The effect of the temporal resolution of the wind forcing on a central Mediterranean Sea model     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The impact of the wind forcing temporal resolution in the central Mediterranean Sea is addressed using a numerical ocean circulation model. The model uses interactive surface fluxes based on the ERA-Interim 6-hourly atmospheric reanalyses except for the 10 m wind for which ERA5 hourly reanalyses are used. Additional temporal resolution (2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) wind sets are deduced from the ERA5 hourly data. An ensemble of simulations (six members) is then performed where only the temporal resolution of the wind forcing is changed. The impact of the temporal resolution is studied based on this set of simulations. The dependence of the surface wind stress and heat flux on the wind resolution is derived based on an analytical expression where the Weibull distribution is used to characterise the probability density function of the wind speed. Results from the analytical model are found close to those from the numerical model when a linear increase of the exchange coefficients with the wind speed is considered. Power input into the sea and surface heat loss both increase with the increase of the temporal resolution but at lower rates when approaching hourly forcing values. The increase of the latent heat loss at these high resolutions is small (~−0.8 Wm^-2) but still important, around 10–20% the Mediterranean basin heat budget (−5 to −7 Wm^-2). The increase of the wind forcing temporal resolution decreases the sea surface temperature (SST) and increases the sea surface salinity (SSS) with largest values in the shallow area of the Gulf of Gabès (eastern coast of Tunisia). A decrease of SSS is however noticed in some areas mainly northwest of the Tunisia coast. Hydrographical changes are also found in the Tunisia-Sicily channel. They are characterised by mesoscale structures with no remarkable change of the major water veins.  相似文献   

Changes in extended boreal summer tropical cyclogenesis associated with large-scale flow patterns over the western North Pacific in response to the global warming hiatus     

Zhao  Kai  Zhao  Haikun  Raga  Graciela B.  Yoshida  Ryuji  Wang  Weiqiang  Klotzbach  Philip J. 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(1-2):515-535

Climate Dynamics - This study examines extended boreal summer (May–October) tropical cyclogenesis events (TCGEs) associated with large-scale flow patterns (LFPs) over the western North...  相似文献   

Optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode over the North China Plain in December 2016     

Yu Zheng  Huizheng Che  Leiku Yang  Jing Chen  Yaqiang Wang  Xiangao Xia  Hujia Zhao  Hong Wang  Deying Wang  Ke Gui  Linchang An  Tianze Sun  Jie Yu  Xiang Kuang  Xin Li  Enwei Sun  Dapeng Zhao  Dongsen Yang  Zengyuan Guo  Tianliang Zhao  Xiaoye Zhang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(6):1045-1061

The optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode from 15 to 22 December 2016 over Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo in the North China Plain were analyzed based on the ground-based and satellite data, meteorological observations, and atmospheric environmental monitoring data. The aerosol optical depth at 500 nm was < 0.30 and increased to > 1.4 as the haze pollution developed. The Ångström exponent was > 0.80 for most of the study period. The daily single-scattering albedo was > 0.85 over all of the North China Plain on the most polluted days and was > 0.97 on some particular days. The volumes of fine and coarse mode particles during the haze event were approximately 0.05–0.21 and 0.01–0.43 μm³, respectively—that is, larger than those in the time without haze. The daily absorption aerosol optical depth was about 0.01–0.11 in Beijing, 0.01–0.13 in Shijiazhuang, and 0.01–0.04 in Jiaozuo, and the average absorption Ångström exponent varied between 0.6 and 2.0. The aerosol radiative forcing at the bottom of the atmosphere varied from –23 to –227,–34 to –199, and –29 to –191 W m^–2 for the whole haze period, while the aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere varied from –4 to –98, –10 to –51, and –21 to –143 W m^–2 in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo, respectively. Satellite observations showed that smoke, polluted dust, and polluted continental components of aerosols may aggravate air pollution during haze episodes. The analysis of the potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory showed that the contribution from local emissions and pollutants transport from upstream areas were 190–450 and 100–410 μg m^–3, respectively.  相似文献   

Prediction of primary climate variability modes at the Beijing Climate Center   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Hong-Li Ren  Fei-Fei Jin  Lianchun Song  Bo Lu  Ben Tian  Jinqing Zuo  Ying Liu  Jie Wu  Chongbo Zhao  Yu Nie  Peiqun Zhang  Jin Ba  Yujie Wu  Jianghua Wan  Yuping Yan  Fang Zhou 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(1):204-223

