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51.
LI Yaohui SONG Lianchun ZHANG Cunjie GAO Xuejie ZHAO Jianhua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(5):13-22
A numerical study on CO2 doubling effects upon temperature and precipitation in NW China is conducted using an improved regional climate model, with the modeling data from a global climate model (Australian CSIRO R21L9) as the background. Results suggest that the doubling would lead to the rise of surface temperature in the project region, with the maximum occurring in southern Xinjiang Basin and eastern Qilian Mountains in contrast to a relatively smaller increase in northern Xinjiang and southern Shaanxi Provinces. On a seasonal basis the winter temperature warming is most pronounced while the autumn shows a relatively less signi cant rising trend. The study region experiences the greatest warming compared with other parts of the country. With CO2 content doubling, rainfall change varies from place to place in this region, with rainfall increase in the west, particularly in northern Xinjiang, in the vicinity of the Tianshan area, southwestern Qinghai, and Hexi area (west of the Yellow River of Gansu), as opposed to the eastern
portion of NW China, where precipitation decreases.
If CO2 concentration is doubled, most of the study region would receive more rainfall in spring, implying that spring drought would be alleviated while its eastern part would see varying-degree decreased precipitation in the other three seasons, especially in summer, suggesting that drought there would be intensified in summer and autumn, thereby exerting major influence on rain-fed agriculture there. 相似文献
52.
Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Spring Precipitation Days in Eastern Northwest China and Their Responses to the Intensity of Surface Heat-Field in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 
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下载免费PDF全文 With spring precipitation-day data at 104 meteorological observation stations in eastern Northwest China from 1960 to 2000, and by EOF and REOF analysis, the spatio-temporal characteristics of precipitation-day anomalies in the eastern part of Northwest China in spring were studied. The results show that two centers of high-precipitation days lie in the southeast side of Qilian Mountains and northern Sichuan, respectively. And there are two kinds of spatial anomaly distributions, which are the consistent anomaly and east-west reverse anomaly, the former increases and the latter decreases gradually. In addition, this region can be divided into seven climate sections and in the Tibetan Plateau, precipitation days have a tendency of increasing,but in other places decreasing. When the intensity of surface heat-field changes more strongly during winter in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the rain days, in the next spring, along the Qilian Mountains, centre of Gansu Province, and the northeastern Longdong, are obviously more than that of normal years, and the rainy centre is mainly located at the mid-western of Qilian Mountains and the centre of Gansu Province. 相似文献
53.
黄河源区是三江源自然保护区的重要组成部分,在全球气候变暖和日趋频繁的人类活动的共同影响下,黄河源区的生态结构受到严重干扰。通过对黄河源区域生态与自然环境演变特征研究进展的概括总结,从生态系统和物理环境2个方面归纳了黄河源区主要的生态环境问题：（1）植被、冻土和湿地生态系统不断退化;（2）气候暖干化、径流变化、土壤侵蚀、土壤沙漠化、土壤碳流失、鼠害和人为影响加剧。根据面临的生态环境问题提出了区域生态与自然环境保护的相应对策和建议：形成完善的生态补偿机制;加强生态环境保护立法;建立统一的监督管理机构;建立有效的执法队伍;划分功能区;发展生态旅游;强化全社会的环保意识。 相似文献
54.
西北地区MODIS气溶胶产品的对比应用分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用气溶胶自动监测网（AERONET）的太阳光度计（CE-318）资料,对2003-2010年西北干旱半干旱区MODIS暗像元算法和深蓝算法2种气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）产品进行对比验证,在此基础上进一步研究了该区域AOD的空间分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明,MODIS暗像元算法AOD产品在半干旱区原生植被覆盖地表精度优于深蓝算法,而西北干旱区荒漠地表深蓝算法产品精度较高。Aqua—MODIS深蓝算法AOD产品能够较好地给出我国西北荒漠亮地表地区AOD的分布及季节变化情况,AOD高值区多分布在沙尘源区,且春季AOD最大。2003～2010年,塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地和柴达木盆地年均AOD分别在0．5、0．4和0．3附近波动;沙尘区各区域年均AOD大多呈现增加趋势。其中,塔里木盆地AOD增加趋势较大,而内蒙古西部和准噶尔盆地呈现微弱减少趋势。 相似文献
55.
