S'Ker Formation: a new Hauterivian-Barremian stratigraphic unit in western Iraq     

《Cretaceous Research》1989,10(3):267-270

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CINRAD/SAD双偏振雷达非降水回波识别技术          下载免费PDF全文

张林  李峰  吴蕾  孙康远 《应用气象学报》2022,33(6):724-735

双偏振雷达观测特征参量(如相关系数、差分反射率等)能有效抑制地物、超折射、电磁干扰、海浪和晴空等非降水回波。在上海南汇WSR-88D双偏振雷达非降水回波识别算法基础上,对我国升级布网且纳入业务运行的CINRAD/SAD双偏振雷达数据进行算法测试、算法模块适应性改进,利用江苏、广东的双偏振雷达观测冰雹、融化层、台风降水及各种杂波个例进行算法检验评估,并在组网拼图中展示质量控制效果。结果表明:总体上算法对非降水回波的识别准确率达到95.2%,降水回波的误判率为2.6%。但对夏秋季节夜晚的大面积晴空回波算法识别准确率低于90%,有待尝试利用深度学习方法改进。  相似文献   

城市气象研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

苗世光  蒋维楣  梁萍  刘红年  王雪梅  谈建国  张宁  李炬  杜吴鹏  裴琳 《气象学报》2020,78(3):477-499

中国数十年来在城市气象研究这一新兴学科领域开展了大量研究并获得了多方面的丰硕成果。文中从城市气象观测网与观测试验、城市气象多尺度模式、城市气象与大气环境相互影响、城市化对天气气候的影响等4个方面论述了城市气象的主要研究进展:中国各大城市已建立或正在完善具有多平台、多变量、多尺度、多重链接、多功能等特点的城市气象综合观测网;北京、南京、上海等地开展了大型城市气象观测科学试验,被世界气象组织列入研究示范项目;成功开展了风洞实验、缩尺度外场实验研究;建立了多尺度城市气象和空气质量预报数值模式,并应用于业务;在城市热岛效应、城市对降水影响、城市气象与城市规划、城市化对区域气候及空气质量的影响、城市气象与大气环境相互作用等研究领域取得长足进展。最后指出,未来需要重点从新观测技术及观测资料同化应用、城市系统模式研究、城市化对天气气候的影响机理、城市化对大气环境和人体健康的影响、城市水文气象气候与环境综合服务等方面开展科学研究与应用,为中国城市化、生态文明建设、防灾减灾和应对气候变化等国家需求提供科技支撑。   相似文献   

Decadal long convection-permitting regional climate simulations over eastern China: evaluation of diurnal cycle of precipitation     

Ziyue Guo  Juan Fang  Xuguang Sun  Jie Tang  Yi Yang  Jianping Tang 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(3):1329-1349

With a decadal long period (1998–2010) climate simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at convection-permitting resolution (4 km) (WRF_CPM), the diurnal cycles of precipitation amount (PA), frequency (PF) and intensity (PI) and their related large-scale atmospheric circulations over eastern China are analyzed. The simulations are further compared against the CN05.1, CMORPH v1.0 and the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERAIN). Results show that WRF_CPM can reasonably represent the observed seasonal rainfall and the atmospheric circulations. As for the features at a sub-daily scale, WRF_CPM is superior at reproducing the diurnal amplitude of PF that is similar to PA in terms of the spatial distribution. Moreover, the diurnal peak timing of summer PF and PA over the three sub-regions, i.e., North China (NC), Yangtze-Huaihe River basin (YHR) and South China (SC), can be properly reproduced by WRF_CPM. The observed precipitation systems exhibit obvious eastward propagation from the Plateau to its downstream, which may be due to the solenoid circulations associated with the low-level anomalous wind and moisture convergence. However, they are almost overestimated by WRF_CPM and in turn causing overestimated precipitation along YHR. The early morning precipitation in WRF_CPM has a larger fraction than CMORPH, which is related to the overestimated nocturnal low-level jet. Whereas, due to the solar heating and the land-sea breezes, the late-afternoon precipitation peak is mainly located along the coasts of eastern China, which matches well with the vertical motion in WRF_CPM.  相似文献   