Climate variability modes, usually known as primary climate phenomena, are well recognized as the most important predictability sources in subseasonal–interannual climate prediction. This paper begins by reviewing the research and development carried out, and the recent progress made, at the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) in predicting some primary climate variability modes. These include the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO), on global scales, as well as the sea surface temperature (SST) modes in the Indian Ocean and North Atlantic, western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), and the East Asian winter and summer monsoons (EAWM and EASM, respectively), on regional scales. Based on its latest climate and statistical models, the BCC has established a climate phenomenon prediction system (CPPS) and completed a hindcast experiment for the period 1991–2014. The performance of the CPPS in predicting such climate variability modes is systematically evaluated. The results show that skillful predictions have been made for ENSO, MJO, the Indian Ocean basin mode, the WPSH, and partly for the EASM, whereas less skillful predictions were made for the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and North Atlantic SST Tripole, and no clear skill at all for the AO, subtropical IOD, and EAWM. Improvements in the prediction of these climate variability modes with low skill need to be achieved by improving the BCC’s climate models, developing physically based statistical models as well as correction methods for model predictions. Some of the monitoring/prediction products of the BCC-CPPS are also introduced in this paper.  相似文献   

一次梅雨锋暴雨的边界层热通量输送与湍流动能收支分析     

马铮  沈新勇  黄文彦  李小凡  冯涛 《气象科学》2017,37(6):753-765

利用中尺度WRF模式对于2007年7月一次典型的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了高分辨率数值模拟,对于边界层内的热通量输送和湍流动能的时空变化特征,以及湍流动能各收支项的分布及变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,降水发生时段内边界层热通量和湍流动能的时空分布特征与晴空日变化特征表现出显著不同,潜热通量随高度自下而上呈现"正—负—正"的分布,感热通量以负值为主,负值中心高度与潜热通量由负转正的高度相对应,湍流动能的发展高度与持续时间都有所增加,降水区近地面湍流动能弱于其他区域,但是在468 m以上高度则显著强于其他区域。降水区湍流动能的来源主要是平均风切变所产生的机械湍流,浮力作用与粘性耗散在降水期间消耗湍流动能,湍流输送作用将低层的湍流动能输送至较高的高度,使低层减小而高层增大,临界高度与湍流动能的大值中心高度对应。  相似文献   

Assessment of the GPM and TRMM Precipitation Products Using the Rain Gauge Network over the Tibetan Plateau   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sijia Zhang  Donghai Wang  Zhengkun Qin  Yaoyao Zheng  Jianping Guo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(2):324-336

Using high-quality hourly observations from national-level ground-based stations, the satellite-based rainfall products from both the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and its predecessor, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), are statistically evaluated over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with an emphasis on the diurnal variation. The results indicate that: (1) the half-hourly IMERG rainfall product can explicitly describe the diurnal variation over the TP, but with discrepancies in the timing of the greatest precipitation intensity and an overestimation of the maximum rainfall intensity over the whole TP. In addition, the performance of IMERG on the hourly timescale, in terms of the correlation coefficient and relative bias, is different for regions with sea level height below or above 3500 m; (2) the IMERG products, having higher correlation and lower root-mean-square error, perform better than the TMPA products on the daily and monthly timescales; and (3) the detection ability of IMERG is superior to that of TMPA, as corroborated by a higher Hanssen and Kuipers score, a higher probability of detection, a lower false alarm ratio, and a lower bias. Compared to TMPA, the IMERG products ameliorate the overestimation across the TP. In conclusion, GPM IMERG is superior to TRMM TMPA over the TP on multiple timescales.  相似文献   

诱发四川冕宁“6.26”山洪灾害的突发性暴雨特征及其形成机制     

陈博宇  谌芸  孙继松  陈涛  陈朝平  胡宁 《大气科学》2023,47(1):1-19

基于多源观测、再分析和对流可分辨模式预报资料,运用物理量诊断、标准化异常、相似过程比较等方法,分析了2020年6月26日四川冕宁突发性暴雨过程的特征和形成机制。结果表明：（1）该过程是一次伴有多条带状γ中尺度对流系统、“列车效应”产生极端小时雨量的局地突发性暴雨过程,其对流回波质心较低,对流云团具有中尺度对流复合体云团特征;（2）冕宁北部的对流冷池出流与较强的谷地偏南气流相遇形成的辐合抬升构成了对流的触发机制;（3）川西南低空偏南气流具有阶段性增强特征并提供了持续的暖湿空气输送,其在过程初期与下山冷池的相互作用及后期与盆地西部南下冷空气的汇合,使对流反复在冕宁站西侧和南侧初生,并在下游形成“列车效应”;（4）对比历史相似过程,环境大气的对流有效位能等物理量具有更显著的异常和异常持续性;（5）川西南北部的高海拔地形对延缓冷空气进入安宁河谷和维持河谷内的不稳定层结有显著作用,并且该区域地形强迫抬升形成了河谷上游地区潜在的对流触发条件。最后给出了此次暴雨过程形成机制的概念模型。  相似文献   