Remote Sensing Retrieval of Optical Character of Cloud and Distribution of Cloud Water in Qilian Mountains 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By using MODIS data from Terra and Aqua satellite, 6-h precipitation data of 18 cases from 2002 to 2005, applying 6S model and Mie model, some parameters including optical thickness of cloud, efficient radius of cloud particle, and content of liquid water are retrieved, the interspace of which is also analyzed by combining with GIS software. Then the relation of all those parameters and 6-h precipitation are analyzed.The results show that there is difference between distribution of the optics thickness and efficient radius of cloud particle, which is influenced by terrain. The largest value on the southern mountains is less than 4300 m, which means there is rich cloud water in the region. There is positive correlation between precipitation and three parameters;precipitation probability is large when optical thickness is changed from 8 to 20; efficient radius of cloud particle is changed from 6 to 12 μm and content of liquid water is more than 0.04 g m-3. In Qilian Mountains content of liquid water is higher than 0.15 g-m-3 at 4300 m and it means that there is large potential to exploit cloud water. 相似文献
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57.
分析了河西走廊1980~2010年一日大风持续时间的气候特征。结果表明:河西走廊一日大风平均和最长持续时间的空间分布特征与大风日数基本一致,总体上自东向西、自南向北增多,且随海拔高度的升高而增多。全区年大风平均持续时间在7~207 min之间,平均为65 min。大风一日最长持续时间是1 390 min。酒泉市大部、永昌、民勤和乌鞘岭年大风平均和最长持续时间偏长,其余地方偏短。各季大风平均和最长持续时间,春季最长、冬季次长、夏季最短、秋季次短。年一日大风持续时间的频率为偏态分布,在0~2 h的累积频率为0.67。风速偏小站大风的持续时间基本为0~12 h,风速偏大站大风的持续时间在12~24 h,这说明风速越大,大风的持续时间越长。 相似文献
58.
河西走廊位于我国西北干旱半干旱区,由于自然环境的变化和人为因素的影响,生态环境脆弱,沙漠化严重。随着遥感和GIS的发展,为沙漠化研究提供了有效的途径。利用2002和2008年6～8月的MODIS数据（空间分辨率为1 km）,采用改进型土壤调节植被指数（MSAVI）、地表反照率（ALBEDO）、陆地表面温度（LST）、植被覆盖度（FAVI）和温度植被旱情指数（TVDI）作为沙漠化程度的指标,对河西地区沙漠化特征进行了研究。结果表明：河西地区荒漠化土地面积较大,占总面积的50%以上。2008年的荒漠化土地面积比2002年减少了6 431.64 km2,非荒漠化土地和轻度荒漠化土地面积增加,分别增加了2.55%和0.26%;中度、重度和极重度荒漠化土地减小,分别减小了1.40%、1.09%和0.31%。荒漠化的逆转速度大于发展速度,呈现整体逆转,局部发展的趋势。研究区荒漠化土地以轻度荒漠化为主,2002年和2008年分别占23.64%和23.90%;其次为中度,分别为18.47%和17.07%;重度所占比例分别为12.71%和11.62%;极重度所占比例很小,不到1%。降雨和风速对沙漠化的逆转起主要作用,2008年的降水比2002年多,风速小。 相似文献
59.
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component in the hydrological cycle. However, its actual values appear to be difficult to obtain, especially in areas in which precipitation has high inter‐annual variability. Here, we evaluated eight commonly used ET models in semi‐arid and semi‐humid areas of China. The order of overall performance from best to worst is as follows: the revised Priestley–Taylor model (PT‐JPL, 0.71, 1.65 [18.37%], 4.72 [49.19%]) a a Statistics (model abbreviation, coefficient of determination, bias [relative value], standard deviation [relative value]).
