Correlation of icing events with meteorological variables, and two statistical models to discriminate freezing days     

ZunYa Wang  ShanShan Zhao  Qiang Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(3):0242-0248

In this paper, the characteristics of meteorological variables are statistically correlated with icing events (i.e., glaze and rime) in China, using daily observations of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and weather phenomena from 700 stations in China from 1954 to 2008. The weather conditions most favorable for icing events are investigated and two statistical models are developed to discriminate potential freezing days. Low air temperature, high relative humidity, and low wind speed are shown to be important conditions for occurrence of icing events; also, the favorable daily mean air temperature is shown to have a decreasing trend from north to south in China, while the favorable relative humidity and wind speed varies little across the country. The statistical model developed with the daily mean temperature combined with precipitation, fog, and mist weather phenomena proved to be well able to determine the possible occurrence of freezing days. The accuracy of model outputs is well above 60% for northwestern Yunnan, Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southern Hunan, and southern Jiangxi, among other regions where icing events are more frequent, and the average false alarms are few. Using observations or forecast products of conventional meteorological variables, this model has high performance and is practical and applicable for early warning and monitoring of icing events.  相似文献   

三个全球气象灾害数据库对比及展望     

王毅  杨舒楠  张立生  曹勇  尹宜舟 《气候变化研究进展》2022,18(2):253-260

针对气象相关灾害,对3个主要全球灾害数据库进行了概述,包括比利时鲁汶大学国家灾害流行病研究中心的紧急灾害数据库(EM-DAT)、德国慕尼黑再保险公司的自然灾害数据库(NatCat)和瑞士再保险公司的数据库(Sigma),比较了各灾害数据库在建设目的、收录标准及灾害种类划分上的差异.E M-D AT由于能够访问下载,在国...  相似文献   

Twentieth-century trends in the thermal growing season in the Greater Baltic Area   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hans W. Linderholm  Alexander Walther  Deliang Chen 《Climatic change》2008,87(3-4):405-419

Phenological data have shown an increase of ca. 10 days in European growing season length in the latter part of the twentieth century. In general, these changes have been associated with global warming. Here we present a study of thermal growing season (GS) trends in the Greater Baltic Area, northern Europe. Yearly dates for the start, end and length of the GS were computed for 49 stations in the studied area, using daily mean temperature measurements. Trends and tendencies of the GS parameters were analysed within the twentieth century. We also examined GS trends in long records (starting before 1850) from the region. The results show a general increase of the length of the GS of ca one week since 1951 in the area, where the most considerable change has occurred in spring (starting ∼6 days earlier). The largest increases were found at stations adjacent to the Baltic Sea and North Sea, where some Danish stations showed significant increasing trends in the length of the GS of more than 20 days. The only tendency for a shorter GS was found in Archangelsk, north western Russia. The three longest records displayed large inter-annual and decadal variability, with tendencies for increased frequencies of longer growing seasons since the 1950s.  相似文献   

The Unprecedented Freezing Disaster in January 2008 in Southern China and Its Possible Association with the Global Warming   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

DING Yihui  WANG Zuny  SONG Yafang  ZHANG Jin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(4):538-558

The unprecedented disaster of low temperature and persistent rain, snow, and ice storms, causing widespread freezing in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China in January 2008, is not a local or regional event, but a part of the chain events of large-scale low temperature and snow storms in the same period in Asia. The severity and impacts of the southern China 2008 freezing disaster were the most significant among others. This disastrous event was characterized by three major features： （1） snowfall, freezing rain, and rainfall, the three forms of precipitation, coexisted with freezing rain being the dominant producer responsible for the disaster; （2） low temperature, rain and snow, and freezing rain exhibited extremely great intensity, with record-breaking measurements observed for eight meteorological variables based on the statistics made by China National Climate Center and the provincial meteorological services in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China; （3） the disastrous weathers persisted for an exceptionally long time period, unrecorded before in the meteorological observation history of China.
The southern China 2008 freezing disaster may be resulted from multiple different factors that superimpose on and interlink with one another at the right time and place. Among them, the La Nina situation is a climate background that provided conducive conditions for the intrusions of cold air into southern China; the persistent anomaly of the atmospheric circulation in Eurasia is the direct cause for a succession of cold air incursions into southern China; and the northward transport of warm and moist airflows from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea finally warranted the formation of the freezing rain and snow storms and their prolonged dominance in the southern areas of China.
A preliminary discussion of a possible association of this disastrous event with the global warming is presented. This event may be viewed as a short-term regional perturbation to the global warming. There is no  相似文献   

Summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulation and Monsoon Rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Ping  CHEN Junming  XIAO Dong  NAN Sulan  ZOU Yan  ZHOU Botao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(4):455-471

