Climatology of the semidiurnal tide at 52–56°N from ground-based radar wind measurements 1985–1995     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1999,61(13):975-991

Long-term wind measurements carried out at 6 northern midlatitude sites (Saskatoon, Sheffield, Juliusruh, Collm, Obninsk, Kazan) are investigated to establish a climatology of the semidiurnal tide in the mesopause region for the narrow latitudinal range between 52°N and 56°N. Comparison of zonal and meridional components shows that in general the horizontal components are circularly polarized. Intercomparison of amplitudes and phases generally shows good agreement between the results from the different measuring systems. The results are compared with an empirical model of the semidiurnal tide. The longitudinal variation of the semidiurnal tide is small in summer, but the tidal amplitudes in winter are larger at Saskatoon and Kazan, compared with the results from the other sites. The possible influence of wave–tidal interaction in the stratosphere on the interannual variability of this difference is discussed.  相似文献   

基于多源资料的一次弓状强飑线成熟结构研究     

孙玉婷  李红莉  汪小康  康兆萍  肖艳姣  林建 《气象科学》2023,43(5):632-642

利用局地分析和预报系统(Local Analysis and Prediction System, LAPS),结合多源资料,分析了2018年3月4日暖区强飑线成熟阶段的热动力结构和大风形成机制。结果表明：暖区内层结不稳定范围向东扩展和强的垂直风切变,驱动飑线组织化加强并向前移动和发展。成熟阶段飑线热动力结构呈现出两支强入流和冷池的典型特征,即前侧入流在低层(0～3.0 km)辐合上升,部分气流在高层翻转流向系统前侧,无后向流出;后侧中层(4.0～5.5 km)入流进入云体后部,在水凝物强烈相变降温作用下,密度增大转而下沉;下沉气流区降雨蒸发冷却增强了雷暴冷池。相比于飑线南段单一的对流线,北段弓形特点突出,后侧入流下降,加之存在尾随层状云,有更大的潜在冷却作用,促进气流加速下沉增强地面雷暴高压,最终导致更强的极端大风。  相似文献   

我国南方西南和中东部区域两次持续性低温雨雪过程与关键环流系统的关系研究     

孙晓娟  陈跞  卢楚翰  秦育婧 《气象科学》2024,44(2):267-279

利用NCEP再分析资料和国家气象信息中心提供的753站逐日气温和降水资料,对比分析了我国南方西南和中东部区域两次持续10 d以上的低温雨雪过程,结果表明:(1)两次过程中欧亚大陆中高纬东亚大槽均加深,但环流形势有差异。西南过程呈现"北高南低"形势,关键脊区在贝加尔湖,而中东部区域过程"北高南低"和"西高东低"形势共存,关键脊区从乌拉尔山延伸至贝加尔湖。两次过程异常的环流与北大西洋向东传播的波列有关。(2)西南过程关键脊区提前过程3 d发展并东移至贝加尔湖,形成稳定形势;而中东部区域过程关键脊区提前过程一周发展,在开始日达最强。两次过程均伴随蒙古高压东移南压使地面降温,500 hPa关键脊区超前蒙古高压2 d变化。西南过程降温主要受到冷平流和绝热冷却影响,而中东部区域过程主要受到冷平流的影响。(3)西南过程水汽来自孟加拉湾,只受南支槽支配。中东部区域过程水汽来自孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋,由南支槽和西太平副热带高压的共同影响。两次过程水汽正收支主要来自南边界。  相似文献   

南亚高压区Rossby波能量向上穿越对流层顶传播的特征与机制          下载免费PDF全文

俞子闲  郭栋  李丽平  施春华  金鑫  李震坤  陈丹  林祥 《地球物理学报》2020,63(1):73-85

夏季平流层盛行强东风,Rossby波能量难以从对流层向上传播至平流层,而冬季平流层盛行西风,Rossby波能量容易上传,因此以往对Rossby波能量向平流层传播的研究多考虑冬季的情况.而事实上,因为夏季高原上空南亚高压反气旋环流,并非只有强东风存在,所以Rossby波能量也可能在南亚高压区向上传播,从而影响平流层的温度、风场及大气成分等.因此,本文利用ERA-interim逐日再分析资料,分析了1979—2015年夏季南亚高压区Rossby波能量穿越对流层顶传播的特征与机制.结果表明:Rossby波能量可以从南亚高压西北部的窗口区上传至平流层,最高可到达平流层顶,而在南亚高压的其他部分,Rossby波能量均不能穿越对流层顶上传或穿越对流层顶后无法继续上传.南亚高压西北区Rossby波能量可以穿越对流层顶传播的原因是盛行西风,且西风急流出现的频率很小,同时涡动热量通量异常引起的垂直分量的第一项对其上传有很大贡献.南亚高压东北区也盛行西风,然而Rossby波能量不能向上穿越对流层顶的原因是强西风出现频率较高,且温度脊与高度脊位相相近,不利于上传.南亚高压南部均盛行东风,在平流层中下层均为稳定层结,因此Rossby波能量很难上传.南亚高压西南区在对流层位于青藏高原环流的伊朗高原下沉区附近,层结稳定,并且温度脊超前于高度脊,所以Rossby波能量很难上传.而南亚高压东南区在对流层位于南海-西太平洋热带幅合带,层结不稳定,存在Rossby波能量较弱的上传,达到对流层顶后无法继续上传,该区域温度脊落后于高度脊的温压场配置也为Rossby波能量在对流层内的传播提供了条件.  相似文献   