淮北地区不同类型暴雨雨滴谱特征及其Z-R关系研究     

张庆池  刘端阳  武艳  吕翔  朱丽  刘子贺 《气象学报》2022,80(6):967-985

选取2017—2020年淮北地区夏季雨滴谱观测资料对低槽型、副热带高压边缘型、冷涡影响型和台风型4种类型暴雨的雨滴谱进行分析。研究表明淮北地区降水主要以层状云为主,而对总降水贡献率大的却是对流云降水。不同类型暴雨微物理量同样存在差异,低槽型、台风型暴雨的粒子数浓度较大,副热带高压边缘型和冷涡影响型各种特征直径比其他两类大。分析不同尺度雨滴粒子与雨强的关系,小雨滴数浓度占比超过60%,但对雨强起主要贡献的是中粒子,不同类型暴雨的差异主要是由小雨滴和大雨滴对雨强贡献率的差异造成的;并且随着雨强的增大,小雨滴的贡献率逐渐降低,大雨滴增大。不同雨强档下的雨滴谱分布基本呈单峰型,随着雨强增大各尺度档粒子数浓度升高,谱宽增大,斜率逐渐减小;当雨强增大时质量平均直径（D_m）-标准化参数（lgN_W）分布趋于集中,D_m和lgN_W的平均值分别为1.15 mm和3.79 mm?1m?3;通过Γ分布拟合发现,低槽型和台风型暴雨谱分布参数的平均值和标准差大于另外两类;除标准化参数的偏度为负值外,其余各参数的偏度均为正值;不同类型暴雨谱型-斜率（μ-Λ）及反射率因子-雨强（Z-R）略有差异。研究得出的淮北地区暴雨Z-R关系为Z=164.4R1.42,相比之下,目前雷达系统采用的标准关系式低估了淮北地区暴雨降水量,尤其在评估低槽型和台风型暴雨时误差较大。   相似文献   

基于EOF的高时空分辨率自动站温度观测资料质量控制          下载免费PDF全文

邵宇行  秦正坤  李昕 《大气科学学报》2022,45(4):603-615

随着我国气象自动化观测技术的发展,全国已经建成了70 000多个自动观测站点,全面实现了气象观测自动化。自动化观测技术使得气象常规观测资料量得到了飞速增长,这也使得通过质量控制提高自动观测站资料的利用率尤为重要。利用江苏省气象局提供的2019年12月1日00时—7日23时共168个时次的地面自动站温度观测资料,及ECWMF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)的ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis V5)再分析资料中的温度格点资料作为背景场,结合常规质量控制方法及EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function)质量控制方法,建立了适用于高时空密度的地面温度资料质量控制方法,并对我国中东部地面自动站温度观测资料进行质量控制试验。结果表明,在利用常规质量控制方法剔除观测资料中明显异常的资料后,针对自动站高密度的特点,通过选择合适的分析区域,EOF分析方法可以很好提取有组织的观测系统信息,从而保证剩余信息更好地满足随机分布特点,利用随机概率分布特点就可以很好剔除异常观测资料,并且可以避免天气变化的影响。  相似文献   

Fidelity of Regional Climate Model v4.6 in capturing seasonal and subseasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Climate modeling studies in the context of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) variability have usually been performed on the seasonal and interannual timescales. The present study assesses the fidelity of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM v4.6) in capturing the subseasonal active and break spells along with the seasonal mean rainfall during the ISM season. The model fields are obtained from 24 years (1982–2005) of simulation and validated against the observations and latest reanalyzed ERA5 data products. Our analysis indicates that RegCM v4.6 fairly captures the large scale features of ISM and improvement in seasonal rainfall is noted as compared to its precedent RegCM v4.4. At subseasonal timescales, though the model captures the active and break spells of ISM, the length and frequency of these events seem inconsistent as compared to the observations. Occurrences of breaks and associated circulation features are mostly consistent but the active spells are significantly misconstrued in the model. The dry air intrusion from the western region and lack of monsoon low over the mainland and Bay of Bengal seem to suppress the precipitation in the model. This subseasonal bias might persist due to systematic errors linked to the lack of ocean coupling, inefficiency of land surface and cumulus parameterization schemes in the model. Overall, RegCM v4.6 offers improvements at seasonal timescale but needs further improvements to realistically represent the subseasonal variability of ISM.  相似文献   