, the modified PT‐JPL model (M1‐PT‐JPL, 0.67, ?0.68 [7.56%], 3.87 [40.31%]), the Community Land Model (CLM, 0.68, ?2.52 [28.01%], 5.10 [53.17%]), the modified PT‐JPL model (M2‐PT‐JPL, 0.63, 0.57 [6.27%], 5.04 [52.52%]), the revised Penman–Monteith model (RS‐PM, 0.62, 3.56 [37.40%], 6.11 [63.68%]), an empirical model (Wang, 0.59, ?1.04 [11.57%], 5.61 [58.43%]), the advection‐aridity model (AA, 0.55, 5.56 [61.78%], 7.45 [77.60%]), and the energy balance model (SEBS, 0.35, 5.11 [56.72%], 9.43 [98.18%]). The performance of all of the models is comparably poor in winter and summer, except for the PT‐JPL model, and relatively good in spring and autumn. Because of the vegetation control on ET, the Wang, RS‐PM, PT‐JPL, M1‐PT‐JPL, and M2‐PT‐JPL models perform better for cropland, whereas the AA model, SEBS model and CLM perform better for grassland. The CLM, PT‐JPL, and Wang models perform better in semi‐arid region than in semi‐humid region, whereas the opposite is true for SEBS and RS‐PM. The AA, M1‐PT‐JPL, and M2‐PT‐JPL models perform similarly in semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions. When considering the inter‐annual variability in precipitation, the Wang model has relatively good performance under only some annual precipitation conditions; the performance of the PT‐JPL and AA models is reduced under conditions of high precipitation; the two modified PT‐JPL models inherited the steady performance of the PT‐JPL model and improved the performance under conditions of high annual precipitation by the modification of the soil moisture constraint. RS‐PM is more appropriate for humid conditions. CLM and PT‐JPL models could be effectively applied to all precipitation conditions because of their good performance across a wide annual precipitation range. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
, the modified PT‐JPL model (M1‐PT‐JPL, 0.67, ?0.68 [7.56%], 3.87 [40.31%]), the Community Land Model (CLM, 0.68, ?2.52 [28.01%], 5.10 [53.17%]), the modified PT‐JPL model (M2‐PT‐JPL, 0.63, 0.57 [6.27%], 5.04 [52.52%]), the revised Penman–Monteith model (RS‐PM, 0.62, 3.56 [37.40%], 6.11 [63.68%]), an empirical model (Wang, 0.59, ?1.04 [11.57%], 5.61 [58.43%]), the advection‐aridity model (AA, 0.55, 5.56 [61.78%], 7.45 [77.60%]), and the energy balance model (SEBS, 0.35, 5.11 [56.72%], 9.43 [98.18%]). The performance of all of the models is comparably poor in winter and summer, except for the PT‐JPL model, and relatively good in spring and autumn. Because of the vegetation control on ET, the Wang, RS‐PM, PT‐JPL, M1‐PT‐JPL, and M2‐PT‐JPL models perform better for cropland, whereas the AA model, SEBS model and CLM perform better for grassland. The CLM, PT‐JPL, and Wang models perform better in semi‐arid region than in semi‐humid region, whereas the opposite is true for SEBS and RS‐PM. The AA, M1‐PT‐JPL, and M2‐PT‐JPL models perform similarly in semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions. When considering the inter‐annual variability in precipitation, the Wang model has relatively good performance under only some annual precipitation conditions; the performance of the PT‐JPL and AA models is reduced under conditions of high precipitation; the two modified PT‐JPL models inherited the steady performance of the PT‐JPL model and improved the performance under conditions of high annual precipitation by the modification of the soil moisture constraint. RS‐PM is more appropriate for humid conditions. CLM and PT‐JPL models could be effectively applied to all precipitation conditions because of their good performance across a wide annual precipitation range. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
60.
气候变暖背景下祁连山区春季积雨云变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用祁连山区及其周边26个气象观测站1961-2005年春季云形状和气温观测资料,采用线性趋势分析、小波分析等方法,分析了祁连山区春季积雨云出现频率的空间分布与时间变化特征,探讨了与气候变暖的关系,并选用同期NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料,对祁连山区春季积雨云的环流特征进行分析。结果表明:① 祁连山区春季积雨云出现频率在20%～24%,为河西走廊和柴达木盆地的3～6倍,山区东、南侧多于西、北侧,与该区大气水汽含量分布呈现相一致。② 近45年来,祁连山区春季平均气温增温0.9 ℃,气温变化经历了低—高—低—高的4个变化阶段,气温变化的倾向率为0.18 ℃/10a。③ 近45年来,祁连山区春季积雨云出现频率与同期气温变化反相,经历了多—少—多—少4个变化阶段,总体呈弱的减少趋势,倾向率为0.2%/10a。④ 在25a时间尺度上,祁连山区春季气温和积雨云出现频率为反相位变化结构为主,表明在长期气候变化上,气温偏低时期对应积雨云出现偏多时期,气温偏高时期对应积雨云出现偏少时期。⑤ 祁连山区春季积雨云偏多与偏少年在欧亚500 hPa环流场上存在明显的差异,积雨云出现频次的多少是对欧亚500 hPa环流异常的响应。 相似文献