2020年长江中下游地区梅汛期强降水特征及其与对流层上层斜压Rossby波的关系     

孙思远  管兆勇 《大气科学》2022,46(5):1041-1054

2020年梅汛期（6～7月）长江中下游地区发生了严峻的汛情。2020年梅雨期长度和强度均远超历史平均水平。本文利用逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和全球降水量网格数据集,研究了本次梅汛期降水特征及其与对流层上层斜压波动活动的联系。结果表明:本次梅汛期,长江中下游地区的总降水量和降水异常大值区位于安徽南部,共有7次连续的降水过程发生。长江中下游地区在对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散,且该地区上空有强的异常上升运动,有利于异常强降水的发生发展。同时,水汽自孟加拉湾和中国南海地区输送至长江中下游地区,为强降水的发生提供了充足水汽。利用小波分析研究该地区的逐日降水标准化时间序列时,发现其存在2～4天和6～14天的显著周期。高频（2～14天）扰动所显示的Rossby波动在对流层上层表现出向下游频散的特征,波动源于贝加尔湖附近。波扰动能量和通量所显示的波动向下游的传播过程与波包的传播过程较为一致,分别源于地中海和贝加尔湖附近的波扰能向东或向东南频散至长江中下游地区,有利于该地区扰动加强并进而有利于强降水的发生和维持。以上结果加深了人们对2020年超长“暴力梅”成因的认识并可为有效预测类似事件提供线索。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Madden–Julian oscillation in HiRAM          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Jiang  Lu Wang  Jiuwei Zhao  Tim Li 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(4):100194

The aim of this study was to understand the cause of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) bias in the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) driven by observed SST through process-oriented diagnosis. Wavenumber-frequency power spectrum and composite analyses indicate that HiRAM underestimates the spectral amplitude over the MJO band and mainly produces non-propagating rather than eastward-propagating intraseasonal rainfall anomalies, as observed. Column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) budget analysis is conducted to understand the MJO propagation bias in the simulation. It is found that the bias is due to the lack of a zonally asymmetric distribution of the MSE tendency anomaly in respect to the MJO convective center, which is mainly attributable to the bias in vertical MSE advection and surface turbulent flux. Further analysis suggests that it is the unrealistic simulation of MJO vertical circulation anomalies in the upper troposphere as well as overestimation of the Rossby wave response that results in the bias.摘要本研究评估了高分辨率大气环流模式HiRAM模拟的MJO. 结果表明, HiRAM模拟的MJO东传很弱. 我们通过计算整层积分的湿静力能 (MSE) 收支来诊断MJO东传模拟偏差的原因. 结果发现, MSE倾向相对于MJO对流中心的纬向非对称分布很弱是导致东传模拟偏弱的原因, 这主要是由MSE垂直平流和地表湍流通量的模拟偏差造成的. 进一步研究表明, 对流层上层MJO垂直环流结构的模拟偏差和MJO对流西侧的Rossby波环流偏强共同导致了模式的偏差. 本研究中指出的MJO传播模拟偏差的原因与之前基于多模式结果的结论不同, 这意味着要想了解特定模式的模拟偏差, 有必要对该模式进行具体分析.  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江河谷盛夏降水年际变化及其与环流的联系          下载免费PDF全文