Improving long-lead seasonal forecasts of precipitation over Southern China based on statistical downscaling using BCC_CSM1.1m     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Long-lead precipitation forecasts for 1–4 seasons ahead are usually difficult in dynamical climate models due to the model deficiencies and the limited persistence of initial signals. But, these forecasts could be empirically improved by statistical approaches. In this study, to improve the seasonal precipitation forecast over the southern China (SC), the statistical downscaling (SD) models are built by using the predictors of atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST) simulated by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1 m (BCC_CSM1.1 m). The different predictors involved in each SD model is selected based on both its close relationship with the target seasonal precipitation and its reasonable prediction skill in the BCC_CSM1.1 m. Cross and independent validations show the superior performance of the SD models, relative to the BCC_CSM1.1 m. The temporal correlation coefficient of SD models could reach > 0.4, exceeding the 95 % confidence level. The SC precipitation index can be much better forecasted by the SD models than by the BCC_CSM1.1 m in terms of the interannual variability. In addition, the errors of the precipitation forecast in all four seasons are significantly reduced over most of SC in the SD models. For the 2015/2016 strong El Niño event, the SD models outperform the dynamical BCC_CSM1.1 m model on the spatial and regional-average precipitation anomalies, mostly due to the effective SST predictor in the SD models and the weak response of the SC precipitation to El Niño-related SST anomalies in the BCC_CSM1.1 m.  相似文献   

Impact of land surface roughness on downslope windstorm modelling in the Arctic     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The article considers the reasons for the underestimation of the wind speed by the WRF-ARW model when simulating downslope windstorms in the Russian Arctic. Simulation results for the Tiksi windstorm, for which sensitivity tests were carried out, appeared to be weakly dependent on the initial and boundary conditions, topography resolution, and boundary layer parameterization. Wind speed underestimation was mostly related to improper land use and the highly overestimated roughness length, which are used in the model. Reduction of the roughness length in accordance with the observations leads not only to a quantitative change in the wind speed in the boundary layer, but to qualitative changes in the dynamics of the flow. Wind underestimation in simulations with the overestimated roughness was caused by the jet stream unrealistically jumping over the lee slope and wake formation in the station area, while jet stream stayed near the surface and propagated to the station area in simulations with the modified roughness length. Modification of land use and roughness length in Tiksi and other regions where downslope windstorms are observed (Novaya Zemlya, Pevek, Wrangel Island) led to a decrease in wind speed modelling error by more than 2.5 times.  相似文献   

2014年11月上旬西北太平洋一次极端强度爆发气旋的数值模拟和分片位涡反演分析     

姜立智  傅慎明  孙建华  刘靓珂  沈新勇 《气候与环境研究》2019,24(2):152-168

基于NCEP 6 h一次,0.5°（纬度）×0.5°（经度）水平分辨率的GFS（Global Forecasting System）再分析数据,利用数值模式WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）,对2014年11月上旬西北太平洋一次极端强度的爆发气旋事件进行了模拟。在成功复制爆发气旋主要特征的基础上,较详细的分析了本次爆发气旋快速发展的有利环境条件,并利用分片位涡反演的方法,对此次爆发气旋的快速发展过程进行了研究,主要结论如下:（1）本次爆发气旋的爆发性发展阶段维持了约27 h,其最大加深率约为3.98 Bergeron（气旋加深率单位）,最低中心气压约为919.2 hPa。（2）爆发气旋的快速发展与对流层高层高空急流对热量的输送,对流层中层西风带短波槽槽前暖平流和正涡度平流的有利准地转强迫,以及对流层低层暖锋伴随的暖平流过程密切相关。（3）分片位涡反演的结果表明,对流层顶皱褶对应的平流层大值位涡下传和降水凝结潜热过程造成的正位涡异常是本次爆发气旋快速发展的主导因子,而对流层低层的斜压过程贡献相对较小。在气旋爆发期的前期和强盛期,降水凝结潜热释放是爆发气旋发展的最重要因子,而在爆发期后期,随着降水的减弱和爆发气旋的东北向移动,对流层顶皱褶作用所造成的正位涡异常成为维持气旋快速发展的最有利因子。  相似文献