.61 m位于约14 km深处。本文线性反演得到的甲仙地震地震矩为2.27×10¹⁸ Nm，相当于M_w 6.20。甲仙地震后美浓地震的发震断层上应力增值达4.0 MPa，应力增加的面积约占推断断层总面积的74%，表明甲仙地震对美浓地震的发生具有十分明显地加速作用。甲仙和美浓地震共同作用下，西侧的左镇断层和新化断层产生了较明显地应力积累。根据应力改变结果，本文认为甲仙地震和美浓地震后，台湾西南部的左镇断层和新化断层都具有较高的危险性，值得持续关注和进一步研究。  相似文献