边巴卓嘎  赤曲  周顺武  吴萍  孙阳 《大气科学学报》2022,45(3):469-479

基于近57 a （1961—2017年）西藏雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区（简称雅江河谷）4个站（拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜）盛夏（7—8月）月平均降水和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成、相关分析等统计诊断方法,分析了雅江河谷盛夏降水的年际变化特征及其与大气环流的联系。结果表明：1）近57 a雅江河谷盛夏降水无显著线性趋势,降水主要以3～4 a显著周期的年际振荡为主。2）雅江河谷盛夏降水年际波动与区域内水汽收支的变化直接相关,其中印度半岛-东南亚异常反气旋引起的水汽输送通量和水汽在高原腹地辐合上升的动力过程是盛夏降水年际变化的主要原因。3）对流层中低层印度半岛-东南亚异常反气旋环流是该地区盛夏降水年际异常的重要水汽输送通道,该通道将西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾等地水汽不断输送到高原,期间西太副高和伊朗高压等大尺度系统异常对水汽输送过程起到了重要作用,同时高原盛夏季风低压和南亚高压异常给水汽在高原腹地辐合抬升提供了动力条件。  相似文献   

Impact of terrain complexity on the turbulence drag coefficient: A case study from the Indian Himalayan region     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The aerodynamic drag coefficient (C_D) is conjectured to change (or remains almost uniform) with the horizontal wind speed (U) over a flexible (or fixed) surface element, which is represented with the surface roughness (z₀). This conjecture is tested for the near neutral atmospheric turbulence (i.e. when surface stability z/L is almost equal to 0, where z is the measurement height and L is Obukhov length) of monsoon and winter season at an on-slope and a ridge-top site in the Indian Himalaya, wherein the ridge-top site is associated with a higher degree of sensitivity to the roughness element and terrain attributes. This hypothesis is successfully verified for two conditions, (i) the monsoon period observations of ridge-top site are found to have higher z₀ due to vegetative growth than the winter period for flows having similar terrain signature, and (ii) the monsoon and winter period observations of on-slope site are noted to have similar z₀ for flows having signature of steep terrain. Subsequently, constants (i.e. a and b) of the power-law relationships between C_D and U (i.e. C_D = aU^b), as a function of z₀, are optimized. It is noted that the relationship between C_D and U has higher sensitivity towards the terrain slope than the vegetative growth.  相似文献   

A study of track deflection associated with the landfall of Tropical Cyclone Sidr (2007) over the Bay of Bengal and Bangladesh     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

In this study, the dynamics of track deflection associated with Tropical Cyclone (TC) Sidr (2007) are explored using a numerical weather prediction model. It is found that (a) the simulated track of Sidr is sensitive to flow, orographic, and model vertical structure that change the environmental steering flow leading to the track deflection. In particular, the track of TC Sidr is deflected northwestward for cases with lower domain height, horizontal domain covering only part of Himalaya mountains, and varying mountain heights; (b) the simulated track of TC Sidr, when compared with GFS reanalysis data, is mainly controlled by its deep-layer environmental steering flow as a point vortex; (c) the northwestward deflection with lower domain height is caused by an artificially larger high pressure at lower levels in the vicinity of the Himalayas, due to the upward propagation of wave energy being reflected by the upper domain boundary; (d) the significant northwestward deflection associated with the varying mountain height cases is due to the cyclone vortex being advected by the northeasterly monsoonal flow, which is blocked by the mountains in the corresponding cases with mountains; (e) the northeastward track deflection after the landfall of Sidr is explained by the addition of the frictional force.In summary, the model vertical domain height and the Himalaya mountain representation play key roles in influencing the accuracy of TC Sidr track simulation, compared with other factors, such as the vertical resolution, at least for TC Sidr.  相似文献   

Role of external forcing on the seasonal and interannual variability of mixed layer depth over the Bay of Bengal using reanalysis datasets during 1980–2015     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The monsoon reversal winds in different seasons and high influx of freshwater from various rivers make the Bay of Bengal (BoB) a unique region. Thus, the knowledge of the dynamics of the mixed layer over this region is very important to assess the climatic variation of the Indian subcontinent. A comprehensive study of the role of external forcing on the seasonal and interannual mixed layer depth (MLD) variability over the BoB is carried out for 36 years (1980–2015) using reanalysis products. A weak and strong seasonality of MLD is observed over the northern and the southern BoB (NBoB and SBoB) respectively. The partial correlation suggests that the net heat flux (Qnet) is the major contributor to the deepening of MLD over the NBoB, whereas the wind stress controls the deepening over the SBoB. The seasonal variability reveals the deepening of MLD during summer and winter monsoon and the shallowing during pre- and post-monsoon over the BoB. The relation of the interannual MLD variability and the different phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) reveals that the negative phase of IOD is associated with deeper MLD over BoB while the positive phase of IOD depicts shallower MLD. In addition, the opposing characteristic of MLD is highly prominent during October-December. This is majorly contributed by variations related to the second downwelling Kelvin and associated Rossby waves over BoB for the opposing phases of the IOD years.  相似文献