Using the ERA-40 data and numerical simulations, this study investigated the teleconnection over the extratropical Asian-Pacific region and its relationship with the Asian monsoon rainfall and the climatological characteristics of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific, and analyzed impacts of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） heating and Pacific sea surface temperature （SST） on the teleconnection. The Asian-Pacific oscillation （APO） is defined as a zonal seesaw of the tropospheric temperature in the midlatitudes of the Asian-Pacific region. When the troposphere is cooling in the midlatitudes of the Asian continent, it is warming in the midlatitudes of the central and eastern North Pacific; and vice versa. The APO also appears in the stratosphere, but with a reversed phase. Used as an index of the thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific, it provides a new way to explore interactions between the Asian and Pacific atmospheric circulations. The APO index exhibits the interannual and interdecadal variability. It shows a downward trend during 1958-2001, indicating a weakening of the thermal contrast, and shows a 5.5-yr oscillation period. The formation of the APO is associated with the zonal vertical circulation caused by a difference in the solar radiative heating between the Asian continent and the North Pacific. The numerical simulations further reveal that the summer TP heating enhances the local tropospheric temperature and upward motion, and then strengthens downward motion and decreases the tropospheric temperature over the central and eastern North Pacific. This leads to the formation of the APO. The Pacific decadal oscillation and El Nino/La Nina over the tropical eastern Pacific do not exert strong influences on the APO. When there is an anomaly in the summer APO, the South Asian high, the westerly jet over Eurasia, the tropical easterly jet over South Asia, and the subtropical high over the North Pacific change significantly, with anomalous Asian monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclon  相似文献   

2007年12月至2008年2月T213、ECMWF及日本模式中期预报性能检验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田伟红 《气象》2008,34(5):101-107

为了解中期数值预报模式性能,提高中期预报水平,针对2007年12月至2008年2月T213模式96小时预报产品进行天气学检验,并与ECMWF、日本模式96小时预报性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,三个模式的96小时预报对亚洲中高纬地区大尺度环流形势演变和重大调整有较强的预报能力,对于转折性天气的预报有较强的指示意义.综合分析来看,ECMWF模式对西风指数、850hPa温度变化、500hPa环流形势及南支槽的预报误差最小,日本模式次之.  相似文献   

06·6福建大暴雨的数值模拟及复杂地形影响试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王珏  沈新勇  寿绍文  徐枝芳 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(4):546-554

利用WRF（Weather Research Forecast）中尺度模式对2006年6月5-7日福建地区出现的一次大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,根据模式输出的物理量进行了诊断分析,并通过地形敏感性试验讨论福建地形对此次暴雨的影响。结果表明：中尺度WRF模式成功模拟出了这次暴雨的雨况及高低空流场分布。这是建立在静止锋、低空切变线和低空急流等系统基础上的一次典型的华南准静止锋降水。冷暖气流在底层交汇并产生强烈的垂直上升运动,不稳定能量的释放是暴雨发生和维持的机制之一,位温的垂直分布有利于低层涡度的发展。福建北部的喇叭口地形和武夷山迎风坡共同作用,导致西南气流的转向辐合,触发了中尺度切变线和中尺度涡旋的形成,加速了上升运动和中层对流发展,有利于位于迎风坡的建瓯、邵武、蒲城等地区降水的增强。  相似文献   

分类与集成方法在降雨预报中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹晓钟  闵晶晶  刘还珠  赵声蓉  王式功 《气象》2008,34(10):3-11

介绍一种利用数值预报产品进行降雨预报的方法.该方法按照人工智能分类与集成的思想,利用前馈神经网络将T213、日本、德国的数值预报产品集成在一起,构成一个集成型的预报系统.在此基础上,利用高度场的天气形势和预报区域近低层流场和温湿条件,采用自组织神经网络进行天气分型,并针对不同的天气类型选用不同的预报因子,建立不同的预报模型.按照上述方法,选用江淮流域68个站点2003-2005年的5-9月数据,逐站建模,用2006-2007年5-9月的数据进行分级降水试报.各级降水预报结果表明,集成多家数值预报信息好于仅用单一模式的信息,采用天气分型建模优于不分型的建模.因此,多模式(型)预报结果的综合集成方法的研究,是数值预报解释应用中很值得探索的方向.  相似文献   

精细化预报订正平台设计   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

丁建军  罗兵  赵光平  刘勇  刘高平 《气象》2008,34(11):89-95

在精细化预报订正平台特点及需求分析的基础上,阐述了精细化预报订正平台的设计思路、流程结构和主要功能.该平台在合理划分预报制作相似区的基础上,以预报制作相似区内订正点与关联点之间各预报要素关联关系为依据,以精细化气象要素客观预报产品或上级指导预报产品为预报蓝本,通过文本、图形两种修改方式,完成对高时空密度、多预报要素值的修改订正.为开展精细化预报业务,实现国家、省、地(市)三级预报部门逐级指导、属地订正业务流程提供了技术支撑.  相似文献   

热带气旋经过台湾岛强度变化特征   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

董林  端义宏 《气象》2008,34(7):10-14

用中国气象局整编的1949-2006年共58年的<台风年鉴>或<热带气旋年鉴>资料,将资料线性插值到1小时,挑选出经过台湾岛的热带气旋(TC),用统计分析的方法,揭示TC经过台湾岛时的强度变化特征.结果表明,TC从东侧登陆台湾岛损失的强度为西侧登陆损失强度的2倍以上;TC登陆时的路径方向与台湾中央山脉长轴的交角越接近垂直,其过岛损失的强度越小,在岛逗留的时间越短;TC登陆台湾岛东侧时强度损耗与TC登陆前其自身的强度呈正相关,而登陆台湾岛西侧则没有明显的统计规律;TC从台湾西侧登陆时不但出现强度不变或者增强的几率更大,而且强度增强也更多.  相似文献