2020年江苏省梅雨异常及暴雨日气候特征分析     

陈蔚  金小霞  刘梅  杨华栋 《气象科学》2023,43(3):345-357

利用ERA5再分析资料和江苏省自动站降水数据等,结合江苏地区入、出梅标准,分析了2020年江苏省梅雨的时空分布异常特征,从梅雨特征量和大尺度环流因子等特征,揭示了梅雨异常的关键因子,并对暴雨日的大尺度环流特征进行合成分析,得到影响梅汛期暴雨的关键环流因子。结果表明:(1)2020年江苏省梅雨时空分布显著异常,入梅早、出梅晚,梅期达51 d,比常年平均多出一倍;沿江以南和沿淮东部地区梅雨总量为常年平均的2.5倍;梅汛期共15个暴雨日,强降水持续时间长,区域范围大,整体雨强大。(2)梅雨特征量较好的反映了江苏省梅雨的入出梅时间,当特征量显著增强北抬对梅雨期的开始有较好指示意义,当特征量再次北抬,则梅雨季结束,各特征量均呈现一致的时间变化特征。特征量在梅雨期间的异常波动均与暴雨过程相对应,2020年梅雨特征量的多个异常高值中心反映了梅雨期暴雨过程频繁、降水极端性强的特征。(3)梅雨期间大尺度环流形势异常,西太平洋副热带高压呈显著正异常,强度偏强,脊点偏西,引导其西北侧的西南暖湿气流向江淮地区输送,同时北方位势高度偏低,东北冷涡强度略偏强,浅槽活动频繁,携弱冷空气南下与暖湿气流交汇,形成稳定维持的梅雨锋,是超强梅雨形成的主要环流因子(4)印度洋和孟加拉湾、西北太平洋是江苏省梅汛期暴雨的重要水汽源地,通过强烈的西南风,将暖湿气流向长江下游地区输送,配合上空的强烈辐合抬升运动,导致该地区水汽积聚并稳定维持,有利于出现梅汛期暴雨天气。  相似文献   

格点降水资料在中国东部夏季降水变率研究中的适用性   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

姜贵祥  孙旭光 《气象科学》2016,36(4):448-456

本文使用1951~2010年PREC、CRU、APHRO和GPCC 4种格点降水资料,通过比较其与中国756站点观测降水资料在中国东部(105°E以东)夏季降水变率中的差异,检验和评估了它们的可靠性和适用性。结果表明:中国东部夏季降水变率的前3个主要模态分别是以江淮流域、长江流域和华北与东北南部为核心的经向多中心分布,有明显的年际和年代际变率特征,且干旱特征较洪涝更明显;长江流域夏季降水异常的主周期为3~7 a和20~50 a,而江淮流域和华北地区夏季降水异常的主周期则为准2 a和准10 a。另外,长江与江淮流域和华南地区分别在1970s末和1990s初发生了显著的年代际转变;4种格点降水资料都能很好地再现中国东部夏季降水的时空变率特征,但由于GPCC格点降水资料是基于更多的基站观测和更精细复杂的质量控制方案得到的,因此它具有更高的可靠性。  相似文献   

Seasonal variability of air-sea fluxes in two contrasting basins of the North Indian Ocean     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Latent Heat Flux (LHF) and Sensible Heat Flux (SHF) are the two important parameters in air-sea interactions and hence have significant implications for any coupled ocean-atmospheric model. These two fluxes are conventionally computed from met-ocean parameters using bulk aerodynamic formulations; or the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk flux algorithms. Here COARE 3.5 algorithm is used to estimate the heat flux from two Ocean Moored Buoy Network for northern Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoy met-ocean observations in Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The AS and BoB are two ocean basins which are situated in same latitudinal range, but experience drastically differing in their met-ocean conditions, especially during the monsoon seasons. In this study, we have computed and compared the LHF and SHF at two different buoy locations in the AS and BoB and analysed their variability during three different seasons from November 2012 to September 2013. Additionally, 20 years (1998–2017) of Objectively Analysed (OA) Flux data sets collocated with the OMNI buoy locations were also utilised to the analyse the long period seasonal variabilities. The flux terms show strong seasonal variability with several peaks during the monsoon seasons in both the ocean basins. LHF varies directly with wind speed (WS) and inversely with relative humidity (RH). The correlation of LHF with WS is greater than 0.7 and RH is nearly -0.6 with few exceptions during pre-monsoon season in the AS and southwest monsoon in the BoB. However, SHF is less correlated with WS (∼0.3 to 0.5). The difference of sea surface temperature and air temperature (denoted as SST-AT) plays a significant role in determining SHF with a correlation greater than 0.6 in both the basins.  相似文献