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通过对南海中部的永兴岛的太阳总辐射观测资料进行分析，得出了关于南海中部的太阳总辐射特点的一些基本结论：大气的晴空透射率约为0．75；1990年代末期，3年平均云影响了约28％的最大可能总辐射能量；总辐射年平均值约为6763．7MJ／m^2a；3—8月月平均总辐射量维持在650MJ／m^2m左右，8～12月为下降阶段，1—3月为上升阶段。 相似文献
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O_3和PM_(2.5)是影响长三角地区空气质量的主要污染物。利用2016年33个城市大气环境监测站6项污染物的小时浓度及4个省会城市的气象数据进行统计分析,研究了该地区O_3和PM_(2.5)浓度的时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:长三角地区O_3年平均浓度为50～73μg·m~(-3),平均为61μg·m~(-3);除芜湖和宣城外,其余31城市均存在不同程度的超标状况,超标率为0.34%～18.86%,平均为5.68%。O_3在5月和9月达到浓度高值;四季O_3日变化均呈单峰型,峰值出现在15∶00,夏季O_3峰值浓度最高值为157μg·m~(-3)。O_3浓度沿海城市整体高于内陆城市;夏季宿迁—淮安—滁州片区O_3污染较重。O_3与NO_2、CO显著负相关,且与NO_2相关性较强;O_3与气温、日照时数显著正相关,与相对湿度、降水呈负相关。PM_(2.5)年平均浓度在25～62μg·m~(-3)范围内,平均为49μg·m~(-3);各城市均出现PM_(2.5)超标,滁州PM_(2.5)超标率最大,为23.91%。PM_(2.5)在3月和12、1月达到浓度峰值;其日变化呈双峰型,09∶00—10∶00和22∶00—23∶00达到峰值。冬季徐州PM_(2.5)浓度最高,为102μg·m~(-3)。PM_(2.5)与NO_2、CO、SO_2、PM_(10)显著正相关,与气温、风速、降水负相关。 相似文献
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利用GPM卫星探测两个时次的资料,以1808号超强台风"玛利亚"为研究对象,分析了台风降水率、降水类型及台风高度水平分布,降水率垂直廓线变化特征,以及降水率三维结构分布特征。得出以下主要结论:两个时刻"玛利亚"均处在超强台风级,A时刻台风眼区为深厚对流区,B时刻眼区对流有所减弱,但是有强螺旋雨带出现。A、B时刻的降水率最大值与风暴顶高度并非一一对应,还与降水云系中微物理过程有关。GMI低频18.7 GHz探测的水粒子含量的大值区与强降水率对应较好,高频183.31±3 GHz探测的冰粒子信号与风暴顶高度分布一致。不同降水率对应的垂直廓线表明,降水率在5 km高度出现急剧变化,这是由于在该高度上雨滴碰并增长或者蒸发减小。从A时刻到B时刻,云墙区大于10 mm·h~(-1)的云墙半径内缩,B时刻眼壁与螺旋雨带之间存在着弱降水区及无降水区。 相似文献
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虽然采用遥感图像提取的植被指数在空间上能较好的反映作物的状况,但其不能预测植被指数在空间上的变化范围,如果能从整体上了解不同市县在不同季节的平均植被指数值,就可以对该区域整体植被状态进行量化分析,也就可以从大范围内进行植被指数的预测分析.利用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学相结合的地理统计分析模块(ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst),根据MODIS遥感数据提取的每季度不同市县平均NDVI植被指数,采用Kriging插值的方法分析了海南岛归一化植被指数(NDVI)季节性变化趋势,并 相似文献
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The spatial variation and diurnal fluctuation of sea surface wind over the Qiongzhou Strait were described using verified datasets from automatic weather stations on board a ferry, buoys, and on the coast. Results are as follows: (1) On average, sea surface wind speed is 3–4 m/s larger over the Qiongzhou Strait than in the coastal area. Sea surface wind speeds of 8.0 m/s or above (on Beaufort scale five) in the coastal area are associated with speeds 5–6 m/s greater over the surface of the Qiongzhou Strait. (2) Gust coefficients for the Qiongzhou Strait decrease along with increasing wind speeds. When coastal wind speed is less than scale five, the average gust coefficient over the sea surface is between 1.4 and 1.5; when wind speed is equal to scale five or above, the average gust coefficient is about 1.35. (3) In autumn and winter, the diurnal differences of average wind speed and wind consistency over the strait are less than those in the coastal area; when wind speed is 10.8 m/s (scale six) or above, the diurnal difference of average wind speed decreases while wind consistency increases for both the strait and the coast. 相似文献
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利用地面观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对2013年7月17-18日四川境内的区域暴雨（7.18暴雨）进行了分析,并用WRF模式对该次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟。研究表明：7.18暴雨是一次典型的低涡暴雨,其主要强降水时段发生在北京时间18日凌晨01-02时,具有明显的夜雨特征;WRF模式对夜雨的模拟效果要好于白天,这说明WRF模式对地形复杂的四川地区白天降水的模拟能力尚需进一步提高;导致7.18暴雨的中尺度低涡具有类似锋区的斜压特征,异常陡峭的θse的分布,使得倾斜不稳定涡旋发展;较强的正涡度中心大值区有利于中小尺度低涡的形成。 相似文献
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The South China Sea is a hotspot for regional climate research. Over the past 40 years, considerable im provement has been made in the development and utilization of the islands in the South China Sea, leading to a substantialchange in the land-use of the islands. However, research on the impact of human development on the local climate of theseislands is lacking. This study analyzed the characteristics of local climate changes on the islands in the South China Seabased on data from the Yongxing Island Observation Station and ERA5 re-analysis. Furthermore, the influence of urba nization on the local climate of the South China Sea islands was explored in this study. The findings revealed that the 10-year average temperature in Yongxing Island increased by approximately 1.11 °C from 1961 to 2020, and the contributionof island development and urbanization to the local warming rate over 60 years was approximately 36.2%. The linearincreasing trend of the annual hot days from 1961–2020 was approximately 14.84 days per decade. The diurnal tem perature range exhibited an increasing trend of 0.05 °C per decade, whereas the number of cold days decreased by 1.06days per decade. The rapid increase in construction on Yongxing Island from 2005 to 2021 led to a decrease in observedsurface wind speed by 0.32 m s –1 per decade. Consequently, the number of days with strong winds decreased, whereas thenumber of days with weak winds increased. Additionally, relative humidity exhibited a rapid decline from 2001 to 2016and then rebounded. The study also found substantial differences between the ERA5 re-analysis and observation data,particularly in wind speed and relative humidity, indicating that the use of re-analysis data for climate resource assessmentand climate change evaluation on island areas may not be feasible. 相似文献
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为了探讨涡旋初始化对T639L60模式热带气旋路径预报的影响程度,以1002号台风康森为个例进行数值试验,结果表明:在涡旋初始化中采用新的初始涡旋形成技术,能减小TC路径预报误差;从初始涡旋形成方案中通过改变七级风半径、涡旋外围尺度半径大小参数和有无进行涡旋强度调整方案进行敏感性试验,得到TC路径的预报对TC涡旋外围半径和TC强度较敏感,其路径会因涡旋外围半径大小和其强度的不同而有所差异。 相似文献